谈到领导力，脑海里总是浮现几个字“霸气”、“权谋”，但这与美国的领导学有太多的不同。

    年中参加过公司组织的Situational Leadership II的培训，专为主任级以上打造领导力的讲座。当时学的时候当成社交沙龙，有些学到的东西没多久也就忘了。

    昨天在回新泽西的6小时长途飞行上，这本书占了大概3小时。该深思一些领导力的有关问题了。

什么是领导力？

    Leadership is an influence process.  When you are a leader, you work with people to help them accomplish their goalds and the goals of the organization.这句话说的很直白。领导力是感染力，影响力，它是用来帮助他人在实现其个人的目的的同时实现组织的目的。

什么是领导方式？

   Leadership Style is the pattern of behaviors you use with others, over time, as perceived by them.

三条以人为本的信念和价值观

一、人人皆想也能够成长(People can and want to develop)

二、领导力是伙伴能力(Leadership is a partnership)

三、人人皆注重参与和交流(People value involvement and communication)

情景领导者的三项技能

一、诊断(Diagnosis)

二、应变(Flexibility)

三、合作(Partnership for performance)

第一技能是诊断能力，也即对下属有全面和深刻的体察，而能因材施教，给予相应的工作任务。

体察与考察的方面

一、能力(Competence): 

    能力不是指智能(intelligence)和潜力(potential)，而是指获得性的知识与技能。特指与工作任务有关的知识与技能。注意，要考察Specific and transferrable knowledge and skills on a given goal or task。Tansferrable knowledge and skilles are "generic" skills developed in one situation that can be applied to another situation, incluing communication/interpersonal skills, project management, stress and conflict handle.

我们往往只注意到一个人的专业技术，同时还要注意他（她）的综合技能。比如我们需要一个能作微分计算的数学家，我们仅仅看他能解题还不够，还必须考察他的综合技能，包括交流、人际关系、规划能力、抗压和解决矛盾的能力。

二、投入 (Commitment)

    投入可以从动机Motivation和自信Confidence来衡量。

三、四种程度不同的下属

D1：热情的初学者 低技能和高投入

D2：不满的学习者 低能力和低投入

D3:有能力但谨慎的实践者 中度到高度能力和变化的投入

D4:自力更生的完结者

决策点1－对D4D3能够给予任务，对D2D1必须先培训或施予具体指导。

决策点2－对投入或态度考察，D4D1是正面的，D3D2是负面的。

诊断的误区是

想信一旦D2永远D2；一旦D4永远D4

想信自信和动机是能力

诊断潜力而不是表现出的知识和技能

公司 People Leadership Commitments

Our seven People Leadership Commitments set clear expectations for all our people leaders at Roche and represent our leadership promise to our employees. Regardless of area of work or level we expect every leader at Roche to demonstrate these commitments day in day out.

I firmly believe that each person at 公司 deserves a great leader. Every day I strive to lead by example, consistently demonstrating our values of Integrity, Courage and Passion. This means:

1. I take a genuine interest in people.
    
2. I listen carefully, tell the truth, and explain "the why".
    
3. I empower and trust people to make decisions.
    
4. I discover and develop the potential in people.
    
5. I strive for excellence and extraordinary results.
    
6. I set priorities and simplify work.
    
7. I congratulate people for a job well done.