加载中…情态动词的推测性用法
(2010-12-23 12:18:36)
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杂谈 |
1.
按可能性程度的高低可以将这些情态动词分成三档：
1）
2）
3）
Uncertain
might / may / could / can /should / ought to /
would / will / must
在运用时要把握猜测语气强弱，选择恰当情态动词。
They should / ought to be home by now. 他们现在该到家了。
They would be home by now.他们现在大概到家了。
They will be home by now.
估计他们现在已经到家了。
They nust be home by now. 他们现在一定到家了。
They will have arrived by now. 估计他们现在已经到家了。
—Are you coming to Jeff's party?
—I'm not sure. I ________go to the concert instead.
A. must
B. would
C. should
D.might
本题中的猜测没有客观依据。说话人对是否会去参加聚会还没拿定主意，去听音乐会也仅仅是有可能而已。因此，应选语气最弱项，答案为D。
2.对现在或将来的猜测，用“情态动词+do”的形式；对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行猜测，用“情态动词+be doing”的形式。
He may/ might come tomorrow.明天他可能会来。
The man with the umbrella will be the Prime Minister.
Sorry to be late. You will have been waiting for some time.
He may/ might be waiting for you now.他可能正在等你。
He may/ might be waiting for you when you get there tomorrow.明天你到那里时，他可能会在等着你。
3.对过去或已发生的情况进行猜测，用“情态动词+have done”的形式；对过去进行或现在完成进行的情况进行猜测用“情态动词+have been doing”的形式。
He may/ might have arrived in Beijing by now.现在他可能已到达北京了。
He might have been waiting for you when you phoned him.你给他打电话时，他可能已在等你了。
4. 表示否定的猜测时can't / couldn't语气最强，指“不可能”；may / might not语气最弱，意思是“可能不”。
5.在特定的语境中，一些“情态动词+ 不定式完成体”不再对一件事情是否发生进行猜测，而是对已发生的事表达自己的看法。
ought to/ should have done本该做（却未做）
oughtn't to/ shouldn't have done本不该做（却做了）
might / could + have done 本来可以，差点就要
You might have killed yourself.
你差点儿送了命。
You might have phoned me, though you were busy then.你再忙也该给我打个电话。
He could have caught the early bus, but he was
delayed by helping a stranger.他本能够赶上早班车；他是因为帮一个陌生人而晚点的。
would(not) have done本想做（却没做）/本不想做（却做了）
I would have helped you, but I was too busy.我本想帮你，可我太忙了。
参考资料：
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[3] （英）汤姆逊，（英）马丁内特文. 牛津实用英语语法（第四版） [M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1999.
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