分类: english |
Back Vowels
.[ɑ]
(/T/)
发音要决:这个音是四个后元音中最好发的音,也是英语元音发音的起始位置。这个音和汉语里的“阿”非常接近。
发音时:口腔纵向打开,舌部展平,舌尖轻轻抵住下齿,要做到发音时可以对镜看到自己的扁桃体。这就是为什么我们去看医生的时候,医生要我们“say ah!” 一定要注意,发音时舌头平躺在口腔下部,而且舌中部微微下凹。这一点我们中国学生总是不容易做到,但是这个舌位的练习关系到我们对舌头的控制程度究竟能达到多少。如果[ɑ:]音之后又有卷舌音“r”,那么要注意卷舌。
特别提示:美音中的的[ɑ]这回又身兼两职了!我们前面提到过,美音中不再用“:”来表示音的长短,所以[ɑ]音既可以发长一点,也可以发短一点。发长音就是原来英音中的[ɑ:],,而发短音就是原来英音中的[T]。大部分还有字母“o”的单词原来发[T]音,在美音中摇身变成了[ɑ]]音,这又是美音和英音的一个重大区别。但是,也有一些例外,例如在boss, dog, lost, watch, 许多人发音时仍偏向英音中的[T]。
单词训练:
bar(横木)
bottle(瓶子)
重要句型:
Oh, my
Gosh!
Guess
what!
It’s a
promise.
Hard to
tell.
Friends must
part.
Would you please mop the lounge today?
She dropped the bottle of
water.
He always comes to the top of the
class.
字母组合:
“a” as in the word “what”: wash, want, water, father, garage, mirage, Chicago, etc.
“o” as in the word “shop”: college, bottom, problem, logger, promise, dollar, etc.
[T] (/ T:/)
发音要决:这个音是四个后元音中舌位较低、口形较大的一个,但是注意,我们刚讲的[ɑ:]才是舌位最低、口形最大的音。不同的是,[T]发的是圆唇音,而[ɑ:]发的是扁唇音。
发音时:张口度不要太大,双唇稍稍收圆,舌身低平后缩,感觉口腔里可以含一个鸡蛋。在实际操作中,这个音可能听起来会有一点向[ɑ]偏的趋势。但是当然,我们不需要把两个都发出来,否则就成了双元音了。
特别提示:这里又要重提元音长短的问题。[T]其实可以发成短音,也可以发成长音,发长音就正对应英音中的/ T:/,只不过后者发音口形要小得多。这又是英音和美音的重大区别之一。如果[T]音后面有卷舌音r,该音口形会缩小,舌头上卷发音。
单词训练:
all(全部)
Oh, it’s all my
fault!
Let’s call it
today.
What’s this
for?
What’s the cause of all
this?
I don’t want any pause during my
talk.
He works in the Broad
Way.
She likes to walk along the wall every
morning.
字母组合:
“o” as in the word “dog”: cross, boss, loss, song, long, coffee, etc.
“al” as in the word “all”: wall, walk, always, talk, already, tall, call, etc.
“au” as in the word “cause”: daughter, August, caught, etc.
“aw” as in the word “law”: saw, lawyer, draw, dawn, awesome, awful, etc.
“ough” as in the word “fought”: bought, brought, ought, cough, etc.
[u] ( /u:/ )
发音要决:
发音时:双唇较[]收得更圆更小,向前突出。舌后部向软腭抬起,口腔肌肉始终保持紧张的状态。发音同时一定要注意防止双唇阻碍气流的泄出,就是说,要防止发出一个辅音[w]。
特别提示:美音中[ju]在s, t, st, d, n 这五种情况下半元音[j] 弱化,致使发该音的时候[u]的感觉要强烈得多。但是一点切记,弱化不代表完全消失否则suit(西装)和soot(煤烟)两词的发音就没有任何区别了,而这是不对的。
单词训练:
重要句型:
No news is good
news.
I have just bought a new blue
suit.
You should choose between the
two.
Would you please book a room for
me?
It’s a season to recruit new members again. 又到了招收新员工的时间了。
Today is the Lunar New
Year.
字母组合:
“o” as in the word “do”: two, who, whose, to, move, etc.
“oo” as in the word “boot”: tool, pool, shoot, spoon, loose, tooth, zoo, etc.
“u” as in the word “rule”: suit, duty, tune, June, July, student, stupid, etc.
“ue” as in the word “clue”: blue, cruel, due, sue, etc.
“ou” as in the word “group”: youth, you, through, etc.
“ew” as in the word “new”: threw, jewel, stew, slew, flew, etc.
以下一段顺口溜是我在“新东方语音速成班”上喜欢引用的一段练习资料,对练习以上两个后元音很有用处,练得熟练之后这两个音应该就没有问题了。练习时,先要保证准确性,再提高速度。
At noon I took a good book
And sat by the pool in the wood.
I soon took off my boot.
And put my foot in the pool.
Oh! How cool, how cool.