动词的过去分词与完成时态08-12-21

            张西老师13146577894

一、动词的过去分词用在现在完成时和过去完成时中。

（1）它表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果。

常与already（已经）, yet（还）, just（刚刚）, ever（曾经）, never（从来没有过）, before（以前） so far（至今为止）,in one’s life（终生）连用。already用于肯定句和一般疑问句中，即可放在have/has与过去分词之间，又可放在句末。Yet用于疑问句和否定句句末。Before，  so far ，  in one’ s life 放在句末。(just  ever  never)放在 have/has和过去分词的中间。in the past 2 years在过去的二年

如：I  have already finished my homework.       I haven’t finished my homework yet.

    Have you finished your homework yet ?       Yes ,I have.  No,  I haven’t.  

He has ever broken windows before.         He has never broken windows before.

      Has he ever broken windows before?    Yes ,he has. No ,he hasn’t.

They have just left home for school.  How many songs has she learned so far?

      I have never seen such a beautiful mountains in my life.

（2）现在完成时还表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，延续到现在，与 for three days(三天时间)，since last year(自从去年)， ever since1996（自从1996 年），同时动词要用延续动词。

Leave-be away,  come back-be back , come here-be here,  go out-be out,  go there-be there  begin( start)-be on,  finish-be over,  join-be in,  die-be dead,  open-be open,  close-be closed  borrow-keep,  buy-have,  get to know-know

如：My father has left here for a month..___My father has been away from here for a month..          

    I have come back for a week._____ I have been back for a week.

She has come here since yesterday.____ She has been here since yesterday.        

They have gone out since a year ago.____ They have been out since a year ago.

He has gone to Beijing for 3 years.____ She has been in Beijing for 3 years.   

This film has begun since this morning._____ This film has been on since this morning.

The meeting has finished since we arrived at the office.______

The meetinting has been over since we arrived at the office.  

He and I have joined the army since we were 18 years old.______

He and I have been in the army since we were 18 years old.

My dog has died for 5 years.____ My dog has been dead for 5 years.     

\This shop has opened since 1990._____ This shop has been open since 1990.

Lily has bought this bike since she came here._____ Lily has had this bike since she came here.

We have borrowed this book for ten minutes._____ We have kept this book for ten minutes.

This shop has closed ever since last week.______ This shop has been closed ever since last week.  

She started to teach for20 years .____ She has taught for 20 years.

（3）have /has been to somewhere=have/has ever been to somewhere 曾经去过某地

    have/has never been to somewhere（从来没去过某地）    

    have/has gone to somewhere（已经去了某地，现在没回来）

have/has been in somewhere for an hour (since a year ago)（已经在某地多久了）

如：I have (ever)been to Xian twice.（我曾去过西安两次。）

How many times have you been to Xian?               

     She has gone to that park.（她已经去那个公园了。）

     They have been in that city for one month..（他们已经在那座城市一个月了。）

     How long have they been in that city ? 

     He has been in Guangzhou since one month ago.（自从一个月之前他就在广州了。）

     How long has he been in Guangzhou? 

     We have never been to Beijing.（我们从来没去过北京。）

  二、过去分词还用过去完成时中，它的构成是 had +过去分词。

   When we got there , the train had left.    By the end of the match ,they had cicked two goals. 

   By last week ,he had written two letters.     He said he had seen that bird already.