Family of Arthur

亚瑟的家庭

Arthur was the great legendary British king. Arthur was the son of Uther Pendragon and Igraine. Igraine was the wife to Duke Gorlois of Cornwall (or Hoel of Tintagel), at the time she had conceived Arthur. Through Merlin's magic, Uther was transformed to look exactly like her husband. Uther made love to Igraine, when Gorlois was absence. When Gorlois was killed, Uther immediately married Igraine.

亚瑟是传说中伟大的不列颠国王。他是乌瑟·潘德拉贡和伊格瑞茵的儿子。当伊格瑞茵怀上亚瑟时，她还是康沃尔公爵格洛斯（或是延塔杰尔的Hoel）的妻子。通过梅林的魔法，乌瑟变成了她的丈夫的模样，趁格洛斯不在，与她云雨。格洛斯被杀后，乌瑟立刻娶了伊格瑞茵。

In the Welsh legend, his mother was named Eigr (Igraine), daughter of Anlawdd Wledig, and his father was Uthr Bendragon (Uther Pendragon). Arthur had a sister named Gwyar, who was the mother of Gwalchmai or Gwalchmei, which means the Hawk of May, and of Gwalhaved. Gwalchmai was better known in English and French legend as Gawain or Gauvain. But there is frequent confusion of who were Arthur's sisters and who was mother of Gawain in the mainstream Arthurian legend.

在威尔士传说中，他的母亲则叫做Eigr（Igraine），是Anlawdd Wledig的女儿，而他的父亲被写作Uthr Bendragon（Uther Pendragon）。亚瑟有个姐姐叫做Gwyar，是Gwalchmai或是Gwalchmei的母亲，这两个名字的意思是五月的鹰，或是夏天的鹰。Gwalchmai在英语或法语传说中通常被写作Gawain或是Gauvain。但在主流的亚瑟王传说故事中，经常出现的困惑是，亚瑟的姐姐们都是哪些人，以及究竟谁才是高文的母亲。

According to Geoffrey, Wace and Layamon, Uther and Igraine were parents of Arthur and a daughter named Anna, who married King Lot of Orkney. Morgan le Fay was also considered to be Arthur's sister, but I am not certain that if she was Arthur's sister or half-sister. Geoffrey never mention Morgan in his History, but in his later work, (Vita Merlini, c. 1151) Morgan was one of the sisters and sorceresses who lived in Avalon. In Gerald of Wales' work called Tour of Wales (1188), the scholar wrote that Morgan was Arthur's cousin. Some had identified Morgan with the Welsh mother goddess Modron, the mother of Mabon, the Welsh god of youth. Modron had also being identified as being the wife of Uryen Rheged (Urien) and the mother of Owain (Yvain).

根据杰弗里、韦斯和莱亚门的说法，乌瑟和伊格瑞茵生下了亚瑟和一个叫安娜的女儿，后来嫁给了奥克尼的洛特王。摩根勒菲通常也被认为是亚瑟的姐姐，但不太确定她到底是亚瑟的亲生姐姐还是同母异父的姐姐。在杰弗里的史书中，从来没有提到过摩根，但在他晚期的作品Vita Merlini（1151年）中，摩根是亚瑟的姐姐之一，同时也是居住在阿瓦隆的女巫。在威尔士的杰拉尔德的一部叫做Tour of Wales的著作里，写到摩根是亚瑟的堂姐或是表姐。有些考据认为摩根源自威尔士传说中的母神Modron，她是青春之神Mobon的母亲。Modron也被认为是Uryen Rheged(Urien)的妻子和Owain（Yvain）的母亲。

Later legends say that Arthur had three half-sisters: Morgawse, Elaine (Blasine) and Morgan le Fay. Morgawse had married King Lot of Orkney, Elaine (Blasine) was married to King Nentres of Garlot, while Morgan was wife of King Urien of Gorre, brother of Lot.

较晚一些的传说认为亚瑟有三个同母异父的姐姐：莫高丝、伊莲和摩根勒菲。莫高丝嫁给了奥克尼的洛特王，伊莲嫁给了Garlot国王Nentres，摩根则嫁给了洛特的兄弟，Gorre国王尤里安。

Arthur said to have no children from his wife Guinevere, except for in Perlesvaus, where Lohot was their son, and Guinevere is his mother. However, Lohot (or Loholt) was said to be Arthur's son, not by his wife Guinevere, but more frequently by a woman named Lisanor [Chretien de Troyes' Erec [from Arthurian Romances, translated by William W. Kibler, p. 58]. Lohot was one of the Round Table knights. Lohot was also one of the knights captured by the lord of Dolorous Guard, where he fell ill during the imprisonment.

亚瑟和他的妻子桂妮薇娅通常被认为没有孩子，除了在Perlesvaus里，洛哈特被认为是他们的儿子，并且生母是桂妮薇娅。不过，洛哈特（或Loholt）更多被认为是亚瑟的儿子，但并非与妻子桂妮薇娅所生，而是与一个叫做莉莎诺的女子[Chretien de Troyes的诗歌Erec ,来自William W.Kibler译本Arthurian Romances，58页]。洛哈特是圆桌骑士之一，也是后来被Dolorous Guard领主所捉住的骑士之一，在囚禁中抱病。

According to Malory, the son was named Borre (Boarte in Suite du Merlin) and the mother was named Lionors [le Morte d'Arthur, book I ch. 17] (or Lyonors in Suite du Merlin). The similarity between the two women's names - Lisanor and Lionor, suggested that Lohot and Borre is one and the same person.

在马洛礼笔下，亚瑟的儿子叫做波尔（在Suite du Merlin里则是Boarte），孩子的母亲则叫做莉奥诺[《亚瑟王之死》第一册第17章节]（在Suite du Merlin里则是Lyonors）。Lisanor和Lionor——这两位女性的名字的相似之处，让人猜测洛哈特和波尔是同一个人。

According to the ninth century historian, Nennius, Arthur had a son named Amr, as well as a dog, called Cabal. Nennius say that Arthur had killed his own son, but doesn't state why he had done so. Arthur had set up tomb near the spring called Licat Amr, in the region of Ercing. What was marvelous about this tomb is that it change in length in various days. Amr could be the prototype to Mordred. As for his dog, the mound was called Carn Cabal, located in Buelt. Cabal was killed when they went hunting against the wild boar Troynt (possibly Twrach Trwyth in Culhwch and Olwen?).

根据公园九世纪的历史学家Nennius的说法，亚瑟有个叫Amr的儿子，还有条叫Cabal的狗。Nennius认为亚瑟杀死了自己的儿子，但并没有说明他为什么这么做。在接近春天的时候，亚瑟在Ercing地区建了一座叫做Licat Amr的坟墓。关于这座坟墓，最令人惊奇的是它在一段时间后，高度有所变化。Amr有可能是莫德雷德的原型。而他的狗的墓地，则叫做Carn Cabal，坐落在Buelt。Cabal在他们狩猎野猪Troynt时被杀。（很可能是Culhwch and Olwen里的Twrach Trwyth）。

In Culhwch and Olwen (c. 1100), Arthur was the father of Gwydre, possibly by Gwenhwyvar (Guinevere). Gwydre was killed by a wild boar known as Twrach Trwyth. At the end of the Dream of Rhonabwy, Arthur had a different son named Llacheu. While in the beginning of the Welsh romance "Gereint and Enid", the story mentioned that Arthur had a son named Amhar. Amhar could be the same as Nennius' "Amr", but I am not certain about this. None of these tales gave any indication that they were the sons of Gwenhwyvar (Guinevere).

在Culhwch and Olwen（1100年）中，亚瑟则是Gwydre的父亲，很可能是与Gwenhwyvar（桂妮薇娅）所生。Gwydre被一头叫做Twrach Trwyth的野猪所杀。在Dream of Rhonabwy的结尾，亚瑟又有了另一个儿子叫做Llacheu。而在威尔士传说“Gereint and Enid"的开头，故事提到亚瑟有个儿子叫Amhar。Amhar很可能就是Nennius笔下的Amr，但无法确定。所有这些传说故事都没有明确提及他们的母亲是Gwenhwyvar（桂妮薇娅）。

Also in the Welsh myth, the Welsh Triad listed three queens of Arthur. All three queens were named Gwenhwyvar. They were called Gwenhwyfar daughter of Gwent (Cywryd), and Gwenhwyfar daughter of Gwythyr son of Greidiawl, and Gwenhwyfar daughter of Gogfran the Giant. This reminded me of the triple war-goddesses Morrigan or triple mother-goddesses Danu in Irish myths. In some cases, Guinevere or Gwenhwyfar was seen as a goddess, just like Morgan le Fay.

同样是在威尔士语传说中，亚瑟王的三位王后组成了威尔士三和音。所有这三位王后的名字都是Gwenhwyvar。她们被叫做Gwent（Cywryd）的女儿Gwenhwyvar，Greidiawl的儿子Gwythyr的女儿Gwenhwyvar，和巨人Gogfran的女儿Gwenhwyvar。这让人想到爱尔兰传说中的战争三女神Morrigan或是三母神Danu。在有些传说里，桂妮薇娅或是Gwenhwyvar被认为是女神，就像摩根勒菲一样。

The Welsh Triad also listed Arthur of having three mistresses – Indeg daughter of Garwy the Tall, and Garwen ("Fair Leg") daughter of Henin the Old, and Gwyl ("Modest") daughter of Gendawd ("Big Chin").

威尔士三和音也是亚瑟三位情妇的合称——高个子Garwy的女儿Indeg，长者Henin的女儿长腿Garwen，和大下巴Gendawd的女儿端庄的Gwyl。

In Irish literature, Arthur appeared as Artúir (Artuir), the son of Benne Brit ("of the Britons"). In the Acallam na Senórach, the Irish hero, Cailte reminisced how he and nine other Fian warriors recovered the hounds of Finn Mac Cumaill. Artuir had stolen Finn's hounds, called Bran, Sceolaing and Adnúall.

在爱尔兰文献中，亚瑟以Artúir（Artuir）的名字出现，是Briton的Benne Brit的儿子。在Acallam na Seórach中，爱尔兰英雄Cailte回忆了他是怎样和其他9个费奥纳骑士团的勇士们找回了芬恩·麦克库尔的猎狗们。Artuir偷走了芬恩的猎狗Bran，Scelaing和Adnúall。

In Irish myth, Arthur was not a hero at all. He was nothing but a thief.

在爱尔兰传说中，亚瑟完全不是英雄，他就是个小偷。

However, his most famous son was Mordred. Normally, in the early tradition, (by Geoffrey of Monmouth and others), Mordred was Arthur's nephew, because Mordred was the son of King Lot and Anna or Morgawse, the sister of Arthur. But as early as the Huath Merlin and the prose Merlin (Vulgate version), it was implied that Mordred was his son by Arthur's half-sister, Morgawse. In the Suite du Merlin (a continuation of the Vulgate Merlin), Arthur had unwittingly slept with Morgawse, because he did not know that she was his half-sister. Some even say that Morgan le Fay was Mordred's mother.

无论如何，他最著名的儿子是莫德雷德。在早期的文本中（蒙默思的杰弗里或是其他人撰写的），莫德雷德是亚瑟王的外甥，洛特王和亚瑟的姐姐安娜（或莫高丝）的儿子。但在Huath Merlin和Merlin叙事诗（拉丁文通行本）的时期的作品里，暗示了莫德雷德是亚瑟与同母异父的姐姐莫高丝的儿子。在Suite du Merlin（Vulgate Merlin的一个续集）里，亚瑟在不知情的情况下与莫高丝上了床，他不知道她是他的同母异父的姐姐。有些传说故事认为摩根勒菲是莫德雷德的母亲。

In the Mort Artu (Vulgate Cycle), Gawain did not know that Mordred was only his half brother until Mordred had seized power during their absence in the wars against Lancelot and the Romans. The only person who knew of Arthur relationship with Mordred was Morgawse and Merlin.

在Mort Artu（Vulgate Cycle）中，高文并不知道莫德雷德只是他同母异父的弟弟，直到莫德雷德趁着他们远征与兰斯洛特和罗马人作战时篡位。唯二知道亚瑟和莫德雷德的真实关系的人是莫高丝和梅林。

In the tenth century Annale Cambriae, Arthur and Medraut (Mordred) fell in battle at Camlann. The ambiguous statement did they fought against, or if they against each other as enemies, or what their relationship to one another. But in the Dream of Rhonabwy (Mabinogion), Medrawd (Modred) was his nephew and only his foster-son.

在公元10世纪的Annale Cambriae中，亚瑟和Medraut（莫德雷德）双双在Camlann的战斗中死去。含糊的部分是，到底他们是站在同一边，还是和对方交战，和到底他们是怎样的关系。但在Dream of Rhonabwy（收录在《马比诺吉昂》）中，Medrawd（莫德雷德）只是他的外甥和养子。

下文这个表格就不翻译了，应该能看懂，六栏依次是来源、父亲、母亲、姐妹、妻子和儿子。

SourcesFatherMotherSistersWifeSonsMabinogion & 
other Welsh sourcesUthr BendragonEigyrGwyarGwenhwyfar or GwenhwyvarLlacheu, Gwydre, AmharHistoria regum Britanniae
Geoffrey of MonmouthUtherYgerneAnnaGuinevere–Chretien de Troyes' romancesUtherpendragonIgerneMorgan le FayGuinevere–PerlesvausUterUgerneunnamedGuinevereLoholtParzival
Wolfram von EschenbachUtepandragunArniveSangiveGinoverIlinotDiu KrôneUterpandragonIgernOrcades or Jascaphin of OrcanieGinover–Vulgate Cycle romancesUtherYgraine or IgerneMorgawse, Blasine, Brimesent, unnamed, Morgan le FayGuenevereLoholt (by Lisanor)Suite du Merlin
(Post-Vulgate)UtherIgerneMorgawse, Morgan le FayGuenevere–De ortu WaluuaniiUtherIgraineAnnaGuendoloena–Le Morte d'Arthur
Sir Thomas MaloryUtherIgraineMorgause, Elaine, Morgan le FayGuenivereBorre (by Lionors)

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