锅炉的化学监督_闪电快译

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锅炉的化学监督

(2006-12-15 12:50:56)

10  锅炉的化学监督
Boiler chemical supervision

10.1　锅炉化学监督的任务是：防止水汽系统和受压元件的腐蚀、结垢和积盐，保证锅炉安全经济运行。锅炉的水汽品质，应按GB12145 《火力发电机组及蒸汽动力设备水、汽质量标准》和《火力发电厂水汽化学监督导则》的规定执行。
The boiler chemistry supervision duty is: Prevented the water vapor system and the bearing part from corrosion, scaling and salt accumulation and guarantees the boiler security and economy of operation. The boiler water vapor quality, should be carried out according to GB12145 Thermoelectricity Generation Unit and Steam Power Equipment Water, Steam Quality Specifications and Thermal Power Plant Water Vaporizes Chemical Supervision Specifications.

10.2锅炉制造厂供应的管束、管材和部件、设备均应经过严格的清扫，管子和管束内部不允许有存水、泥沙和明显的腐蚀现象。其开口处均应用牢固的罩子封好。重要部件和管束，应采取充氮、汽相缓蚀剂等保护措施。安装单位应按SDJ68《电力基本建设火电设备维护保管规程》的规定进行验收和保管。锅炉正式投入生产前应做好停用保护和化学清洗、蒸汽吹扫等工作。
The tube banks, the tubing, the part and the equipment boiler factory supplied controls, should be subject strict clearing,  the interior of the pipe and tube banks is not allowed to have the water  storage, the silt and the obvious corrosion phenomenon. It opening place should be sealed with firm cover. The important part and tube banks, should adopt protective measures such as the nitrogen filling, vapor-phase corrosion inhibitor and so on. Installing unit is supposed to carry out the approval and the storage work according to SDJ68 Thermal Power Equipment Maintenance and Storage of Electric Power Infrastructure Construction Regulations Before the boiler is official service ,stop using protection and chemical cleaning, the steam clearing and so on works should be well conducted.
管束、管材及设备部件封闭的密封罩，在施工前允许开启。
Sealing covers of tube banks tubing and the equipment component is allowed to open before the construction.
10.3汽包内部汽水分离装置和清洗装置出厂前应妥善包装、保管和防护，并应采取措施，防止运输途中碰撞变形或遭雨淋而发生腐蚀。
Steam disengaging and purifier devices in the steam drum before leaving the plant should be in proper pack, storage and protection, and should take measures, to prevent colliding distortion in transportation or suffer corrosion from rain drench .
10.4锅炉部件制造完毕进行部件（组件）水压试验后，应将存水排净，采取清理防腐措施。
After the manufacture of boiler part and the part (module) the hydraulic pressure test, water storage should be cleared up and anticorrosion measure should be taken.
10.5 禁止锅炉上质量不符合标准要求的水。不具备可靠化学水处理条件时，禁止锅炉启动。
Water not to conform to the standard request is forbidden to use in the boiler. When the reliable chemistry water treatment conditions don’t exist, start up of the boiler is forbidden.
10.6 额定蒸汽压力为9.8MPa以上的锅炉整体水压试验时，应采用除盐水。水质应满足下列要求：
a)氯离子含量小于0.2mg/L；联氨或丙酮
b)含量为200-300 mg/L;
c) pH 值为10~10.5( 用氨水调节)
Overall hydraulic pressure test of the boiler with the fixed steam pressure 9.8MPa above , should use demineralized water. The water quality should satisfy the following requirements:
a) The chloride ion content is smaller than 0.2mg/L; The hydrazine or acetone
b) The content is 200-300 mg/L;
c) The pH value is 10~10.5(adjust with ammonia water)
10.7 新装的锅炉应进行化学清洗，清洗的范围按SDJJS03《电力基本建设热力设备化学监督导则》的规定执行。
The newly installed boiler should be subject to chemical cleaning; the clean Scope is referred to SDJJS03 Electric Power Infrastructure Construction Thermal Energy Equipment Chemical Supervisions Directions
过热器整体清洗时，应有防止垂直蛇形管产生汽塞、铁氧化物沉淀和奥氏体腐蚀的措施。未经清洗的过热器、再热器应进行蒸汽加氧吹洗。
Measures should be taken to prevent the vertical snake tube from steam binding, iron oxide depositing, and austenite corrosion when superheater is cleaned. The uncleaned superheater, reheater should have oxygenated blowwash.
锅炉经化学清洗后,一般还应进行冷态冲洗和热态冲洗。
The boiler after chemical cleaning, generally also should have cold washing and hot washing.
新建锅炉化学清洗后即应采取防腐措施，并尽量可能缩短至锅炉点火的间隔时间，一般不应超过20天。
Anticorrosion measures should be taken immediately after the newly-built boiler chemical cleaning and the boiler ignition time interval should be reduced as much as possible, generally the time should not surpass 20 days.
10.8 锅炉停用备用时，应按SD233《火力发电厂停（备）用热力设备放锈蚀导则》采取有效的保护措施。采用湿法防腐时，冬季应有防冻措施。
When the boiler is in stop use or spare use, effectively protective measures should be taken according to SD233Thermal power plant Anticorrosion Directions of Thermal energy Equipment in Stop or Spare use. When using the aqueous anticorrosion, frost proof measures should be taken in winter.
锅炉安装、试运行阶段应按SD JJS03《电力基本建设热力设备化学监督导则》的规定做好各项工作：
a) 建立加药、排污及取样等监督制度；
b) 保持正常的锅内、炉外水工况；
c)  健全锅炉化学监督的各项技术管理制度和各种技术资料；
d)  进行热化学试验和汽水系统水质查定；
e) 努力降低汽水损失。
All preparation work could be done according to SD JJS03 Electric Power Infrastructure Construction Thermal Energy Equipment Chemical Supervision Directions at the sage of boiler installment and trial running.
a) Establish supervision system of filling medicine, dumping waste and sampling and so on; b) maintain the normal water operating condition in the boiler and outside the stove
c) Perfect kinds of technical management system and technical data of the boiler chemical supervision;
d) Conduct thermochemistry experiment and the steam system water quality check;
e) Try to reduce the steam loss.
10.10 水汽取样装置探头的结构型式和取样点位置应保证取出的水、汽样品具有足够的代表性，并应经常保持良好的运行状态（包括取样水温、水量及冷却器的冷却能力），以满足仪表连续监督的需要。
Structure pattern and sampling position of the water vapor sample device poke head should guarantee the water and the steam sample taken out have enough representation, and should frequently be kept in good running status (including sample water temperature, water volume and chiller cooling capacity), meeting the needs which the measuring appliance continuously supervises.
10.11 锅炉采用喷水减温时，减温水质量应保证减温后的蒸汽钠离子、二氧化硅和金属氧化物的含量均符合蒸汽质量标准。
water cooling quality should make sure that steam sodium ion, silicon dioxide and metal oxide compound content after cooling conform to the steam quality standard when the boiler useing water spraying coiling.
10.12 饱和蒸汽中所含盐类在过热器管内聚集会影响过热器安全运行，必要时应安排过热器反冲洗。
Gathering of salt contained in the saturated steam could influence superheater safe operation, when necessary, counter- flushing of the superheater should be arranged.
10.13 运行锅炉化学清洗按SD135〈火力发电厂锅炉化学清洗导则〉规定执行，　应定期割　　　　　　　　管检查受热面管子内壁的腐蚀、结垢、积盐情况。当受热面沉淀物（按酸洗法计算）达到表９的数值时，或锅炉化学清洗间隔时间超过表９中规定的极限值时，应安排锅炉的化学清洗。以重油作燃料的锅炉和液态排渣炉，按高一级蒸汽参数标准要求。
To conduct boiler chemical cleaning, please accord to SD135 Thermal Power
Plant Boiler Chemical Cleaning Directions and regularly shear the tube to inspect the heating surface pipe corrosion, scaling, salt gathering situation.
表９　锅炉化学清洗间隔 Time interval of boiler chemical cleaning
锅炉类型Boiler Type 工作压力Working pressure
ＭＰａ沉淀物Settling
ｇ／ｍ２清洗间隔Cleaning Interval
年Year

汽包锅炉Drum Boiler ＜５．８８６００～９００１２～１５
５．８８～１２．６４４００～６００１０
≥１２．７３００～４００６
直流锅炉Monotube Boiler ２００～３００４
采用酸洗法进行锅炉化学清洗时，应注意不锈钢部件（如节流图、温度表套、汽水取样装置等）的防护，防止不锈钢的晶见腐蚀。
when using acid cleaning to conduct the boiler chemical cleaning, attention should be paid to protect stainless steel part (for example throttle chart, thermometer wrap, steam sample device and so on) and prevent intergranular corrosion.
对于额定蒸汽压力大于５．９ＭＰａ的锅炉，在系统设计时应考虑：
ａ）清洗设备的安装场地和管道接口；
ｂ）清洗泵用的电源；　
ｃ）废液排放达到合格标准应具备的设备和条件。
As for boiler fixed steam pressure bigger than 5.9 M P a the following should be taken into consideration when designing the system:
a) Clean the equipment installment location and pipeline connection;
b) Power source for scavenging pump
c) Equipment and condition that the waste liquid discharging needs to achieve the qualified standard.
10.14 为防止锅炉酸性腐蚀，当锅水pH 值低于标准时，应查明原因采取措施。凝汽器在有泄漏时应及时消除，并密切注意给水水质。
In order to prevent the boiler from sour corrosion, when the water pH value is lower than the standard, reasons should be verified and measures should be taken. When the condenser is leaking it should promptly be handled, and the close attention should be given the water quality.
   一旦发现水冷壁向火侧内壁有腐蚀迹象时，应采取预防进一部发展为氢脆的措施。
Once the corrosion sign of water cooling wall fire side is founded, measures should be taken to prevent development for the hydrogen embrittlement.
10.15 胀接锅炉锅水的游离NaOH含量，不的超过总含量（包括磷酸盐）的20%。为了防止锅炉的碱性腐蚀，当采取协调磷酸盐处理时，锅水钠离子与磷酸盐根离子的比值，一般应维持在2.5~2.8。
The bulging boiler drifting NaOH content should not surpasses the total content (including phosphate) 20%. In order to prevent the boiler from alkalinity corrosion, when coordinating the parkerising, the boiler water sodium ion and the phosphate root ion ratio, generally should maintain at 2.5~2.8.

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