加载中…【英语学习】traffic与transportation的区别——基于语料库的调查
(2012-01-27 18:06:49)
标签：
近义词柯林斯词典transportationtraffic词汇语法语料库 |
分类： 英汉翻译练笔 |
在网上搜索近义词traffic与transportation的区别，发现大部分解释还是不够清楚。以下是我通过Collins词典和当代美语语料库COCA的检索结果。希望能对各位有所帮助。看完之后，如果要你翻译：1.交通便利、2.交通补贴，3.交通拥堵，4.空运交通 这四个短语就会容易很多了吧……http://www/uc/myshow/blog/misc/gif/E___6743EN00SIGG.gif
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Transportation refers to any type of vehicle that you can travel in or carry goods in. (mainly AM; in BRIT, usually use transport) The company will provide transportation. Transportation is a system for taking people or goods from one place to another, for example using buses or trains. (mainly AM; in BRIT, usually use transport) Campuses are usually accessible by public transportation. Oxfam may also help with the transportation of refugees. |
Traffic refers to all the vehicles that are moving along the roads in a particular area. There was heavy traffic on the roads... traffic congestion. 【注】：traffic可指路面，特定区域的所有的交通行驶工具。 Traffic refers to the movement of ships, trains, or aircraft between one place and another. Traffic also refers to the people and goods that are being transported. Air traffic had returned to normal... The railways will carry a far higher proportion of freight traffic... see also air traffic control 【注】：traffic可指特定交通行驶工具两地移动。 Traffic in something such as drugs or stolen goods is an illegal trade in them. Traffic in illicit drugs was now worth some 500 thousand million dollars a year. The president said illegal drugs are hurting the entire world and anyone who traffics in them should be brought to justice. 【注】：traffic可指贩运（毒品、人口、走私） |
总的来说，Collins词典给出的词条解释还不够清楚，但起码可以明白的是：
1.traffic与transportation语义重合部分
2.traffic有动词含义，贩毒、人口，走私的含义，而transportation不具备此意义。
3.traffic特指交通状态是“拥挤、流畅等” transportation指的所有交通工具构成的体系。
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根据COCA语料库检索可以发现
transportation
搭配的名词：
department, board,
safety(二者相当)，system(traffic略少), secretary,
state, service,infrastructure, cost, authority,
energy, means,officials，committee, mode,
problem(二者相当)， bill, education,need, space,
access, cost, ground, center(traffic略少)
transportation搭配的形容词:
public,
national, regional, federal, metropolitan, mass,alternative,
available, personal, efficient, industrial,rural, hazardous,
entire, special, limited, united
分析解读：搭配的名词和形容词都体现出政府交通行政管理部门以及其语义场所属词汇（见斜体标识）。
transportation 搭配的动词:
provide, take,
use, include, cost, lodge, arrange,
support, need, commute, require,
serve,
分析解读：搭配的动词体现出与交通行政管理语义场配套的动词，比如提供、使用、安排、支持等都是与行政（见斜体标识）。
traffic搭配的名词
air, jam, control, congestion, highway,
safety(二者相当)，light,flow, street, road, accident, police, stop, lot,
controller, time, percent
population, truck, car, law, parking, hour,year, volume,
ticket
violation, information, sign, freeway, rush, sound, avenue, route,
night,
分析解读：搭配的名词体现出交通方式（air等）、交通工具通畅（jam,
control, congestion, highway, light flow,
accident)
traffic搭配的形容词
heavy, oncoming,
rush-hour, bad, light, increased, high, downtown, human,vehicular,
red, minor, blocking, busy, congested, passing, normal,slow,
distant, steady, narrow, terrible, sparse
分析解读：搭配的形容词体现出交通工具的通畅程度，与上述名词情况构成搭配（heavy,
oncoming, rush-hour, bad, light ,increased ,busy, blocking,
congested, passing, normal, slow, steady, narrow, terrible
,sparse)
traffic搭配的动词：
stuck, get, stop,
moving,caught, caused, slowed, beat, control, backed, drive,
hear
分析解读：搭配的动词体现出交通工具通畅，与上述名词、形容词构成搭配（stuck,
get, stop, moving, caught, caused, slowed, beat)
小结
语料库手段有助于学习者发现近义词搭倾向，从强搭配中发现英语母语者使用的程式语（formularic language）降低了“中国英语”不地道的概率。本文以transportation和traffic两个近义词为例，从COCA当代美语语料库中调查其搭配的名词、形容词和动词，发现：transportation的搭配语义接近于交通行政方面，倾向于宏观层面；traffic搭配的语义接近于路面可见的具体交通工具，倾向于微观层面。当然以上分析仅仅是以traffic和transportation本身以名词形式出现。通过语料库可以更加深入分析二者语义的各个层面，本文做抛砖引玉之作。如有引用，请注明出处。
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