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《考研阅读经典解释》2000年第一篇文章

(2010-10-09 20:02:28)
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王宇词汇

王宇讲考研

王宇讲考研词汇

教育

             2000 第一篇

1

A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force.

长期的,不费力气的成功历史可能成为一种可怕的障碍,但是如果处理得当,它也可能成为一种推动力

When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.

当美国第二次世界大战结束恰好进入如此辉煌的时期,它任何竞争对手大八倍的市场。这给它的工业无与伦比的经济规模

Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.

它的科学家世界上最优秀的,它的工人是最有技巧的,美国和美国人 超出欧洲和亚洲人想象的繁荣,因为他们的经济已经被二战摧毁了

重点词汇

Effortless不费力的; 轻松的

解释:(effort努力+less否定形容词后缀:不努力,不费力的)

effort出力,努力   

解释:( ef(前缀,出)+ fort(词根,力量)出力,努力)

dreadful可怕的, 令人畏惧的 

解释:(dread害怕+ful形容词后缀)可怕的

handicap障碍

解释: (handi cap帽子:手上带了一个帽子,很有障碍)

Handle 处理

解释:(hand手:动手去处理)

driving force[,]动力  drive驱赶  fort =force

glowing period辉煌的时期  gl火光

periodic周期的; 定期的  (period时期, 时代+ic)

periodical期刊(periodic定期的+al物:定期出的物,期刊)

competitor`竞争者, 对手

解释(compete竞赛+itor人:竞赛的人,竞争者)

compete竞赛

解释 (com共同+pet追求:大家共同追求一个目标是就产生了,竞争)

impetus推动力(im+pet追求+us名词:在内心里驱使我们追求的是,推动力)driving force

perpetual永久的per从头到尾(一直)+pet追求+ual形容词:从开始到结束都在追求,永久的)

unparalleled无比的, 无双的(un否定+parallel平行的+ed形容词

parallel平行的(para傍边;另一个:在你傍边和你平行。)

parasite寄生物 (para傍边site位置:总是在这个旁边的位置依靠你的,寄生物)

paralyze使瘫痪 (para傍边lyze动词:只能在旁边让你推着他走;(使)瘫痪)

scale规模; 程度; 范围=size

prosperous成功的, 繁荣的(pro+sper希望+ous形:前面是很有希望的,因为可以看见成功)

prosperity兴旺, 繁荣(pro+sper希望+ity名词)

Desperate绝望的 (de除去+ sper希望+ate的:除去希望的:绝望的)

beyond the dreams超出了梦想  (be+yond上,坡处:在….,就是超越)

scientist科学家sci知识认识+ent+ ist复合名缀:对某个领域的知识进行系统化研究的人)

scient有知识的sci知识认识ent的:有知识的。)

conscious有意识的 (con强调+sci知识认识+ous的:强调知道的,意识到的。)

conscience良心,良知(con-共同+ sci知识.认识ence名缀;对道德行为的规范的共识)

beyond dispute毫无疑问   beyond hope超出了我的预料之外

第二段

It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer.

其他国家渐渐变得富裕起来,这种优势地位应该缩小不可避免的

shouldought tohave+过去分词:肯定式表示"过去本应做某事(但没做)";否定式表示"过去不该做某事(但做了)

Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful.

同样不可避免的是,主导地位退下来证明也是痛苦的

predominance主导或支配的地位

By the mid1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness.

80年代中期对于他们衰退的工业竞争力美国人已经(发现)感到他们自己不知所措

Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.

一些巨型的美国工业,例如消费电子工业面对外国竞争时萎缩或者崩溃

By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July.)

1987仅仅一家美国电视机制造商剩下,--zenith(现在一家也没了:zenith六月韩国LG电子购买了(兼并))

Foreign made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market.

外国制造汽车纺织品正在横扫国内市场。

America's machine-tool industry was on the ropes.

美国的机床工业岌岌可危了。

For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.

在一段时间,它看起来好象半导体制造业,美国发明了的(半导体)并且位于新的计算机时代的核心构件(半导体),也将成为下一个受害者(牺牲品)                                   

 

重点词汇: 

inevitable不可避免的

解释(in否定+evite避开,回避able:不可回避的)

evitable可避免的(evite避开,回避able:可回避的)

primacy首位, 首要(prime+acy名:首位, 首要)

prime首要的; 主要的

primary首要的(prime+ary形:首位的, 首要的)

retreat撤退; 退却(re+treat拉:往回拉退回)

predominance占主导地位的, (pre- +dominant 支配的:先支配的当然是主导的)

at a loss不知所措

fade (使)变弱, (使)枯萎fad

sweep into席卷市场

domestic本国的, 国内的(dome+stic的:国内的)

semiconductor半导体(semi-半+conductor导体)

conduct  (con一起+duct 引导: 引导, 带领)

casualty受害者, 牺牲品(不关心的人当然是牺牲品)

casualcas落下+ual形容词:落下来谁会关心啊:漠不关心的, 冷淡的

 

 

第三段

All of this caused a crisis of confidence.

所有一切导致一种信心危机

Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. take sth for granted想当然,理所应当..

美国人不在繁荣想当然的事。

They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well.

他们开始相信他们的经营(的)方法失败的(他们的经营方法不当),因此他们的收入不久开始下降

The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline.       

80年代中期开始对美国工业衰退的原因一次又一次的调查

Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.

有时他们耸人听闻的调查充满着 关于对 来自于海外竞争日益增长的警告

 

重点词汇:                                 

confidence信心(con强调+fid相信+ence

confide委托, 信赖,吐露(秘密, 心事等)con强调+fid相信:相信才向人吐露)

They began to believe that他们开始相信

one inquiry after another一次又一次的调查

bring into开始对

sensational轰动的, 群情激动的 sensation激动, 轰动+al的:轰动的, 群情激动的)

sensation感觉,激动(sens感觉+ation:有感觉的人才会激动)

be filled with充满着

 第四段

How things have changed!

现在情况已经改变了!

In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been  .

1995年美国可以回顾过去5稳步的增长日本已经步履维艰

Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle.

很少有美国人把这仅仅归因于如此明显的原因贬值的美圆商业周期轮回

Self doubt has yielded to blind pride.

自我怀疑屈服与(被取代)盲目的骄傲

"American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick witted," according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government.

美国工业已经改变了它的机构,已经开始节食 已经学会了 得更加灵活机智 ,根据

Richard Cavanagh,哈佛大学肯尼迪行政学院执行院长                                                                                                                                               

 "It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity," says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think tank in Washington, DC.

看到我们经济如此提高他们的生产力,使我为自己是一个美国人而感到骄傲,华盛顿特区的一个智囊团加图研究院Stephen Moore

And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as "a golden age of business management in the United States."

哈佛大学商学院William Sahlman相信人们将来回顾这个时期时,会把它当作美国企业管理黄金时期。

 

本段重点词汇: 

look back回顾

solid growth稳步的增长

attribute归因于,归咎于(at强调+tribut给予一再给过去”——归因于,归咎于)

obvious明显的, 显而易见的(ob强调+ vi看)+ ous形:强调地去看---明显的

on a diet吃规定的饮食

Harvard Business School哈佛大学商学院

business management企业管理

a think tank一个智囊团

Institute研究院(in  stit放,设立  ute动词后缀:在里面建立)

executive dean执行院长

 

51. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because ________.(定位第一段)

51. 第二次世界大战之后,美国取得了霸主地位,因为.

[A] it had made painstaking痛苦的 efforts费力 towards this goal美国为实现这个目标付出了艰苦努力

[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before 美国的国内市场比战前市场大了八倍

[C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors第二次世界大战摧毁了大多数潜在竞争对手的经济

[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce劳动力had given an impetus(推动)to its economy美国劳动大军的无与伦比的规模促进了经济的发展

A文章说的是long and effortless,不是painstaking efforts 艰苦的怒力 正反混淆

B文章说的是any competitor  不是bofore  偷换感念

D文章说的是unparalleled economies of scale.不是workforce 偷换感念

 

2. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested(证明的清楚表示) in the fact that(因事实)the American ________.(定位第二段)

20世纪80年代,美国失去了在世界经济中的优势,美国的事实证实了这一状况。

[A] TV industry had withdrawn(撤退)to its domestic market电视产业已经退回到国内市场

[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over(接管; 接替)by foreign enterprises(公司)半导体产业已被外国公司所取代

[C] machine-tool industry had collapsed (崩溃)after suicidal actions机床产业在自我毁灭后倒闭

[D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market汽车制造业失去了部分国内市场

A文章说的是 Now there is none一个都没有了,不是withdrawn(撤退)偷换感念

B文章说的是was going to be the next casualty. 不是已经接管偷换感念

C文章说的是machine-tool industry was on the ropes. 不是崩溃 

 

3. What can be inferred from the passage? 53. 从本文我们可推知什么?

[A] It is human nature人性to shift between self-doubt and blind pride. 在缺乏信心和盲目骄傲之间来回转变是人的本性。

[B] Intense强烈的competition may contribute to economic progress. 激烈的竞争可能促进经济的进一步发展。

[C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation. 经济的复苏依赖于国际间的合作。

[D] A long history of success may pave the way for further development. 长期成功的历史可能为进一步的发展铺平道路。

A文章说的是Self doubt has yielded to blind pride. 根本就没有提到human nature无中生有

C文章根本就没有提到international cooperation.  无中生有

D 文章说的是A history of long and effortless success   扩大范围了

 

4. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the ________.(定位第四段)

作者似乎认为:20世纪九十年代美国经济的复兴可能归因于.

[A] turning of the business cycl商业循环的转变

[B] restructuring of industry产业重组

[C] improved business management企业管理的改善

[D] success in education 教育方面的成功

B这都是盲目自信也就是批评restructuring of industry
C
文章说的是"a golden age of business management in the United States."不是improved business management 在说这也都是盲目自信也就是批评

D in education根本就没有提到  无中生有

 

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