加载中…Energy consuming countries to go low-carbon development model
(2011-09-15 12:00:44)
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杂谈 |
Energy consuming countries to go low-carbon development model
International Energy Agency recently declared that China has 2.252 billion tons of oil equivalent, surpassing the U.S. as the world's largest energy consumer. China's Energy Bureau of the thesis was denied on the grounds that the data is not credible. In response to the new situation of global climate change, energy consumption is a popular topic of concern, it goes without evaluation of the amount of U.S. energy consumption per capita is five times China's per capita, but also do not throw 10 years of total energy consumption is only half of the United States whether and when to become China's largest energy consumer. In China, two major challenges in 2020 fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to 85% lower than the key, while the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP than in 2005 dropped 40% to 45%. National Energy Board's realization of this path, one reasonable control of energy consumption, the second is the development of clean energy.
At present, China is in the stage of heavy chemical industrialization and urbanization accelerated phase, but also the largest energy demand growth, environmental pollution, the most serious stage. Increasing pressure on the international emission reduction, environmental issues have become increasingly prominent domestic context, China has been difficult for them to continue development of the western countries have gone through the "high consumption, high pollution" development model of industrialization in economic development must be vigorously implement energy-saving emission reduction and efficiency, or even out of a low-carbon economic development. Low-carbon economy with low power consumption, low emission, low pollution, based on its essence is to improve energy efficiency and create a clean energy structure, the core of technological innovation, system innovation and development of the concept of change.
China's low carbon economy will have a profound impact on the energy industry. Consumption structure in China's current terminal, coal accounted for the largest, followed by oil and electricity, natural gas accelerated. Although 2020 is still China's main coal energy, but wind power, solar and biomass energy as the representative of the new share will have greatly improved, including wind power, solar power (including solar photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation), tidal power generation.
After several years of rapid development, China's wind power and solar photovoltaic equipment manufacturing industry has made significant progress, the current production capacity and output have been ranked in the global forefront of the industrial supporting capacity gradually increased, the emergence of a number of independent brand and innovation capability of local enterprises.
Currently, the domestic machine manufacturing companies to enter the fan more than 80, the nominal annual capacity of more than 30 million KW, much higher than the two years 2008 and 2009 total installed capacity of domestic wind power, thus sparking a government and industry capacity of wind power equipment concern excess. But fans from development to mature, to go through product design, prototyping, small batch manufacturing and high-volume manufacturing four steps, according to foreign experience, from prototype to small volume manufacturing at least a year, and for lack of fan machine manufacturing experience in business, this phase may last longer. Coupled with domestic supply bottlenecks in wind turbine key components exist, the actual capacity of domestic wind turbine should be much lower than the nominal capacity, the market truly competitive business, including foreign-funded enterprises in China, including a total of less than 20.
The solar PV industry chain, including equipment manufacturing and photovoltaic power plant developer and operator of two parts. China's solar photovoltaic cell manufacturing is driven to rely on overseas markets and develop. From the second half of 2008, the financial crisis on the impact of overseas market starting to prove photovoltaic cells, corporate orders decreased reimbursement period lengthened. Led the parties to the domestic solar industry, especially the polysilicon overcapacity concerns. At present, China's solar energy industry overcapacity, mainly in the low efficiency of cell components and links, and high-purity polysilicon production is still in short supply, still imported from abroad. Resulting in much lower than the silicon part of the name of the actual production capacity comes from two main reasons, first polysilicon are chemical products, produced from the production line to reach the completion usually takes 1 to 2 years or more technology integration time, so that in many cases have been completed project's actual production is far below its design capacity; Second, the domestic part of the polysilicon enterprises due to technical reasons, the product purity is not high enough to meet European market needs of high-quality solar cells. The next few years, high-quality, stable production of polysilicon is still a large space for development.
In recent years, the Government has formulated a series of encouraging the development of new energy policies, in addition to all the new energy sources of electricity are applied in full online, share price and other policies, in 2005 specifically for wind power also introduced the "construction management on the requirements of wind power , "which clearly defines the wind power equipment localization rate to reach 70%, local production does not meet the requirements of the construction of wind farm construction allowed to import equipment tax according to Zhang. 2006 also provides that the wind power concession bidding: Each bidder must have a participation of wind power equipment manufacturers, and wind power equipment manufacturers to ensure supply in line with the tender to provide 75% of local production of wind turbine commitment letter.
Although the localization threshold policy in early 2010 was canceled, but the last few years in the localization policy support, the fan-funded and joint venture manufacturing enterprises have grown rapidly in 2007, the local fan manufacturers market share of over 50%. That the domestic wind power equipment manufacturing industry is driven by the rapid development of the policy together, yet experienced the baptism of the brutal competition in the market.
Wind power equipment manufacturing industry is pulling in the domestic market protection policy and the dual role of promoting the rapid development of an industry together, the current local machine manufacturing companies already have some of considerable size and market competitiveness, the policy focus should fall on the follow-up of key technologies R & D, personnel training, and supporting industry support, etc., gradually withdraw the support of firm-specific, so that market mechanisms fully involved, and machine manufacturing market will usher in the first round of shuffling, already have production capacity, quality, stability and a certain technological innovation capability of enterprises large space for development, while some of the whole enterprise will be integrated or face out.
At present, solar photovoltaic cells rely mainly on overseas markets and grew up in a spontaneous industry has experienced a market competition and survival of the fittest, although there is overcapacity, fierce price competition and fluctuations in demand in overseas markets and other issues, but if the Government in the light V R & D, personnel training, market demand and market competition environment to cultivate other aspects of optimizing the system can give support, equipment manufacturing is expected to enter a phase of rapid development.
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