音素—词汇—表达法—句子成分—段落—文章
注意:
主语的形式:名词,代词,the+形容词,the+分词,不定式,动名词,疑问句+不定式,For+
名词或宾格的代词+不定式(for him to study mathematics),介词短语(from eight
to tweleve),名词从句.
谓语:由简单动词或动词短语构成.(助动词或情态动词+主要动词) 英语中常用某些动词
名词代替表动态的位于动词,以表生动.
宾语的形式:基本和主语的形式一致.多了一个副词(My friend came from afar to see me)
表语:在系表结构中,联系动词只是形式上的谓语,真正起谓语作用的是表语,也可以说是
一种主语补语
补语的形式:名词,形容词或代用语,副词(my brother is out),分词
定语从句: 修饰名词,短语,从句,主句
状语从句: 修饰动词,分词,形容词,副词
名词可以充当:主语,宾语,主语补语(his father is a lawyer, he was elected President),宾语
补语(the class elected Jim its president.)
名词的代用词:动名词,代词,不定式,短语,从句
(主语和宾语)名词从句引导词:that, whether, if, who, whose, whom, which, what,
when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever.
动词可以充当:谓语
形容词可以充当:定语,补语,状语,表语,主语,感叹语
副词可以充当:状语,表语,定语,介词宾语,宾语补足语
副词可以修饰:动词(包括不定式,动名词,分词等动状词),形容词,副词,副
词短语,状语从句,修饰全句
介词词组可以充当:定语(须后置),状语,表语,宾补,另一介词的宾语,主语
介词的位置:1,动词+介词+名词,2,不及物动词+介词(往往构成及物动
词 at, for, from, into, of, to, with )
介词的宾语:名词,代词,形容词,副词(from here, till recently, from below),
动名词(on doing, in reading),不定式(),
不定式可以充当:主语,宾语,表语,宾语补足语,定语,状语, 不定式短语可以当作名
词短语,
动名词可以充当:主语,表语,动词宾语,介词宾语,定语,状语(放在介词后面,after getting
up,本身不能做状语)
分词可以充当:定语,表语,宾语补足语,状语(前面可以有连词,as if, though, whether)
前后相关的词性:前面:名词,连接副词,介词
后面:从句,名词,介词
连词:包含副词性连词,代词性连词,关系代词,关系副词,关系形容词(whose daughter, what
little),
难点: 1,主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语,主语+动词+间宾+直宾,后者可以改为to的形式;
The tailor made John a suit. =The tailor made a suit to John
2,反意疑问句;She learns French, doesn't she He had a letter from home, didn't you
第一大类:系表结构;不及物动词的主谓结构
1, English is a difficult language (for me to learn.) !!!
主语(名词)+系动词+表语(名词)+(等于不定式) 状语
(Winning first place 'in the speech contest') was (his special ambition.)
主语(动名词短语)+系动词+表语(名词短语) 等于倒装句
2,I have been dreaming (during the night.)
主语(代词)+谓语(不及物动词现在完成进行时态)+时间状语(介词短语)
3,I have fallen behind (in my class)
主语(代词)+谓语(不及物动词现在完成时态)+修饰副词+地点状语(介词词组)
4,It is dangerous (for me to drive a car.) =to drive a car is dangerous for me.
形式主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+真正主语(等同不定式短语)=名词
for me to drive a car is dangerous.
5, (To understand English) is not difficult.
主语(不定式短语)+系动词+表语(形容词)
(For him to study mathematics) is a waste of time
主语(等同不定式短语)+系动词+表语(名词词组)
This book is (of great value.) Of great value=形容词 !!!
主语(名词)+系动词+表语(介词短语)
6,I 'am tired (of' 'arguing with you')( all the time) !!!
主语(代词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+状语
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语+状语 老师
7,He 'was worried about' 'whether he passed the French examination.' !!!
主语(代词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+从句 "主+谓+宾语从句(连词引导)老师"
8,The lake is safe (to swim in)
主语(名词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+结果状语(不定式)
He is hesitant (to accept her proposal.)
主语(代词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+方式状语(不定式短语)
He was very happy (to see his mother taken good care of) at home.
主语(代词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+条件状语(不定式短语)
The writer is free (to work in whatever place and at whatever time "he chooses.")
主语(名词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+方式状语(不定式短语含定语从句修饰free)
She is (sad for you) (to have acted so rashly)
主语(代词)+系动词+表语(形容词短语)+原因状语(等同不定式短语)
She 'is apologetic (for' breaking the vase.) !!!
主语(代词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+原因状语(介词短语) 主谓宾 老师
He 'is blind to' his own mistake. !!!
主语(代词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+状语(介词短语) 主谓宾 老师
He 'felt shame (for' his daughter "to have told lies") !!!
主语(代词)+系动词 +表语(名词)+状语(等同不定式短语)
主谓宾+宾补 老师 系动词+形容词或形容词短语或名词短语=谓语
10,The rich are not always happier (than the poor.)
主语(名词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+状语(介词短语修饰happier)
11,To sleep soundly "is (a good preparation") (for tomorrow.) !!!
主语(不定式短语)+系动词+表语(名词)+定语(介词短语修饰preparation)
等同主谓结构
12,His hobby is (making model airplanes.)
主语(代词)+系动词+表语(动名词短语)
13,His hobby was (to collect autographs.)
主语(代词)+系动词+表语(不定式短语)
One "is to struggle for" one's living.
主语+谓语+宾语 老师 主系表-自认为
My idea is (to go there right today.)
主语+系动词+表语(不定式短语) 与上句比较.
14,He is a businessman (growing rich 'in recent years.')
主语(代词)+系动词+表语(名词)+定语(现在分词短语)
He is (the greatest writer) (alive.)
主语(代词)+系动词+表语(名词)+定语(形容词)
He is not the kind of man (to do such things.) !!! who may do such things
主语(代词)+系动词+表语(名词)+定语(不定式短语) (不定式短语=从句)
I "am convinced of" his honesty. !!!
主语(代词)+系动词+表语(形容词短语) 主谓宾 老师
15,He was then a teacher respected (who was respected) by all his students.
主语(代词)+系动词+副词+表语(名词)+定语(过去分词短语含介词短语)
16,They "are satisfied with" their present job. !!!
主语(代词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+状语 (介词短语) 主谓宾 老师
Ability is quite useless (without opportunity.)
主语(名词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+条件状语(介词短语修饰is)
He stood motionless for a few moments. 也能等同主谓状 老师
主语(代词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+状语(介词短语修饰stood)
17,The man (writing something at the desk) is my cousin.
主语(名词)+定语(分词短语)+系动词+表语(名词)
The man (waiting for a bus) is (the principal of our school.)
主语(名词)+定语(现在分词连介词短语)+系动词+表语(名词短语)
The room (facing the yard) is her study.
主语(名词)+定语(现在分词短语)+系动词+表语(名词)
The book (being studied) is a classical novel. !!!
主语(名词)+定语(过去分词短语)+系动词+表语(名词)
An old man (with some teeth missing) (was sitting) "under the tree."
主语(名词)+定语(介词短语)+谓语+状语
18,The desire (to succeed) is strong (in youth.)
主语(名词)+定语(不定式)+系动词+表语(形容词)+状语(介词短语)
Her promise (to write) was forgotten. 主谓被动语态 老师 !!!
主语(代词)+定语(不定式)+系动词+表语(形容词)
19,A friend (who helps you 'in time of need') is (a real friend.)
主语(名词)+定语从句+系动词+表语(名词)
20,He was the first (to come) and the last (to leave.)
主语(代词)+系动词+表语(名词)+定语(不定式短语)
20,He is (too poor) (to go abroad for further training.)
主语(代词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+结果状语(不定式短语修饰poor)
She was so naive (as to believe his words.) 副词as修饰后面不定式
主语(代词)+系动词+表语(形容词)+状语(不定式短语)
21,(An undutiful daughter) (will prove) (an unmanageable wife.)
主语(名词)+系动词+表语(名词)
22,Her regret is having done so much for him and being abandoned by him.
主语(代词)+系动词+表语(完成时态)+ 动名词(is)being abandoned
待整理:
The verdict appears (to be) just.
主语+系动词+表语(不定式)加强联系动词力量
I was so much surprised at it.
主语+系动词+表语(过去分词做形容词)+状语(介词短语)
I am very pleased with what he has done.
主语+系动词+表语(过去分词做形容词)+状语(介词短语)
They appear (out of breath.)
主语+系动词+表语(介词短语) 为什么
Are you going (to the station )
主语+谓语+状语(介词短语)
Are you sure (about the arrival time.)
主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+状语(介词短语)
We will be lucky (to get there before dark.)
主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+状语(不定式短语)
He had been in Germany for five years.
主语+系动词(过去完成时)+表语(介词短语)
My idea is (to go there right today.)
主语+系动词+表语(不定式短语)
Our dream has come true.
主语+系动词(现在完成)+表语(形容词)
He seems (to be working) very hard.
主语+系动词+表语(不定式短语)
She is not aware of your (being)动名词 so lazy. =He is not aware that you are so lazy.
主语+系动词+表语+状语(介词短语含动名词) 或主谓宾
He was scolded for (telling) a lie. =He was scolded because he had told a lie.
主语+谓语(被动)+状语(介词短语含动名词)
This picture is of his own painting.
主语(名词)+系动词+表语
He is (above telling) a lie. (他耻于说谎)
主语+系动词+表语(介词短语含动名词)
Her eyes were tired (from long reading.)
主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+状语(介词短语)
She sat up (reading) last night.
主语+谓语(不及物+介词)+主语补语(现在分词)
The child kept crying all night.
主语+系动词+表语(现在分词)主语补语
We are pleased (that much is changing in china for the better.)
主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+从句做宾语,或者主+谓+宾语从句(pleased后省略了at)
We are happy (to be part of this renewal process) (by what we teach our students.)
主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+宾语或原因状语(不定式短语)+状语(介词短语含从句
He is about to start for America.
主语+系动词+表语 主谓宾 不定式做介词的宾语
You (are to pay) your debt. 你应该还债 be动词+不定式
主语+系动词+表语 主谓宾
I should be happy (to be) of any service to you. =if I am of any service to you I should be happy.
主语+系动词+表语+状语(不定式)
He is (too ready to) criticize others. = He is very fond of criticizing others.
主语+系动词+表语+状语
Lincoln was born a poor farmer's boy and died President of United States.
主语+谓语+主语补语
He was taken for my brother.
主语+谓语+主语补语
The successful enterprise will go down (in local history) (as representing the best that our town
can do.) 主语+谓语+状语+主语补语
He was regarded (as very promising.)
主语+谓语+补语
第二大类:主谓结构 (不及物动词)
1,He kept waiting very long.
主语(代词)+谓语(不及物动词)+主语补语(现在分词短语)+时间状语
He came (running) into the room.
主语(代词)+谓语+主语补语(现在分词短语)+地点状语
He admitted (taking the watch.)
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(动名词) 与分词结构的对比,动名词经常后有宾语
2,A mouse ran (out) (from under the floor.)
主语(名词)+谓语+方位状语(副词)+地点状语(介词短语)
The sun rises (in the east.)
主语(名词)+谓语+方位状语(介词短语)
She left (shortly) after the meeting.
主语(代词)+谓语+副词(修饰介词短语)+时间状语(介词短语)
She grew up (to be a diplomat.)
主语(代词)+谓语(不及物动词+介词或副词) +结果状语(不定式短语)
3,She remained (sitting alone in the dark)
主语(代词)+谓语+主语补语+状语(副词+介词短语构成)
4,He seemed disappointed.
主语(代词)+系动词+表语.
He turned away disappointed.
主语(代词)+谓语(不及物+副词)+状语(过去分词)
5,She read slowly but distinctly.
主语(代词)+谓语+状语(副词)
6, Men eat (to live), but not live (to eat.)
主语(代词)+谓语+状语(不定式) !!!
She has phoned to say that she will resign.
主语(代词)+谓语(现在完成时)+目的状语(不定式短语)!!!
He studied hard (only to fail.)
主语(代词)+谓语+结果状语(不定式短语)
She (woke suddenly) (to find someone standing in the doorway.) !!
主语(代词)+谓语+副词(修饰谓语)+结果状语(不定式短语)
She (spoke so softly) (that I couldn't hear what she said.)
主语(代词)+谓语+副词+结果状语(从句)
She lived (to see her son becoming the president.) !!
主语(代词)+谓语+结果状语(不定式短语含宾补)
7,He struggled (with courage.)
主语(代词)+谓语+状语(介词短语)
Our desire always increases (with our possessions.)
主语(代词)+谓语+状语(介词短语)
He smiled (in an encouraging way.)
主语(代词)+谓语+方式状语(介词短语)
8,(Seeing a bear coming), he fled.
状语(现在分词短语),+主语(代词)+谓语
9,He flies (form time to time) (from Japan to other countries) (in the world) (including the United
States of America.)
主语(代词)+谓语+状语(介词短语)+状语(介词短语)+定语(介词短语修饰countries)
+定语(分词短语修饰countries)
10,You (must get up) (very early) (to see the sunrise tomorrow morning.)
主语(代词)+谓语+时间状语(副词)+目的状语(介词短语)
待整理:
She had lived in poverty for thirty years.
主语+谓语(现在完成时)+状语(介词短语)+状语(介词短语) 或主谓宾状
Children all came out (to play.)
主语+谓语+副词+状语(不定式)
Sam sang softly to himself.
主语+谓语+状语(副词)+状语(介词短语)
He (went out) without an overcoat.
主语+谓语+状语(介词短语)
The rain rattled (on the roof) (all night)
主语+谓语+状语(介词短语)+状语(名词短语)
She appeared (to have suffered a lot.)
主语+谓语+状语(不定式短语)
You are supposed to return it in two days' time. =someone supposed you to return it.
主语+谓语+状语 状语部分在正常语序中是宾补
He confessed (having committed) murder. =He confessed that he had committed murder.
主语+谓语+状语或宾语 省略了to
He never comes without bringing some present.
主语+谓语+状语
I wondered (to hear her voice in the next room.)不定式短语当副词修饰动词表原因
主语+谓语+状语(不定式)
He must have studied hard (to have succeeded )so splendidly. 理由
主语+谓语+副词+状语(不定式)
第三大类:主谓宾结构
1, We discussed a lot (about our university life.) !!!
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(名词)+定语(介词短语)
2, She make him (feel too busy)
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(代词)+宾补(不定式短语)
He came home (out of humour.) 主谓状状 老师 !!!
主语(名词)+谓语+宾语(名词)+主语补语(介词短语)
He came home (quite changed.) 主谓状状 home做副词 老师
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(名词)+主语补语(过去分词)
I have a desire to succeed. !!!
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(名词)+定语(不定式)
She can find (no one) (to make friends with.) !!!
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(代词)+定语(不定式短语) 需理解
He has the goodness (to do it.)
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(抽象名词)+定语(不定式短语)
He lent me a book (to kill time with.) 感觉象状语 但还原成从句就不会.
主语(代词)+谓语+直宾(代词)+间宾(名词)+定语(不定式短语)
His wife left (him a lot of problems) (to solve.) which he must solve!!!
主语(代词)+谓语+直宾+间宾(名词短语)+定语(不定式=可还原成从句)
3, He made the box beautiful
主语+谓语+宾语(名词)+宾补(形容词)
4,He allowed me (to stay there for the night.)
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(代词)+宾补(不定式短语)
I advise you (to see a lawyer.)
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(代词)+宾补(不定式短语)
5,He kept me waiting very long.
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(代词)+宾补(现在分词短语)
Can I have this parcel weighed here
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(名词)+宾补(过去分词短语)+状语 如何理解
She looked at the city 'being attacked (which was being attacked) by the enemy.'
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(名词)+定语(分词)
We built a wide road (leading to the airport.)
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(名词)+定语(分词短语含介词短语)
She has a wish (to travel round the world.)
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(名词)+定语(不定式短语)
She kept him (on pins and needles.)
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(代词)+宾补(介词短语)
I found everything in good condition.
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(名词)+宾补(介词短语)
The victory made us excited with joy
主语(名词)+谓语+宾语(代词)+宾补(形容词)+状语(介词短语修饰excited)
(From time to time) I hear her (sing 'the German song') (in her lovely voice.)
时间状语(修饰hear)+主语(代词)+宾语(代词)+宾补+方式状语(介词短语修饰sing)
7, They expect to succeed.
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(不定式)
He likes to trap sparrows
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(不定式短语)
8, He enjoys (camping in the mountains.)
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(动名词短语;不及物动词)
We should avoid injuring the feelings of others.
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(动名词短语;及物动词)
We (thought of) having a picnic.
主语(代词)+谓语(不及物+介词)+宾语(动名词短语)
She (usually put off) (carrying out "her promise") (until the last moment.)
主语(代词)+谓语(不及物+介词)+宾语(动名词短语)+时间状语(修饰谓语)
9, (When the meeting will be held) has not been announced.
主语(名词从句)+谓语+省略宾语
10,These trucks carry goods 'exported (which are exported) to foreign countries.'
主语(名词)+谓语+宾语(名词)+定语(过去分词短语含状语)
11,We shot the horse whose leg was broken.
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(名词)+定语从句(修饰宾语)
12,The whole family went to beach (to spend their weekend.) 主谓状状 老师
主语(名词)+谓语+宾语(名词或介词短语)+目的状语(不定式短语)
The boy found (a pretty bird) (in the nest.)
主语(名词)+谓语+宾语(名词)+地点状语(介词短语修饰found)
They played cricket (in spite of the rain.)
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(名词)+让步状语(介词短语)
I met her (on my way home)
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(代词)+地点状语(介词短语)
He helped me although he didn't know me.
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(代词)+让步状语从句(连词引导)
13,She tried (to kill herself) (only to be saved.)
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(不定式短语)+结果状语(不定式短语)
I began (to get the shakes) (just thinking about the test.) 副词在结构和连接起什么作用
主语(代词)+谓语+宾语(不定式短语)+伴随状语(分词+介词短语)
My father, who has an exhausting job, wants (to revitalize himself) (by playing golf.)
主语(名词),+定语从句,+谓语+宾语(不定式)+方式状语(介词短语修饰revitalize)
14,He (escaped "from) the battlefield" ("only to be killed) by the natives".
主语(代词)+谓语(不及物动词+介词)+宾语(名词)+结果状语(不定式)+状语
主 谓 状状 老师
15,This morning (the weather forecast) warned us (that a big typhoon is approaching Taiwan.)
时间状语(修饰谓语)+主语(名词)+谓语+直宾(代词)+间宾(名词从句)
16,(However busy you may be), you (must allow) yourself time (to write home) (at least once a
month.)
让步状语从句(修饰谓语),+主语(代词)+谓语+直宾(代词)+间宾(名词)+定语
(不定式短语)+时间状语
17,She writes me a letter every other week. =She writes a letter to me every other week.
主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 主语+谓语+直宾+间宾
She sang me a song. =She sang a song for me.
主语+谓语+间宾+直宾
待整理:
He ran up to her (breathing heavily.)
主语+谓语(不及物+介词)+宾语+状语 主语补语 (分词短语)
They found the machine (in a bad state.)
主语+谓+宾语(名词)+宾补(介词短语)
He has many things (to tell you.)
主语+谓语+宾语+定语(不定式)
I have enough money (to buy the book with) =I have enough money (with which to buy the
book) 介词 +关系代词+不定式=形容词短语
主语+谓语+宾语+定语(不定式短语)
You forgot to call him up.
主语+谓语+宾语(不定式短语)
The books lie on the table in the library.
主谓宾
He is intent on carrying out the experiment.
主语+谓语+宾语
I dream of being the best footballer in the town.
主语+谓语+宾语
He will never get (to understand it.)
主语+谓语+宾语(不定式短语)
He had no desire but to go abroad.
主语+谓语+宾语+状语
He burst out crying (to hear) her words.
主语+谓语+宾语+(不定式)原因状语
I am looking forward to meeting her.
主语+谓语+宾语
We expect him to come. =We expect that he will come.
主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 主谓宾语从句
The school bell began to ring
主语+谓语+宾语(不定式)
I have just finished (typing my paper.)
主语+谓语+宾语(动名词)
We hope (to see) you soon.
主语+谓语+宾语(不定式短语)
He swore (to speak) the truth.
主语+谓语+宾语(不定式短语)
He urged me to study French.
主语+谓语+宾语(代词)+宾补(不定式短语)
He makes (a point of remembering) each one of our birthdays
主语+谓语+宾语+
The child was found (sleeping) in the bathroom.
主语+谓语+主语补语(分词短语 )
He accused me of copying.
主语+谓语+宾语
I congratulate you upon your graduation.
主语+谓语+宾语+状语
He would not forgive us for slighting him. =He would not forgive our slighting him.
主语+谓语+宾语+状语
I regard this (as of great importance.)
主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
Don't take his kindness (for granted)
主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
第四大类:It is 结构 真正主语无论放在什么位置,唯一的理解方式就是形式和实际在名称
上的区别.
1,It is no use (calling John at this late hour).= Calling John at this late hour is no use.
形式主语+系动词+表语(名词)+真正主语(不定式短语)也能当作原因状语
2,I think it impossible (to finish this work in a day.)
主语(代词)+谓语+形式宾语+补语(形容词)+真正宾语(不定式短语)状语
3,It matters little (what you use your money on,) Provided you do use it wisely.
形式主语+谓语+副词(修饰谓语)+真正主语(名词从句),+状语从句(条件)
4,It is no use (trying to excuse yourself.)