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学习公社高考英语过去分词 |
分类: 高考英语 |
非谓语动词除了包括不定式、动名词和现在分词之外,还包括过去分词。过去分词又称-ed分词,在句中可以构成句子的谓语和复合宾语,也可以用作句子的表语、定语和状语。
一、过去分词构成谓语和作表语的情况
1. 和某些助动词一起构成句子的谓语:
I haven’t been out much recently.我最近没太出门。
分析:过去分词been和have的否定形式haven’t一起构成句子的谓语(完成否定形式)"haven’t been"。
It was said that he had been arrested. 据说他被捕了。
分析:过去分词arrested和be的完成形式had been一起构成句子的谓语(用了被动语态)。
2. 在句中用作表语:I am awfully worried. Daddy is ill.我很着急,我爸爸病了。分析:过去分词worried作表语,和am一起构成系表结构。
二、过去分词和它所补充说明的名词一起构成复合宾语
这种用法又可分为两种情况:
1. 过去分词和名词一起构成复合宾语。例如:She didn’t want her daughter taken out after dark.她不希望天黑后女儿被带出门。分析:过去分词短语taken out作名词短语her daughter的补语,并和该名词短语一起构成复合宾语。
2. 介词with后有时也可以跟这类复合宾语。例如:
He sat with his arms clasped round
his knees.
That year ended with nothing
settled.
分析:在这两句话中,过去分词clasped和settled分别作his arms和nothing的补语,并一起构成介词的复合宾语。
三、过去分词用作定语修饰名词
1. 表示情绪的过去分词可以作定语,这些过去分词主要有satisfied,frightened,worried,pleased,confused,embarrassed,surprised,astonished,
agitated,puzzled等。例如:
Martin’s confused sorrows turned to optimism.马丁烦乱的悲哀情绪转而变成乐观情绪。
He didn’t notice the surprised look on her face.他没有注意到她脸上惊讶的表情。
分析:在这两个例句中,过去分词confused和surprised均作定语,分别修饰名词sorrows和look。
2.
一些过去分词用作定语并与其修饰的名词构成固定搭配。例如:boiled water 开水canned food
3. 过去分词和名词、形容词、副词等一起构成复合形容词。例如:
a simply-furnished apartment一套陈设简单的房间
a cautiously-worded statement措辞谨慎的声明
strongly-motivated students学习动力很强的学生
4. 带有完成意义的一些过去分词也可以作定语。例如:
the risen sun ( = the sun that has just risen)初升的太阳
vanished jewels消失了的珠宝
an exploded bomb (a bomb that has exploded)爆炸了的炸弹
returned students归国留学生
注:有些以-ed结尾的词,并不是过去分词,而是由名词变来的形容词。例如:
armored cars装甲车
a gifted boy有天赋的孩子
salaried class工薪阶层
a detailed account 详细的叙述
a bearded man留络腮胡子的男人
5. 有些过去分词短语用在所修饰词后面作定语,作用相当于一个定语从句。例如:
Suddenly there appeared a young
woman dressed in green.
分析:过去分词短语dressed in green放在名词短语a young woman后面作定语,相当于一个定语从句who was dressed in green。
The play put on by the teachers was a big success.老师们上演的戏很成功。
分析:过去分词短语put on by the teachers放在名词短语the play后面作定语,相当于一个定语从句that was put on by the teachers。
6. 单一的过去分词有时也可跟在名词后面作定语。例如:
The designers decided to change the materials used.设计者决定改变所用的材料。
分析:单一的过去分词used跟在名词短语the materials后面作定语,相当于一个定语从句that were used。
7. 过去分词的进行形式作定语表示现在正在进行的动作:
We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.我们须对正在讨论的问题保密。
分析:过去分词discussed的进行形式being discussed作名词短语the things的定语,相当于一个定语从句which are being discussed。
I knew nothing about the experiment being conducted there.我对在那里进行的实验一无所知。
分析:过去分词conducted的进行形式being conducted作名词短语the experiment的定语,相当于一个定语从句which was being conducted。
四、过去分词作状语
1. 过去分词短语作状语(多放在句首,也可放在句尾或句中):Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.从山上看这座城市非常壮观。He soon felt asleep, exhausted by the journey.由于旅途劳顿,他很快就睡着了。分析:过去分词短语seen from the hill和exhausted by the journey分别放在句首和句尾作状语,修饰相应的主句。
2. 单独的过去分词有时也可用作状语:Depressed, he went to see his elder sister.他情绪很低沉,于是便去看他的姐姐。He turned away, disappointed.他失望地走开了。分析:单个过去分词depressed和disappointed分别放在句首和句尾作状语,修饰主句。
3. 过去分词短语和连词连用,作状语:
I went on talking, though continually interrupted by George.我继续讲我的,尽管一直被乔治打断。
They would never do this unless compelled.除非受到强迫,否则他们决不会做这种事。
分析:上面两个句子中,过去分词短语continually interrupted by George和过去分词compelled分别和连词though和unless一起作状语。
4. 过去分词还可引导一个状语从句:
Provided (that) there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting there.如果没有人反对,我们将在那里开会。
分析:过去分词provided引导出句子(that) there is no opposition并和该句子一起作状语,修饰主句we shall hold the meeting there。
真题演练
请按要求将下列句子翻译成英语:
1. 下午四点半主席宣布闭会。(过去分词构成复合宾语)
2. 她脸上的愁容加重了。(用过去分词作定语)
3. 最后威尔逊提出的计划通过了。(过去分词短语放在所修饰名词后作定语)
4. 你对正在维也纳召开的峰会有什么看法?(用过去分词的进行时形式)
5. 连续的暴雨使桥身受损,这座桥已不再安全。(过去分词短语作状语)
6. 当别人对他以友善相待时,他非常和蔼可亲。(过去分词和连词连用作状语)
7. 如果你早上六点钟到达车站,你就会赶上最早的火车。(用过去分词引导状语从句)
答案及解析
1. At 4:30 p.m. the chairman declared the session closed.
分析:过去分词"closed"作名词短语"the session"的补语,并和该名词短语一起构成谓语"declared"的复合宾语。
2. The worried look deepened upon her face.
分析:过去分词"worried"作定语,修饰主语"look"。
3. In the end the program offered by Wilson was adopted.
分析:过去分词短语"offered by Wilson"放在名词"pro-gram"后面作该名词的定语,相当于一个定语从句"that was offered by Wilson"。
4. What do you think of the summit meeting being held in Vienna?
分析:过去分词"held"的进行时形式"being held"和介词短语"in Vienna"一起作名词短语"the summit meeting"的定语,相当于一个定语从句"which are being held in Vienna"。
5. Weakened by successive storms, the bridge was no longer safe.
分析:过去分词短语"weakened by successive storms"放在句首作状语表示原因,修饰整个主句。
6. When treated with kindness, he was very amiable.
分析:过去分词短语"treated with kindness"和连词"when"连用,一起作状语修饰整个主句。
7. Provided (that) you arrive at the station at 6:00 a.m., you will catch the earliest train.
分析:过去分词provided (that)引导出分句"you arrive at the station at 6:00 a.m.",并和该分句一起作状语修饰整个主句。