定语从句与高考考点
综观多年来高考英语单项填空题,我们不难发现,高考的改革方向由原来的单纯对语法知识的测试转向对语言运用能力的测试,突出在交流中考查语法。考生必须根据语境的提示,在基本的情景中分析问题和解决问题,这就要求考生除了要具备扎实的英语基本功,对词汇、句法、时态等语法概念的了解外,还须懂得如何将语法知识融会贯通,灵活运用。现依据《英语教学大纲》和《考试大纲》,参照历年高考试题内容,对定语从句进行归纳,找出规律,指出解题思路和方法,并配上有针对性的练习,以达到提高学生的英语水平和高考英语单项填空题的应试能力。
一、高考试题精选与解析
1. Carol said the work would be done by October, ________ personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
2. The result of the experiment was very good, ________ we hadn't expected.
A. when B. that C. which D. what
解析: 第1题选D。which修饰整个句子, 而且是非限制性定语从句,关系代词用which;第2题选C。语法解析与第1题相同。
二、有关定语从句的注意点
1. that 与which之间的区别:
that和which一般可互换,但在下面情况下常用that引导定语从句。(如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语,可省略)
a.先行词是不定代词,如all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等。例如:
Finally, the thief handed everything ________ he had stolen to the police.
A. which B. what
C. whatever D. that
Everything (that) he said seemed quite reasonable. 他所说的每件事似乎都很有道理。
b. 先行词被不定代词修饰,如all, any, every, few, little, no, some等。例如:
You can take any toy that you like. 你可以拿走你喜欢的任何玩具。
c. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。例如:
The first thing (that) I saw will never be forgotten.我看到的第一件事情永远不会被忘记。
This is the most difficult thing that I have ever gone through so far. 这是我到目前为止经历过的最困难的事情。
d. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰。例如:
This is the last thing (that) I want to do. 这是我最不想做的事情。
e. 先行词既有人又有物时。例如:
They are talking about the things and persons (that) they can remember in that country. 他们正在谈论他们所能够记起的那个国家的人和事。
2. 定语从句中的省略问题:
关系代词的省略。除了在从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略外,省略也存在于以下情况中:
a. 关系代词that / which在there be句型中充当主语时。例如:
The number of motorcycles (that /which) there are in Shangyu is simply surprising. 上虞拥有的摩托车的数量是惊人的。
b. 关系代词在定语从句中作系动词的表语时。例如:
What great changes! It is not the city (that) it was ten years ago. 多么巨大的变化啊!这已经不是十年前的那个城市了。
定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句55题2005年10月11日星期二
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. _____ is known to the world, China’s Liu Xiang became the first Asian in history to win the men’s 110m hurdles at the Olympic Games.
A. That B. Which C. As D. It
2. Living in the Central American desert has its problems, _____ obtaining water is not the least.
A. of which B. for what C. as D. whose
3. I don’t know the reason _____ you were absent from the meeting, but I am sure that someone will tell me the reason _____ you haven’t told me.
A. why; that B. that; why
C. because; which D. of which; that
4. When she came back from abroad, Lucy told us about the cities and the people _____ she had visited.
A. that B. who C. where D. which
5. Because of the traffic jam _____ I was caught, I was late for the meeting.
A. by which B. in which C. that D. where
6. There are three things _____ make Sydney famous ? its beautiful harbor, the Sydney Harbor Bridge and the Sydney Opera House.
A. what B. that C. when D. where
7. The painter lived more than a decade in Europe, _____ he could be in close touch with other artists.
A. where B. how C. when D. which
8. The soldiers had to sleep in their wet clothes, _____ most uncomfortable.
A. which I think it was
B. which I think was
C. which I think
D. that I think was
9. The humans are destroying nature day by day, _____ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.
A. who B. when C. where D. which
10. He knew the files could be of help to _____ took over the job.
A. whoever B. whomever C. whatever D. whosever
11. _____ China got the second place in the 2004 Olympic Games made the whole nation very excited.
A. Whenever B. Whether C. If D. That
12. An idea occurred to me _____ I might turn to my English teacher for help.
A. which B. that C. where D. when
13. _____ was of little importance.
A. Whether he passed the examination or not
B. No matter he might pass the examination
C. He might pass the examination
D. What he passed the examination
14. The thick smog covered the whole city. It was _____ a great black blanket had been thrown over it.
A. that B. because C. as if D. even if
15. Word came from Mr. Smith _____ he could arrive on the following Saturday.
A. about which B. that C. whether D. of which
16. It was the belief _____ Alex Haley could find his “root” in Africa _____ made him decide to go to Gambia.
A. that; where B. where; that
C. that; that D. how; which
17. I believe _____ you’ve done your best and _____ things will improve very soon.
A. whether; that B. 不填; that
C. that; which D. if; that
18. _____ was known to them that Bob had broken his promise _____ he would give them a rise.
A. What; what B. It; which
C. As; that D. It; that
19. _____ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.
A. For now B. Since that
C. Now that D. By now
20. I have been keeping the portrait _____ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my childhood in Paris.
A. since B. where C. as D. if
21. _____ he was, he sat up late studying last night.
A. As tired B. Though tired
C. Tired as D. Tired although
22. --- Would you like a cigarette?
--- No. It’s several years _____ I gave up smoking.
A. after B. since C. when D. before
23. My favorite room is the tidy study with a fireplace, _____ we can watch TV and enjoy the nice scenery outside.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
24. It is an interesting story and one can’t put it down _____ one has finished reading it.
A. after B. when C. unless D. until
25. --- Will you go to Mary’s birthday party?
--- No. _____ invited, I can’t go. I’ll be too busy then.
A. If B. Unless C. Even if D. When
26. Actually, girls can be _____ they want to be just like boys, whether it is a pilot, an astronaut, or a general manager.
A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whoever
27. No sooner had they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre _____ the curtain went up.
A. than B. when C. before D. as soon as
28. We’ll start off as we planned _____.
A. no matter he will come or not
B. no matter whether he will come or not
C. whether is he coming or not
D. whether he comes or not
29. To my delight, there was my purse in the back seat of the taxi, _____ the driver couldn’t possibly have seen it before.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
30. They wouldn’t let their cat outside _____ it would get run over.
A. otherwise B. supposing
C. for fear that D. so that
31. I’ll go to the party with you _____ you don’t wear those strange trousers.
A. on condition that B. as soon as
C. as though D. in this case
32. I like the city, but I like the country better _____ I have more friends there.
A. so that B. in that
C. so as to D. in order that
33. The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things _____ to teach you the art of learning.
A. than B. rather than C. nor D. as
34. You may use my room as you like, _____ you clean it up afterwards.
A. so far as B. as well as
C. as soon as D. so long as
35. I shall take you back to France _____ you are well enough to travel.
A. presently B. quickly C. directly D. at once
36. Let’s talk all this over again _____ we make a final decision.
A. after B. while C. before D. when
37. Mr. Smith wanted to buy the house and he told me that _____ the house cost, it would be _____ it.
A. however; worth B. how much; worth
C. whatever; worth D. what; worthy
38. --- Why didn’t you try your best to get on the bus?
--- I tried to, but _____ I could it started moving.
A. until B. when C. before D. after
39. Perhaps _____ most separates the successful people from others is _____ they live on purpose.
A. what; that B. that; what
C. that; that D. what; what
40. I had not been reading for half an hour _____ I heard steps outside.
A. when B. that C. while D. as
41. The parents were worried about their daughter because nobody was aware of _____ she had gone.
A. to which B. the place which
C. the place D. where
42. --- They don’t have much in their house yet.
---_____ they’re planning to live here only until Bob gets his degree, they don’t want to buy much furniture.
A. While B. Although C. Since D. As far as
43. It was an unforgettable moment for all the citizens this year, _____ in 20 years China’s women’s volleyball team won the Olympic gold medal again.
A. that B. which C. when D. while
44. --- Do you know _____ Mr. Black’s address is?
--- He may live at No. 18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
45. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly _____ he wants.
A. what B. which C. when D. that
46. I’ll see you after the show and give you $20 for the tickets, or _____ much they cost.
A. whatever B. whether C. no matter D. however
47. We should be able to do the job for you quickly, _____ you give us all the necessary information.
A. in case of B. provided that
C. or else D. as if
48. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, _____ something occurred, which attracted my attention.
A. unless B. until C. when D. while
49. Determination is a kind of quality --- and that is _____ it takes to do anything well.
A. that B. which C. why D. what
50. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _____ he can walk correctly and safely.
A. when B. where C. which D. how
51. Many policemen on duty will not be able to spare one minute to watch the football match, _____ they might only be meters away from the action.
A. because B. although C. if D. where
52. After five hours’ drive, they reached _____ they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of.
A. that B. where C. which D. what
53. _____ you keep on trying, I don’t really mind whether you can come out top in your class.
A. So long as B. As soon as
C. Once D. The moment
54. There is no doubt _____ China is always trying to keep world peace and against any war.
A. that B. whether C. if D. when
55. There is a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck, out of _____ mouth tea is supposed to come.
A. which B. that C. its D. whose