三一致：一般明确条件—语法一致； 部分与整体—含义一致；选择情况—就近一致

1

集体名词作主语（集体名词就是能够包含多个个体在内的名词，如family等）

【集体名词作主语，既可用单数也可用复数，看你是侧重整体还是内在的个体】

1.    His family is a large one. The family are very clever.

常见的集体名词有：mankind family team company school class group party army enemy band bank board committee congress crew crowd couple people cattle herd

2

以s结尾的单词，看做假复数，动词用单数

1.    Where is the lens镜头？

常见的单词有：news  remains wages  woods sports

特别是科学名词-ics: economics mathematics statistics  mechanics gymnastics classics phonetics 

3

单复数同形的名词，要看清单数还是复数含义，再确定动词的单复数

1.    There is a deer here. There are deer here.

常见的单词有： fish sheep deer furniture people alms innings means pains works analysis

All possible means __________ been tired.Every possible means __________ been tired.A. have，have  B. has has  C. have  has     D. has，have

4

某些名词常以复数形式出现，如：clothes（衣服） troops（部队） goods（货物） papers(文件) greens(青菜) manners(礼貌) arms(武器) looks(外貌)

谓语动词要用复数.作表语或宾语也用复数.

1. The goods are good.

2. 一些成双成对的名词通常只有复数形式，常见的有jeans (牛仔裤), headphones (耳机), trousers (裤子), clothes (衣服), pants (短裤), glasses (眼镜), shoes (鞋子), sunglasses (太阳镜), scissors (剪刀), compasses (圆规)

常用a pair of...

用了a pair of...它的中心词就是pair, pair 是单数，动词用单数，如是量词是复数动词就用复数

There is a pair of glasses on the desk.

There are pairs of trousers in the basket.

2.    常用复数形式的名词：noodles, vegetables, snacks

Vegetables are very important for us.

Noodles are ready.

We will have noodles for supper this evening. 今天晚上我们吃面条。

She likes to eat snacks very much. 她很喜欢吃零食。

5

1. 其中一部分作主语，如果能看出多数的个体，就取复数，如果不可数名词的一部分，就不考虑复数问题。

How much do you want? Half is enough.  Most of us want to go to Beijing.

常用的结构有：half of   a half of   most of  part of  a part of  the rest of

1.    百分比 （要看内容和含义做决定是单数还是复数）

Twenty percent of the water is dirty. Twenty percent of the students are not healthy.

常见的结构有：xx percent of  几分之几 Two-thirds of the students are here.

6

地点名词，要看清概念，选用单数还是复数

1.    The hotel are friendly to her.(指整个成员) The hotel is not far from here.

类似的单词有：town city country world hotel village beach

7

不定代词作主语基本上都是用动词的单数形式

1.    Nobody knows him.

不定代词：one /no one/ everyone anyone someone nobody everybody anybody somebody nothing everything anything something each

8

某些不定代词作主语，要看含义再决定单复数

All the teachers are good at English. All the money is earned by his father.

类似的单词有：none  none of   all    all of   both  some  more  such

9

many a+名词单数最特殊，虽然含义是许多，要用单数动词

1.    Many a girl wants to go to Hong Kong.

2.    Many a student has passed the exam.

10

what作主语，一般用单数，特别强调个体多数时，可用复数

1.    What you bought is what I want to buy. Thanks.

2.    What I bought yesterday are books.

11

who作主语，也是要看含义，再决定单复数

1. Who is your father? Who are absent? Who has/have read the book?

12

which作主语，也要看含义，再决定单复数

1. Which is which? Which of them swims the fastest? Which of you want to go with me?

13

重要内容：有连词并列或选择主语的时候，要看清内容再决定是单数还是复数

1）

and连接两个以上的不同的人或物是，动词就用复数

1.    My mother and father love me very much. I love them very much, too.

2.    John and Tom are ready now. Mary and Jack are good students.

3.    Both mother and the baby are very well.

2)

and 后面是两个成为或两个头衔，实际上是指同一个人时，用单数

1.    The worker and writer is from Wuhan. (少一个定冠词，工人兼作家)

and 前后是指同一整体概念的时候，动词用单数

2.    The horse and carriage is at the gate.

3.    His end and aim is clear to us all.

4.       Pen and ink is here.

3)

each, every no…and (each, every no_…刻意强调单数，所以动词用单数

1.    Every man, woman and child is an important body.

2.    Each boy and each girl wishes to stay in China.

4)

or连接主语的时候，是典型的“就近一致”的代表句型

1） He or his parents are right. Is he or his parents right?

2） Tom or his sisters are coming.

5)

either ... or…连接连个主语，使用就近原则

1） Either my father or my uncles are coming.

neither…nor…连接两个主语，使用就近原则

1） Neither his parents nor he is coming.

2） Neither my father nor I was there. (非正式文体可以用were)

6)

not only … but (also)…连接两个主语，使用就近原则

1)    Not only he but also I am in the school.

2)    Not only the students but also the teacher has been there.

8)

…as well as…只起连接作用，以前面的为准，不用就近原则

1)I as well as my classmates am a League member.

2) My friends as well as I are ready to help you.

no less than     more than    rather than 都是以前面主语复数为准

1.    He no less than you is my friend.

2.    He rather than you is good at English.

3.    He more the other students is helpful to me.

14

介词连带出的人或物，不能合并在主语内考虑，将它排除掉或包括，都以主语为准

1. Everyone but you knows the good news. (but在此是介词，不是连词)

类似的单词有： but  except  beside  with  together with  without like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including

15

加减乘除，时间距离作主语：

1.    加法用and 主语可用单数或复数  Two and three is/are five.

2.    加法用plus（正规用法）动词用单数：is/ is equal to /  equals或 makes

Two and five is / equals / makes seven.

Two added to four is equal to six.

3.    减法只能用动词单数

Four from eight is four. Eight minus three equals five.

Three taken from eight is five.

Five taken from ten is five.

4.    乘法句子的动词一般用单数

Three times four is /makes/will be twelve.

Three multiplied by four is/makes /gives twelve.

5.    除法句子的动词一般用单数

    Eight divided by two is four.

时间、距离，度量衡作主语，动词一般用单数

1.    Three years is a long time.

2.    Another five hours is enough.

3.    Five hundred miles is a long distance.

4.    A hundred gallons of oil were delivered.

5.    Twenty pounds is enough.

6.    Five dollars is enough.

7.    注意：少数情况下，由于看法不同，韵律不同，也有用复数的

Two pounds of flour were/was what I needed.

16

The加形容词或分词表示该类人们，动词一般都用复数

1.    The poor are always with us. 穷人们永远和我们在一起。

类似的有： the able  the absent  the brave the blind the dead  the dying  the ignorant  the learned t he living  the old  the poor  the rich  the wise the sick

17

There be 句型的主谓一致，就近原则

1） 总原则，以be后面的真正的主语的单复数来决定be的变化形式

There is a book on the desk. There are 10 eggs in the basket.

There was a dog in the classroom yesterday afternoon.

2） there be后面有两个以上的并列主语时，一般以第一个主语为准

There is a desk and three chairs in the room.

There are two chairs and a stool in the room.

3） There be 的变形句型 there live/come/ appear/seem 看清主语再选单复数

There comes the bus. There goes the bell. There arises/arise a lot of questions.

18

带有从句的主句的主谓一致

1.    what从句（ 一般用单数，强调复数时，用复数）

2.    定语从句 （以关系词前面的先行词的单复数为准）

I am not one who is afraid of ghosts.

Don’t choose me, who am not good at English.

3.    主语从句, 它的谓语一般用单数（但是特殊疑问代词引导的主语从句要看内容选用动词的单复数）

That he will come is true.

Whether is coming or not matters little.

When / where/ how he studied English so well is unknown to us all.

Whoever say so are liars.

4.    强调句 It is … that/who…   It was …that /who …

It is he who speaks good English.

It was in Beijing that I met his brother 10 years ago.

19

带有量词类的短语做主语时，要看情况而定，选择动词的单复数

1.     of this/ that kind/ sort/type 什么种类的

Questions of this kind/sort are very difficult. （ 就远原则选动词单复数,以前面的为准）

this /that kind /sort/type of 什么种类的（就近原则选动词单复数）

This kind of mistakes is foolish.

2.    more than one… 动词用单数

More than one person is going to lose his job.

3.    many a/an… 动词用单数

Many a man has been cheated by him.

4.    one or two… 动词用单数复数都可以

There are one or two apples on the table.

5.    有量词，一般以量词的单复数为准，选用动词的单复数

A basket of eggs is sold out.

类似的量词有: bag  box  bottle  pair 

6.    the number of  与 a number of

the number of 是谈整体，谓语用单数； a number of 是谈许多，谓语用复数

The number of football fans is going up.

A number of football fans are going to watch the match.

20

如果when和where等连在一起引导一个从句，用单数，

例如： When and where they had the party was unknown.

 如果分开使用，引导的是两个从句，就用复数，

 When they had the party and where they had it were unknown.

21

非谓语动词或短语做主语，谓语动词用单数：

To see is to believe    眼见为实。 
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。 

22

自问自答谈道理：

1. Who --- students? a. is  b. are 为什么选b?

2. Who ___ to try? a. want  b. wants  为什么选b?

3. A day or two is enough. ...or...，谓语动词邻近原则，为什么还是is? 不是are?

4. Nine plus three ___ twelve. a. make b. makes 什么原则选b

5. Very few ___ his address in the town. a. know b .knows 为什么是a?

6. The students in our school each ___ an English dictionary. a.has b. have 每个人都有不应该是has吗? 为什么是复数呢?

7. The pair of shoes ____ worn out. a.was b.was 为什么是单数?

8. Over 80% of the population ___ workers. a. are b is 前面不应该看成整体么?为什么选a?

9. The whole class ____ greatly moved at his words. a.were b.was 可以把他们看成整体或个人，但是选项里都有怎么判断?这题为何只能选a?

10. The gas works ____ near the city. a. is b.are 为何选a?

11. The surroundings of his house ____ clean now. a.is b.are 环境不该是单数吗?为什么选b?

12. Her politics ____ neither conservative nor liberal. a. is b are 为什么选b? neither...nor...不是邻近原则吗? 还有这句话怎么翻译?

13. No one except two students ____ the meeting. a.was late for b. were late for 为何选a?

14. All but him and me ____ to the exhibition. a. are going b. is going 选a 为什么?主语是指什么

15. Four-fifths of the crop ____. a. was ruined b. were ruined crop是可数的吧 选a,why?

16.Three-fourths of the buildings ___ a.were destoryed b.was destoryed 是看前面的Three-fourths整体还是后面的buildings 选a,why?

17. Mathematics _____ the language of science. a.have been b.is c.are d. has been 这题为什么选a?

18. In the country, the rich ___ richer,the poor,pooer. a.become b. becomes the rich不该看做整体吗?为什么还选a?

19. The project requires more labor than ____ because it is extremely difficult. a.has been put in b.have neen put in 为什么选a??怎么翻译?

20. Not one in 100 children exposed to the disease ____ likely to develop it. a. is b.are 为什么选a? 怎么翻译?

21. When they had the party and where they had it____  unknown.a.was b. were

为什么选b.？

22. Doing eye exercises____ good for your eyes. a. is  b. are为什么选a.?

答案

1. 表语是复数，提醒我们前面的who是多人。

2. 这里的who是在多人中挑出一人来试试。

3. two后面有years省掉了，two years应视为一个整体。

4.在数学公式中用单数

5.表示很少的

6.主语是the students

7.the pair of 是主语 在这里应该看正是一双鞋

8.主语你看对了 但你还要顾虑宾语阿 宾语是复数说明他就把80%的人口看成了复数了

9.10.11同上 要分析主语

12.neither...nor...邻近原则指的是在它连接两个主语的时候，此处不是连接的主语

13. no one 是主语应看成单数

14.but him and me是主语 用复数

15.crop应该看成不可数名词

16.四分之三的楼房当然是复数了，楼房是可数名词

17.我觉得选b 学科应该看成单数的，虽然是复数的形式

18.the rich 表示一类人 看为复数

19.than连接两个并列的成分表示比较前面用的单数requires工程需要更多的人因为很难

20.Not one是主语八分之一的儿童面临疾病，疾病并将恶化

21. 两个从句做并列主语，谓语动词用复数。

22. 非谓语动词短语作主语，相当于从句，故动词选单数。