介词构成的动词短语

在英语中，有动词和介词（up, down, in, out, on, off, over, away）构成的动词短语很多，有时很难猜出它们的意义，这里收集了常见的动词短语, 通过分析介词的意义，对这一类的短语进行分类，找出它们的规律，以便更好地掌握它们, 注意有些短语意义很接近, 这要结合例句和上下文掌握它们的用法。

1. up

1) 向上（toward or into a higher position）

lift ~ 举起 climb ~ 爬上 come ~ 上升 get ~ 起来stand ~ 站起来 pick ~ 检起 draw ~ 升起 grow ~ 长大 hand ~ 拖起 put ~ 举起 send ~ 使上升 rise ~升起 look ~ 抬起头 zip ~ 拉上 hold ~ 举起 pile ~堆起 dig ~ 挖出 take ~ 拿起 build ~ 树立 set ~建立

2) 完成，结束(expressing completeness and finality)

finish ~ 完成 drink ~ 喝干 eat ~ 吃光 burn ~ 烧光 wash ~ 洗净 use ~ 用光 fill ~ 装满 pay ~ 付清settle ~ 解决 lick ~ 甜净 sum ~ 总结， open ~ 透露 end ~ 结束 let ~ 中止, 减少 draw ~ 停止 close ~ 停止，关闭 swallow ~ 吞没 beat ~ 痛打 cover ~掩盖 break ~ 结束，分解 wind ~ 结束

3) 离开，消灭(expressing separation and destroy)

break ~ 拆开，驱散cut ~ 切碎 split ~ 分裂 divide ~ 分割 smash ~ 捣毁 blow ~ 炸毁 wither ~ 枯死tear ~ 撕碎 give ~ 放弃 fold ~ 垮台 dry ~ 枯竭，干涸crack ~ 撞坏 clutter ~ 使散乱 litter ~ 乱丢杂物

4) 增加，变强(to a state of greater activity, force, strength, power and degree.

(1). mount ~ 增加pick ~ 振作，加快pluck ~ 振作turn ~ 开打，开大, 出现 shake ~ 震惊 steam ~ 使发怒 stir ~ 激起，搅起ease ~ 放松 warm ~ 兴奋speak ~ 大声说 heat ~ 变热 total ~ 加总 tense ~紧张 gather ~ 收集 speed ~ 加速 screw ~ 振作build ~ 增大 show ~ 显现 cheer ~ 振作起来stir ~刺激 work ~ 激动，刺激

(2). 用在带"-en"后缀的动词后（used after the verbs with suffix of -en）

brighten ~ 发亮 fatten ~ 发胖 freshen ~使新鲜harden ~变硬 sharpen ~ 变快 smarten ~ 变精明strengthen ~ 加强sweeten ~ 变甜 tighten ~ 使紧密 toughen ~ 使强壮soften ~ 变软

5). 变好，改善( as to be better and proper)bring ~ 抚育 check ~ 核对 clear ~ 清理，晴天clean ~ 整理 do ~ 整理 patch ~ 修理 polish ~ 擦亮, 改进light ~ 点亮 tune ~ 调整 tidy ~ 整理 rub ~ 擦亮 train ~ 训练，培养 make ~ 化装, 和解, 弥补buy ~ 囤积 figure ~ 计算 fix ~ 修理,整理 take ~ 从事

6) 关住，锁紧，固定住(firmly, tightly and closely)

shut ~ 关闭 lock ~ 锁住 tie ~ 栓住 chain ~ 锁住nail ~ 钉住 fasten ~ 系住 pin ~ 钉住 bind ~ 装订bar ~ 关住 block ~ 堵塞 choke ~ 堵塞 save ~ 存起来 store ~ 贮藏 stock ~ 储存 cover ~ 掩盖 wrap ~包住 lay ~ 储存 hold ~ 延误 keep ~ 坚持

7) 向说话人的方向（to the place where the speaker is）

go ~ run ~ rush ~ drive ~ walk ~ catch ~ swim ~ march ~ come ~

2. down

1) 向下的位置（to or into a lower position）

cast ~ 扔下 cut ~砍倒 get ~ 下来 hand ~ 传下来knock ~ 撞倒 lay ~ 放下 let ~ 放下 pour ~ 倾盆而下 pull ~ 拉下 set ~ 放下 sit ~ 坐下 step ~ 走下来 throw ~ 扔下 turn ~ 拆下 take ~ 取下 blow ~吹倒 bring ~ 打倒 hang ~ 垂下 sink ~ 沉落 slip ~失足 squat ~ 蹲下 swallow ~ 吞下 stoop ~ 伏身splash ~ 飞溅而下 touch ~ 降落 bend ~ 弯下 bow ~鞠躬 kneel ~ 跪下 lie ~ 躺下 strip ~ 脱下

2) 减少（强度，量和体积）(a decrease in intensity, amount, bulk)

dwindle ~ 减少 die ~ 变弱，逐渐停止go ~ 平静下来mark ~ 削减 hold ~ 压低 burn ~ (火)减弱, 烧坏slow ~ 慢下来 burn ~ 烧掉 wash ~ 冲淡 clean ~弄干净 rub ~ 擦干净 bring ~ 降低 keep ~ 缩减trim ~ 裁减 water ~ 冲淡 thin ~ 减少 run ~ 用光衰弱 wear ~ 削减，磨损come ~ 下跌 knock ~ 降价

3) 停止，减弱(to a state of less activity, force, strength and power)

close ~ 关闭 drop ~ 突然停止 break ~ 坏了，中止run ~ 停止 settle ~ 平静下来 cool ~ 冷静下来turn ~ 拒绝 die ~ 停止 lay ~ 失望 put ~ 镇压 4)紧紧地，牢牢地(firmly, tightly) fasten ~ 系牢chain ~ 链住，栓住clamp ~ 夹住 nail ~ 钉住 pin ~扣牢 hammer ~ 钉上 tie ~ 栓住 bind ~ 捆绑 draw ~停下来 5) 写下，记下(on paper or in writing) write ~ 写下 copy ~ 抄下 note ~ 记下 take ~ 记下put ~ 记下 get ~ 记下 have ~ 写下

3 on

1) 继续(continuously)

carry ~ drive ~ fight ~ hold ~ keep ~ live ~ sleep ~ sing ~ walk ~ go ~ hurry ~ move ~ read ~ follow ~ struggle ~ insist ~ 坚持

2) 连上，固定住，(in or into a state of being connected)

act ~ 对…起作用catch ~ 抓牢 come ~ 跟随 count ~依赖 draw ~ 带上，穿上fasten ~ 纠缠，抓牢fit ~ 固定 get ~ 接近 paste ~ 粘住 turn ~ 打开 switch ~打开 pin ~ 钉住 put ~ 穿上 try ~ 试穿 pull ~ 穿上 hang ~ 不挂断 build ~ 建立于 leave ~ 留住take ~ 穿下 rely ~ 依靠 depend ~ 依靠

3) 向前，向上(forward, onward)

add ~ 加上 mark ~ 标上 paint ~ 漆上 press ~ 向前pass ~ 传递 send ~ 转送 stamp ~ 盖章于 get ~ 上车 hand ~ 传送　

4) 开始某活动(in or into an active operation)

work ~ 从事 fall ~ 攻击 hit ~ 突然向起 bring ~引起 get ~ 取得进展 look ~ 旁观, 观看call ~ 拜访figure ~ 打算,希望 fix ~ 决心 get ~ 进步, 友好相处pick ~ 批评 plan ~ 打算 decide ~ 决定 reflect ~ 思考, 反思remark ~ 评论，议论settle ~ 决定spur ~ 鼓励 urge ~ 督促

4. off

1) 离开(indicating departure)blow ~ 吹掉 drive ~击退 get ~ 下车，动身lift ~ 离开地面 make ~ 逃走move ~ 离去 pack ~ 打发走 see ~ 送行 ship ~ 运往start ~ 动身 send ~ 送行，解雇call ~ 叫走 let ~放出 take ~ 起飞 touch ~ 发射 give ~ 发出 clear ~ 走开 carry ~ 夺走

2) 去掉，断开(indicating removal or disconnection)

cut ~ 切断 tear ~ 扯掉 take ~ 拿走 chip ~ 切下come ~ 脱落 cross ~ 除去 drop ~ 跌落 fall ~ 脱落flick ~ 弹掉 peel ~ 剥掉 pull ~ 撕开 rub ~ 擦掉scrape ~ 挂去 shave ~ 剃去 wash ~ 洗掉 shake ~抖落 throw ~ 扔开 rip ~ 扯开 turn ~ 关掉 strip ~脱去 switch ~ 关掉 take ~ 脱掉 shut ~ 关掉 wear ~ 磨损 go ~ 爆炸 break ~ 中断

3) 完成，停止(indicating completion)

finish ~ 结束 pay ~ 付清 break ~ 停止，中断send ~ 结束 leave ~ 停止 pass ~ 终止，停止sign ~ 停止播音 wear ~ 消失， write ~ 注销，购销bring ~ 完成call ~ 取消 lay ~ 停止, 解雇

4) 着地(down to the ground)

fall ~ 落下 jump ~ 跳下 knock ~ 击倒 slip ~ 滑倒

5. in

1) 进入，向里(into, inside, indoors)

barge ~ 闯入 beat ~ 打进 break ~ 闯入,插嘴breathe ~ 吸入 burst ~ 闯入，打断drop ~ 偶然拜访 fall ~ 跌入 get ~ 插入，收进 knock ~ 打入lead ~ 导入 let ~ 进入，嵌入 move ~ 迁入 step ~走进 settle ~ 迁入 smuggle ~ 偷偷运进cut ~ 插嘴call ~ 来访 draw ~ （火车）进站intervene ~ 介入involve ~ 卷入

2) 包围，关闭(to be surrounded, or enclosed)

close ~ 包围，封闭lock ~ 禁闭 shut ~ 关进 wall ~围住

3) 加入，记入(to be added, or included)

book ~ 登记 check ~ 签到 count ~ 记入 fill ~ 填入 hand ~ 交上 take ~ 吸收 send ~ 呈交

6. out

1) 向外（away from the inside, outside）

keep ~ 使在外 take ~ 拿出 put ~ 放出，伸出come ~长出， bring ~拿出 bar ~关在外 breathe ~ 呼吸出eat ~ 出去吃 get ~ 弄出 go ~ 出去 lay ~ 摆开，展示lock ~ 关在外面 look ~ 向外看 move ~ 搬出point ~指出 pour ~ 诉说 pull ~ 拉出 ship ~ 运出stick ~伸出 spit ~ 吐出 beat ~ 敲出 knock ~ 敲出dine ~ 外出吃饭 drive ~ 驾车外出 leak ~ 漏出draw ~ 拉出 see ~ 送出门去 draw ~ 出站 let ~ 放出, 释放

2) 结束，消失，取消(to or at an end, not to be there or not to exist)

burn ~ 烧尽，烧断clear ~ 清除 dust ~ 清除 fade ~消失 put ~ 扑灭 run ~ 用完 use ~ 耗尽 give ~ 耗尽 comb ~ 淘汰 kick ~ 逐出 wipe ~ 消灭 die ~ 灭绝 rub ~ 擦掉 blot ~ 除去 blow ~ 吹熄 bleach ~漂白 carry ~ 完成，执行leave ~ 省去 see ~ 完成go ~ 熄灭 come ~ 罢工，结果cut ~ 删去，停止hold ~坚持到底 sell ~ 买完 tire ~ 筋疲力尽 wear ~ 磨损

3) 大声（in a loud voice, aloud）

sing ~ cry ~ shout ~ call ~ ，喊，申斥 spell ~ speak ~ scream ~ read ~ yell ~ sob ~ burst ~ 咆哮

4) 分发，传开(to a number of people or in all directions)

give ~ 分发 spread ~ 传开 set ~ 出发 hand ~ 分发share ~ 分配 divide ~ 分配 call ~ 出动 start ~出发 send ~ 发送 break ~ 爆发，逃脱serve ~ 分发口粮 drop ~ 离开,退出

5) 搞清，弄明白(in or into notice and clearness)

find ~ 找出 figure ~ 算出，解决make ~ 弄清 count ~ 点清 come ~ 出版，出现catch ~ 看出 carry ~ 完成， bear ~ 证明 bring ~ 发表，说出fill ~ 使完全,添满write ~ 写出

7. over

1) 向下(downwards from an upright position)

knock ~ 撞倒 turn ~ 翻转 fall ~ 脸朝下跌倒trip ~拌倒 bend ~ 伏身 look ~ 从…上面看

2) 自始至终，通过, 重复(from beginning to end, through, again and again)

look ~ 调查 think ~ 考虑 see ~ 查看 run ~ 匆匆看talk ~ 商量 call ~ 点名 read ~ 读一遍 go ~ 复习do ~ 重复 glance ~ 浏览 skip ~ 略过 ponder ~ 思考

3) 向上，向外，(indicating motion upwards or outwards)

run ~ 溢出 spill ~ 溢出 boil ~ 因沸溢出 throw ~呕吐