Reading  Restaurants Categorized by Services

阅读  根据服务分类的餐馆

One way to categorize restaurants is by the kind of service they offer. There are basically four types, table service; counter service, self-service and carryout. In table service restaurants, customers are seated at tables where food is served by a waiter or waitress. In counter service restaurants, customers sit at a counter and are served either by the person who prepares the food or by a waiter or waitress. A self-service restaurant is frequently called a buffet or cafeteria, there customers pass in front of a counter where food is displayed and help themselves to what they want; then they carry the food to a table themselves. Usually institutional restaurants are cafeterias, though many cafeterias are intended for public business. Carry-out restaurants often serve fast food; customers place their orders at a counter (or by telephone ahead of time) then “take-out” the food to wherever they wish to eat it—at their jobs, in a park, in a car, or at home.

        一种给餐馆分类的方式是根据它们提供服务的种类。主要有四种：餐桌服务、柜台服务、自助服务和外卖。在餐桌服务餐馆里，客户坐在桌旁，由服务员提供食物服务。在柜台服务餐馆，客户坐在柜台旁，由准备食物的人或服务员提供食物服务。自助餐馆通常叫自助餐台或自助餐厅，客户经过前面摆放食物的柜台，自己取所要的食物；然后自己把食物端到桌子上。通常社会公共机构的餐馆是自助餐厅，尽管有许多自助餐厅是大众商业性质。外卖餐馆通常提供快餐服务；客户在一个柜台订餐（或通过电话提前订），然后，把食物“带出”到他们想要去的地方吃—在他们的工作场所，在公园，在轿车里，或在家。

The millions of people who “eat out” every day have a wide variety of needs and taste from a quick lunch to a luxurious meal with elaborate service. Because of these differences there are many kinds of restaurants varying from street stand for a hot dog or bowl of noodles to elaborate restaurants with the best cooking. Restaurants generally fit into the following categories:

每天几百万“在外面吃饭”的人有广泛的不同需求，喜欢吃的从午快餐到需要提供精细服务豪华餐食。因为这些不同，就出现了许多种类的餐馆，从卖热狗或碗面的街头摊位到提供最好食物的精细餐馆。参观通常分为下面类别：

The gourmet restaurant: A gourmet is a person who appreciates the best in food and drink. A restaurant which offers meals that appeal to such a person is in this group. The service and the prices are usually in accord with the quality of the meal so that these restaurants are the most expensive and luxurious of all food-service establishments.

美食家餐馆：美食家是能鉴赏最好的食物和饮料的人。餐馆提供能吸引这类人的餐食。服务和价格通常同餐食的质量一致，因此这些餐馆是所有饮食服务企业中最贵最豪华的。

The family-type restaurant: Many eating places serve simple food at moderate prices that appeal to family groups. Perhaps their principal feature is the reliability they offer their customers through standardized food and service. Many of these restaurants are owned by chains or operated under a franchise, an arrangement in which the name and procedures of the business are leased from a central organization. When a family stops on a highway in the United States to eat at a Howard Johnson restaurant they know what kind of food they will get and what the price will be.

家庭型餐馆：许多吃饭的地方以中等价格提供简单的食物服务以吸引家庭型的食客。也许它们的主要特征是保证能向它们的客户提供标准化的食物和服务服务。许多这样的餐馆是由连锁公司拥有或特许经营，特许权是由一个中心组织出租该企业的名字或经营模式。当一个家庭在美国的公路上停下来，在一家霍华德餐馆就餐的时候，他们知道他们能吃到什么食物，价格是多少。

The specialty restaurant: This kind of restaurant offers a limited variety or style of food. It may specialize in steaks or in a particular kind of national food or it may depend on the atmosphere, decor, or personality of the owner to attract customers. Both the quality of the food and the prices are usually between those of the gourmet and family-type restaurants.

专门（特色）餐馆：这种参观提供有限的种类或风格的食物。它可能专门经营牛排或一种特定的民族食品或它可能依靠气氛、陈设、或经营者的个性来吸引客户。食物的质量和价格通常都在美食家和家庭型餐馆之间。

The convenience restaurants: This restaurant serves customers who want to eat in a hurry and are most interested in fast service, cleanliness, and low prices. This is a very large group of restaurants which includes several subcategories. One of these is the lunch counter which ordinarily serves sandwiches and other simple foods and beverages. A modern variation on the lunch counter is the fast food operation. Thousands of these establishments have sprung up all over the world in recent years. Fast foods are those which can be prepared, served, and eaten quickly: probably the most typical fast food is the hamburger, a grilled patty of ground beef served between the slices of a round roll. Most institutional foodservices fall into the convenience category, including cafeterias and restaurants in factories, offices, and hospitals, as well as some operations necessary to feed the military. Street stands are also convenience foodservices whether they offer a wide variety of dishes to large numbers of people in Bangkok or only snacks for tourists in Washington, D. C.

便利餐馆：这种餐馆向想要快速就餐的人提供服务，他们对快速服务、干净、低价感兴趣。这是一个非常大的类别的餐馆包括好几个附属的种类：其中之一就是午餐柜台类，通常提供三明治和其他简餐以及饮料。在午餐柜台一个现代的变化就是快餐食品的经营。近年来，全世界涌现出成千上万的此类企业。快餐食品是那些能很快做好、快速提供服务和快吃的食品：或许最典型的快餐食品就是汉堡包了，汉堡包是一种烤制的牛肉小馅饼，馅夹在园棍面包片之间。大多数的社会公共机构食物服务都属于便利类型，包括自助餐厅和工厂，办公室和医院的餐厅，也有一些向军队提供服务的此类企业。街头摊位也是一种便利食物服务形式，不管它们是向曼谷大多数人提供非常广泛的餐食还是只在华盛顿特区向旅游者提供的快餐。

Exercises

I. Complete the following sentences as required:

1. A buffet or cafeteria is a restaurant, in which customers help themselves to what they want and get food displayed on a counter. （在这种餐厅里顾客自己服务，从柜台上拿取陈列着的食物。）

2. A gourmet restaurant provides food and service to appeal to such a person who appreciates the best in food and drink.（吸引那些最能鉴赏食物的人们。）

3. The convenience restaurant serves customers who want to eat in a hurry and are most interested in fast service, cleanliness, and low prices. （这些顾客想急于用餐、并对快速供餐、食物洁净、低价最感兴趣。）

4. Fast foods are those which can be prepared, served, and eaten quickly.（这些食物能很快地配置、供应和就餐。）

5. The hamburger is a grilled patty of ground beef served between the slices of a round roll.（夹有烤牛肉面的园面包）

II. Questions for discussion:

1. How do you categorize restaurants?

One way to categorize restaurants is by the kind of service they offer. There are basically four types, table service; counter service, self-service and carryout.

2. Describe different services in table service, counter service, self-service and carry-out.

In table service restaurants, customers are seated at tables where food is served by a waiter or waitress.

In counter service restaurants, customers sit at a counter and are served either by the person who prepares the food or by a waiter or waitress.

A self-service restaurant is frequently called a buffet or cafeteria, there customers pass in front of a counter where food is displayed and help themselves to what they want; then they carry the food to a table themselves.

Carry-out restaurants often serve fast food; customers place their orders at a counter then “take-out” the food to wherever they wish to eat it.

3. What kinds of restaurants do not have waiters and waitresses?

Self-service restaurant and carry-out restaurant

4. What kind of restaurant is the most expensive and luxurious? Why?

The gourmet restaurant. A gourmet is a person who appreciates the best in food and drink. The service and the prices are usually in accord with the quality of the meal so that these restaurants are the most expensive and luxurious of all food-service establishments.

5. In what kind of restaurant will you have your meal if you are with your family? Why?

The family-type restaurant. It serves simple food at moderate prices that appeal to family groups. Perhaps their principal feature is the reliability they offer their customers through standardized food and service.

6. What kind of service and product food are provided by specialty restaurant?

It may specialize in steaks or in a particular kind of national food or it may depend on the atmosphere, decor, or personality of the owner to attract customers.

7. Why do some of the customers want to have their meals in a convenience restaurant? What kinds of product food does a convenience restaurant offer?

Because it can serve customers quickly with its fast service, cleanliness, and low prices.

One of these is the lunch counter which ordinarily serves sandwiches and other simple foods and beverages. A modern variation on the lunch counter is the fast food operation. Fast foods are those which can be prepared, served, and eaten quickly: probably the most typical fast food is the hamburger, a grilled patty of ground beef served between the slices of a round roll.

Most institutional foodservices fall into the convenience category, including cafeterias and restaurants in factories, offices, and hospitals, as well as some operations necessary to feed the military.

Street stands are also convenience foodservices whether they offer a wide variety of dishes to large numbers of people in Bangkok or only snacks for tourists in Washington, D. C.