Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气

1. 条件句中的虚拟语气

条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，真实条件句中的谓语动词用陈述语气。如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，其形式如下：

注意：主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称。

① 与现在事实相反的假设和结果

    If I were you, I should (would, could, might) tell him the truth.

    If he had time, he would (could, might) go with you.

② 与过去事实相反的假设和结果

    She would (could, might) have telephoned you immediately, if she had won the game.

    If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would (could, might) have met the 

    famous singer.

③ 与将来事实相反的假设和结果

    If it should rain, the crops would (could, might) be saved.

    If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out.

④ 主、从句的动作发生时间不一致的情况有时条件句中的动作和主句中的动作发

   生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。

     If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now.

     If you had practiced speaking English more, you would be able to speak it fluently.

2. 动词wish后的宾语从句的虚拟语气

① 对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）

    I wish that I knew the answer to the question .

    I wish it were raining in my hometown now.

② 对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）

    I wish(ed) that I hadn’t wasted so much time.

③ 对将来情况的虚拟，即表示将来不可能实现的愿望。从句用过去将来式。

       I wish she wouldn’t sing in the bath.

3. if only 句子的虚拟语气

If only引导的是省略了表示结果的主句的虚拟结构，现在已成为惯用法，表达愿望。从句用一般过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望；对过去没有实现或不能实现的愿望，从句就用过去完成式。这类句型表示一种不真实的条件，常译成：“要是…就好了”。

① If only I had taken my mother’s advice.

② If only I could speak several foreign languages

4. as if/ as though 引导的从句的虚拟语气

    as if /as though  可以引导一个状语从句，也可以引导一个表语从句。 当as if /as though跟在 be/feel/look/seem/sound等系动词之后时，引导的是表语从句;   如果主句的谓语动词不是系动词，as if/ as though 引导的则是方式状语从句。无论是哪种类型的从句，只要从句的内容是不真实的，都必须用虚拟语气。当从句表示与现在的事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式；表是与过去事实相反，要用过去完成式；表是与将来可能相反的则用would (could, might) +动词原形。

   ① I feel as if I were going to faint.

   ② She is crying as though/if she had gone through a terrible ordeal and were happy it 

       was over.

5. 在一些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词用动词原形或“should +动词原形 ”表示虚拟语气。这类动词有ask, demand, insist, order, propose, recommend, desire, require, suggest, urge等。  如：

① They demanded that the aggressor troops (should) be withdrawn immediately.

② Tom recommended that Jack take guitar lessons.

③ Jenny proposed that her whole family go to Brazil for a summer vacation.

   ④ Danny urged that his parents save enough money for a trip to China.

   ⑤ The teacher required that he (should) be there on time.

注意: ① insist 只有作“坚持认为（主张）”解时，用虚拟语气；作“坚持…事实

“解时，用适当时态。  如：

  Mike insisted that Tom should go with us.

   麦克坚持认为汤姆应该与我们一起去。

  Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.

   麦克坚持说他没有偷任何东西。

       ② suggest 作“建议”解时，用虚拟语气；作“表明、暗示”时，不用虚拟语

      气。

          I suggested that he (should) be discharged for his serious mistake.

          我建议，由于他犯有严重错误，应该解除他的职务。

          His expression suggests that he has had a good journey.

          他的表情表明他旅途很愉快。

6. 在和decision, demand, idea, necessity, plan, order, proposal, recommendation, suggestion, advice等词有关的同位语或表语从句中，谓语动词用动词原形或“should+动词原形“表示虚拟语气。   如：

① My idea is that the group (should) hold another session to discuss the problem.

② Danny’s parents came to the decision that everybody in the family spend as little as possible in order to save enough for a trip to China.

③ At the border, the guard gave the order that everyone wait in line until he checked their bags.

7. 在某些“It is +adj. +that…”句型中，如It is important (appropriate, necessary, essential, natural, desirable, unusual, strange) that…, that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词均用动词原形或 “should+ 动词原形”来表示虚拟语气。

① It is necessary that Tom take guitar lessons.

② It is appropriate that Tom take two hours of guitar lessons per week.

③ It is highly desirable that a new president be appointed for this college.

④ It is strange that the girl be so arrogant.

8. 有些固定短语、习语、简单句中，用动词原形表示虚拟语气。

① May you be happy!

② God bless you!

③ Peace be with you!

④ Long live our Motherland China!