Lesson 88 Trapped in a mine 

Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. However, rescue operations are proving difficult. If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours.As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives. Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart.

困在矿井里

6个人被困在矿井里已有17个小时了。如果不把他们尽快救到地面上来，他们就有可能丧生。然而，事实证明营救工作非常困难。如果用炸药爆破，震动会引起矿顶塌落。因此，营救人员在矿井的北侧钻了一个洞。他们准备用一种特制的容器把这6个人救上来。如果不是因为土壤下面有一层坚硬的岩石，他们的营救工作仅用几个小时就可以完成了。实际情况是，他们已连续钻了16个小时了，但离钻透还早着呢。与此同时，两个小时以前放下井去的一只麦克风使井下的人可以与其亲属保持联系。虽然他们的食物和饮料都快消耗尽了，但这些人的心情很好，坚信他们很快就会出去。他们一直被告知营救工作进行得非常顺利。如果他们知道了钻透那坚硬的岩石有多么困难，他们会丧失信心的。

课堂笔记

1．trap

捕动物的器具或陷阱

a mouse-trap老鼠夹

a fly-trap捕蝇夹

lay/set up a trap for...设置捉.......陷阱

caught in a trap落入陷阱

The thieves were caught in a police trap窃贼落入警方的陷阱

圈套，诡计

You fell right into my trap.你恰恰中了我的计

Is this question a trap?这个问题是不是个圈套？

羁绊，困境

For some women,marriage is a trap.

对于一些妇女来说，婚姻是一种羁绊。

v.陷入困境

Help! I'm trapped.Open the door!救命啊，我出不来了。开门！

They were trapped in the burning hotel.他们被困在着火的旅馆里。

trap sb into sth/doing sth 用计捕捉某人或使某人上当

I was trapped into telling the police all I knew.

我中计了，把所有知道的一切全告诉了警察。

（2）mine

矿井，巷道，水雷

a mine of information about/on sb/sth知识的宝库；信息的源泉

My grandmother is a mine of information about our family's history

我的祖母是我们家史的资料库。

（3）lose one's life丧生

     save one's life救命

（4）rescue operations are proving difficult...事实证明营救工作非常困难

prove 之后带形容词（有时也可以是名词）时表示“证明是”、“结果是”：

His operation proved successful.

他的手术很成功。

What he had told us proved false.

他对我们所说的原来是假的。

（5） collapse vi.

（1）倒塌：

The whole building collapsed

整个建筑倒塌了。

With no one to repair it, the old church collapsed long ago.

由于无人维修，那座老教堂早就倒塌了。

（2）（因精疲力竭等）倒下；（身体等）垮掉：

After many years' hard work, my mother's health collapsed.

由于多年的辛苦劳动，我母亲的身体垮了。

He had run more than forty miles As soon as he was out of danger, he collapsed.

他已经跑了四十多英里路了。他刚脱离危险便（累得）倒下了。

（3）晕倒（因病，累）

He collapsed in the street and died on the way to hospital.

他在大街上晕倒，在送往医院的途中死去。

（6）Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. 因此，营救人员正在矿井的北侧钻一个洞。

therefore 表示“因此”、“所以”等。它是副词，所以它既可以独立使用，也可以位于动词或形容词前。so 表示“因此”、“所以”时通常是连词：

The new flat is larger and therefore more expensive.

这套新房子（比原先的）要大些，因此比较贵。

His parents gave him some money, and he was therefore able to buy a car.

他的父母给了他一些钱，所以他能买得起一辆车。

His parents gave him some money, therefore, he was able to buy a car.

（译文同上，therefore 前后都可以有逗号，so 后面通常不用逗号）

We arrived early, so we got good seats.

我到得早，因此我们找到了好座位。（so 表示“所以”、“因此”时不放在动词前）

（7）intend意欲，打算，本意

It's not what I intended.那并不是我的本意。

I intended to do it，but I am sorry I forgot.

我本有意想去做的，但是很遗憾我忘记了。

(8)capsule

(金属或橡皮等做的)瓶帽、管盖、封壳, 包套; 容器

胶囊

（9）beneath在......下方

They found the body buried beneath a pile of leaves

他们一堆树页下面发现了那具尸体。

对（某人）来说不值

He considers such jobs beneath him.他认为做这样的工作有失身份。

（10）If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. 如果不是因为土壤下面有一层坚硬的岩石，他们的营救工作仅用几小时就可以完成了。这是第3 类条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设。课文中还有第1类和第2 类条件句的例子，仔细体会它们的区别。

虚拟式的几种常见用法是：1． 第二类条件句，表示和现在事实相反的假设。条件句用动词的过去式，但be (包括There be) 各人称一律用were; 主句则用would +动词原形。

2． 第三类条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设；条件句用动词的过去完成时（had +过去分词）；主句则用would + have +过去分词。

3． wish 后的宾语从句如表示现在，其结构为：wish (that) + 动词过去式；在wish后的宾语从句如表示将来，其结构为：wish(that) + would do; 在wish 后的宾语从句如表示过去，其结构为：wish (that) + had done.

4． if only + were/was (+ present participle ) 或（had +past participle）表示遗憾的心情，与wish 用法相似。

5． as if/as though + were 或past tense form表示所说的不是事实。

6． 表示命令、建议的虚拟语气，即insist, demand, propose, suggest 等动词的宾语从句中，谓语动词的形式为should + 动词原形，助动词should 省略。

（11）as it is，实际上，事实上（也可以用as it was）。

I thought they would help us. As it was, they just sat there and looked on.

我以为他们会帮助我们。实际上他们却只是坐着旁观。

I promised to return the books yesterday. As it is, I won't be able to do so until next Monday.

我答应昨天还书的，但事实上我要到下星期一才能还。

(12)have a long way to go路还长着呢

You still have a long way to go if you wanna marry Susan.

（13）（1）enable 为及物动词，表示“使......能够”：

enable sb to do sth使人能做......

Training will enable you to find a job.

培训将使你找到工作。

前缀en-加在名词或形容词前可以使这个词成为动词，如endanger （危及，使遭受危险），enlarge（扩大，扩展，扩充），enslave（奴役，使成为奴隶），entrap（使......入陷阱/圈套，欺骗）。

（2）keep in touch with 表示“与......保持联系”，也可以用stay，get等其他动词：

Though he works in New York, he still keeps in touch with his friends in

London.

他虽然在纽约工作，但仍然与伦敦的朋友们保持联系。

George is in close touch with Ian.

乔治与伊恩联系密切。

Can you get in touch with the company?

你能与那家公司取得联系吗？

（14） run out of=use up用完，耗尽

We have used up all the paper.

我们把纸全用完了。

We have run out of all the paper.

与动词run 有关的短语

run 可以与不同的介词或副词搭配产生不同的含义。

（1）run out of 可表示“用完”、“耗尽”：

They are running out of food and drink.

他们的食物和饮料都快消耗尽了。

He has run out of money.

他的钱用光了。

（2）run after 表示“追赶”、“追逐”：

She ran through a forest after the two thieves.

她穿过森林，追赶那两个小偷。

Seeing that his sister was annoyed, he ran after her to apologize.当他发现他妹妹/姐姐生气时，他便追上去道歉。

（3）run over 的含义之一是“在......驶过/辗过”：

The car ran over a snake/his legs.

那车辗过一条蛇/他的双腿。

The cat was run over by a train.

那只猫被火车压死了。

（4）run in 的含义之一是“试车”、“试转（发动机等）”：

John is running his new car in.

约翰正在试他的新车。

Run in the engine before you start work.

在开始工作前，先试试发动机。

（5）run into 可以表示“偶然碰见”：

I ran into Mary and Jane in the flower shop.我在花店里碰见了玛丽和简。

He ran into the Sterlings while travelling in Italy.

他在意大利旅游时遇见了斯特林一家。

(15)cheerful兴高采烈的，精神振奋的

You are very cheerful today.你今天很快活。

confident in doing sth.有信心做.......

confident of sth确信......

We are confident of success.我们确信会成功。

（16）lose heart 为固定搭配，表示“丧失信心/勇气”、“泄气”、“灰心”：

The teacher told her students not to lose heart even if they didn't pass the exam.

那个老师告诉她的学生即使他们没通过考试也不要灰心。lose one's heart 丧失某人信心