1) This paper (article/thesis) presents (shows/ 

      expresses) …                   本文提出...

2) This paper (article) discusses (studies, concerns,

      deals with, tells of ) …  本文讨论（研究）...

3) This paper (article) introduces (reports, explains,

       analyses, emphasizes, summarizes) … 本文介绍

      （报告、解释、分析、强调、总结） ...

4）This paper (article) argues (demonstrates) …

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5）This paper(article) explores (probes into) …

             本文探讨...

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7）This paper includes(covers, touches on) …

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8）This paper aims to (aims at) …    本文旨在...

9）This paper focuses on…         本文集中研究...

10）This paper tries(attempts) to (makes an attempt to ) …                   本文试图...

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         本文对...作了比较（作了尝试性研究，作了简介）

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         本文探讨（综述、分析）...

13）This paper develops the theory of …

         本文发展了...理论

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          本文认为...是必要的（有用的）.

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         本文对...理论提出质疑（批评）.

17) This paper is presented as a counterargument of the paper by…

           本文是对...一文的质疑

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                    本文在...基础上揭示（例证）...

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