§3
极坐标系,圆柱面坐标系,球面坐标系
1.平面上的极坐标系
极点:O,极轴:OX .
点M(ρ,φ),ρ为矢径(0≤ρ≤∞),φ为极角(-∞<φ<+∞)
φ从极轴开始,逆时针转动为正,顺时针转动为负.
http://202.38.126.65/nankaisource/mathhands/analytic%20geometry/s0401/s040103/p04010301/p0401030001.GIF
2.平面直角坐标与极坐标的转换
点M(x,y),M(ρ,φ),有
http://202.38.126.65/nankaisource/mathhands/analytic%20geometry/s0401/s040103/p04010301/t04010301002.gif
http://202.38.126.65/nankaisource/mathhands/analytic%20geometry/s0401/s040103/p04010301/p0401030002.GIF
3.圆柱面坐标系
点M的圆柱面坐标:(ρ,φ,z).
ρ,φ为点M在O-XY平面上投影的极坐标;z为点M到平面O-XY的距离,这里
0≤ρ≤∞,-∞<φ<+∞,-∞<z<+∞
http://202.38.126.65/nankaisource/mathhands/analytic%20geometry/s0401/s040103/p04010301/p0401030004.GIF
4.圆柱面坐标与空间直角坐标的互换
http://202.38.126.65/nankaisource/mathhands/analytic%20geometry/s0401/s040103/p04010301/t040100301004.gif
5.球面坐标系
点M的球坐标:(r,φ,θ),
r为矢径长(OM),φ为经度,θ为纬度(或极距角).这里
0≤r<∞, -∞<φ<+∞,
0≤θ≤π
http://202.38.126.65/nankaisource/mathhands/analytic%20geometry/s0401/s040103/p04010301/p04010300061.gif
6.球面坐标与空间直角坐标系的转换
http://202.38.126.65/nankaisource/mathhands/analytic%20geometry/s0401/s040103/p04010301/t04010301005.gif
http://202.38.126.65/nankaisource/mathhands/analytic%20geometry/s0401/s040103/p04010301/t04010301006.gif
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