一、一般现在时( simple present tense)
1.形式 一般现在时通常用动词原形来表示。be动词用am、is、are。主语是第三人称单数时动词的变化规律: 一般动词后加-s;以s、x、ch、sh结尾,加-es;以辅音字母加o结尾,一般加-es;辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i加-es。
2.用法 a. 表示经常发生的动作或现阶段的习惯性行为,常与时间状语often, usually,always,every day,sometimes, seldom,never等连用。
I never do my homework in the evening.
Sometimes we play football on the playground.
He seldom listens to music.
b. 表示现在的事实或状态。
China is a developing country.
I like English very much.
c. 表示格言,科学事实和客观真理。
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
All things are difficult before they are easy. 凡事总是由难而易。
Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国东部。
The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 is Christmas Day.
3.句式
肯定 否定 疑问 回答
He likes eggs. He doesn’t like eggs. Does he like eggs? Yes,he does./No,he doesn’t.
I want an apple. I don’t want an apple. Do you want an apple? Yes,I do./No,I don’t.
4.做题时常见错误如下:
一、be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中
例:We are plant (plant) the trees in spring.
二、单三人称形式易出错
例:1. He plaies (play) football very well. 2. Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10.
三、在句式变换时易出错
例:1. Does Jenny has (has) a good friend? 2. Brian doesn’t lives (not live) in China.
四、对do的理解易出错
例:We don’t (not do) our homework in the afternoon.
五、对主语的数判断有误
例: Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing.
另外,宾语从句中,从句部分若是表示客观真理,不管主句是何时态,从句都要用一般现在时;在时间和条件状语从句中,主句表将来,从句要用一般现在时。
5.中考真题及模拟
(2009东城区一模)Mary___________ the piano well. She is often asked to play at the concert. A. play B. plays C. playing D. played
(2009海淀区一模)My mother will take me to the movie if she _________ free this weekend. A. is B. will be C. was D. would be
(2009崇文区一模)The girls will have a trip if it _________fine.
A. is B. was C. will be D. has been
(2008北京)He’ll send us a message as soon as he ________ in Sichuan.
A. is arriving B. will arrive C. arrived D. arrives
(2007武汉)——What do you do?
——I’m an engineer. I _____ in a company in Wuhan. I like my job very much.
A. work B. had worked C. will work D. worked
(2006武汉)—Is your father a doctor?
—Yes, he is. He__________ in Town Hospital.
A. has worked B. had worked C. works D. worked
(2006陕西)Every year many foreigners _________to China to learn Chinese.
A. have come B. comes C. came D. come
二、现在进行时( present continuous tense)
1.构成 be(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词
2.用法 a. 表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。
He is eating an ice cream.他正在吃冰激凌。
Let’s wait. The children are crossing the street.
b. 表示当前一段时期内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作(说话时不一定正在进行)。
We are working on a farm these days? 这些天我们在一个农场干活。
c. 表示位置移动或趋向的词,如go,come, start,leave, arrive, move等常用进行时表将来。
He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.
I'm coming! What's the score now? 我就来!现在比分是多少?
We are moving to a big house next month. 下个月我们将搬到一所大房子里。
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
You are always changing your mind.
3. 现在分词的构成规则
1)一般情况, 在动词后加ing,例词work-working,study-studying,go-going
2)以不发音的e结尾,去e再加-ing,例词have-having,live-living,take-taking
3)重读闭音节,只有一个辅音字母结尾,双写该辅音字母,再加-ing,
例词cut-cutting stop-stopping,forget-forgetting,begin-beginning
4)以ie结尾,变ie为y再加-ing,例词die-dying,lie-lying,tie-tying
4. 形式
肯定句 否定句 疑问句 简要回答
I am studying. I am not studying. Am I studying? Yes,I am/ No,I am not.
5. 一般现在时和现在进行时的区别
(1) 一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作,现在进行时表示正在发生的行为。
a.He is cleaning his room now.他在打扫房间。
He cleans his room every day.他每天都要打扫房间。
b.They are visiting China.他们正在中国观光。
They often come to China for a visit.他们经常来中国观光。
(2) 一般现在时表示现在的状态。
He likes jiaozi. They have a lot of friends
考例:Mr. Smith ________ short stories, but he ________ a TV play these days.
A. is writing …is writing B. is writing… writes
C. writes…is writing D. writes… writes
6.中考真题及模拟
(2009崇文区二模)Don’t turn off the radio. I _______ to the news.
A. listen B. have listened C. listened D. am listening
(2009朝阳区一模)——Have you seen Mr. Smith?
——Yes. Look, he ________ his bike over there.
A. cleans B. cleaned C. is cleaning D. has cleaned
(2009海淀区一模)——Where’s Susan, Mike?
——She _________ in the kitchen.
A. cooks B. cooked C. is cooking D. has cooked
(2009西城区一模)——Have you got a job offer?
——Not yet. I ___________.
A. waited B. am waiting C. wait D. was waiting
(2009宣武区一模)——Do you think John will help me move the piano?
——You’d better not ask him. He __________ a composition.
A. write B. writes C. is writing D. wrote
(2009崇文区一模)——Where’s the children, Mr Black?
——Oh, they _________ their PE lesson on the playground.
A. have B. had C. are having D. have had
(2008北京)Don’t turn on the TV. Grandma ____________ now.
A. is sleeping B. will sleep C. slept D. sleeps
(2007北京)——What are you doing, Cathy?
——I’m __________my cat. I can’t find it.
A. looking for B. looking at C. looking up D. looking after
(2006北京)——What’s your brother doing in his room now?
——He ____________ a kite.
A. makes B. made C. is making D. will make
(2005北京) ---Where is Frank now?
---He _______ his bike in the yard.
A. fixes up B. fixing up C. is fixing up D. fixed
(2008辽宁)——Mary,could you help me?
——Wait a moment. I _________.
A. read a book B. did my homework C. was watching TV D. am cooking dinner
(2007浙江)——Listen,who _________ in the room?
——Let’s go and see.
A. is crying B. crying C. cry D. cries
They ________ about “Supper Voice Girl”.let’s join them.
A. talk B. are talking C. have talked D. talked
(2006山东威海)——Are you a baby-sister here?
——No. I __________after the baby instead of Ms Green.She is away for shopping.
A. look B. am looking C. have looked D. looked
三.一般过去时(simple past tense)
1.概念 一般过去时表示过去某一时刻,某一段时间发生的动作或存在的状态。一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。
2.构成 一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。be的过去式有was,were两种; have的过去式是had;规则动词的过去式在动词词尾加-ed,具体构成规则如下:
1)一般情况,动词后加ed,例词work-worked,clean-cleaned,play-played,wash-washed
2)以不发音的e结尾,-d,例词live-lived,move-moved,hope-hoped,arrive-arrived
3)以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为 i再加-ed,例词study-studied,carry-carried,cry-cried,identify-identified
4)以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写最后一个辅音字母加-ed,例词plan-planned
stop-stopped,beg-begged,grab-grabbed
3.用法 (1) 表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态。如:
He went shopping with his friends last week.
They arrived ten minutes ago.
He became a hotel manager ten years ago.
Did you go to the concert last night?
(2) 表示在过去经常发生的动作或习惯动作。如:
He visited his grandparents once a month last year.
She usually went to work by car last year.
When I was at school, I always went to school by bus.
4.如何识别 一般过去时常见的标志词有:
1). yesterday, the day before yesterday.
2). last week / year / month / term …(简称last系列)
3). two hours ago, three years ago, a moment ago…(简称ago系列)
4). in / on + 过去的年/月/日,如 in 1999, on April, 2005
5). just now, once upon a time, one day…
5.易错点例析:
(1)——Your phone number again? I _________ quite catch it.
——It’s 4331577
A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t
(2)——Mr. Smith isn’t coming tonight.
——But he _________.
A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised
(3) ——Hey, look where you are going!
——Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _________.
A. I’m not noticing B. I wasn’t noticing C. I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice
(4) ——Oh it’s you ! I _________ you.
——I’ve had my hair cut.
A. didn’t realize B. haven’t realized C. didn’t recognize D. don’t recognized
(5) ——Since you’ve agreed to go, why aren’t you getting ready?
——But I _________ that you would have me start at once.
A. don’t realize B. didn’t realize C. hadn’t realized D. haven’t realized
(6) ——It’s twelve o’clock, I think I must be off now.
——Oh, really? I _________ it at all.
A. don’t realize B. haven’t realized C. didn’t realize D. hadn’t realized
Key:ABBCBC
6.中考真题及模拟
(2009朝阳区一模)He went into his room, _______ the light and began to work.
A. has turned on B. will turn on C. turns on D. turned on
(2009海淀一模)——What’s the best food have you had in Beijing, Alex?
——Roast duck! I _________to a famous restaurant to have it last week.
A. have gone B. go C. will go D. went
(2009宣武区一模)——Do you know how many gold medals the 23-year-old Michael Phelps _____________at the 2008 Summer Olympic Games?
——Eight.
A. win B. wins C. won D. has won
(2008北京)We were in Qingdao last week and __________ great fun there.
A. will have B. have had C. had D. have
(2007北京)——What did you do after school yesterday?
——I _________basketball with my friends.
A. play B. played C. will play D. am playing
(2005北京)---Hi, Kate. You look tired. What’s the matter?
---I ______well last night.
A. didn’t sleep B. don’t sleep C. haven’t slept D. won’t sleep
(2008四川泸州)Yesterday,Tony’s family _________ a good time.
A. has B. have C. had
(2007湖南湘潭)I’m sorry you’ve missed the train. It _______10 minutes ago.
A. left B. has left C. had left
(2007福州)——Mr Green, __________you________ Three Lanes and Alleys(三坊七巷)last Sunday?
——No, but I’ll visit them next week.
A. will; go to B. have; been to C. did; go to D. have; gone to
(2007浙江)——What did the teacher say just now?
——He __________us not to play computer games all day.
A. tells B. told C. has told D. is told
(2007江西)——Inventors have changed the way we live.
——So they are famous for the great things they _________.
A. do B. did C. are doing D. had done
(06江西)——Where’s the cake I made this morning?
——We _______ it, mum. Can you make another one for us?
A. ate B. eat C. will it D. were eating
(2006天津)——Have you mended your shoes,Bob?
——Yes,I_________ them twenty minutes ago
A.have mended B.mend C.had mended D.mended
(2006威海)——The office was broken into last night.Someone thinks you did it.
——But I___________ the whole night with my best friend,John.
A.spend B.am spending C.spent D.had spent
四.一般将来时(the future tense)
1. 用法:表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。I am going to/will watch a football match this evening.
2. 形式:(1)“be going to/助动词will/be to+动词原形”,主语是I、we时,助动词也可用shall. be going to do 表示根据计划或安排将要做某事,也可表示根据目前情况判断很有可能但不是注定会发生某事;will/ shall do表示根据计划或安排将要做某事,也可以表示不以人的意志为转移的客观规律,be to do表示根据计划或安排将要做某事,也可以表示征求对方意见,还可以表示必要性或可能性。
Eg. He will go to his hometown next week.
They are going to meet outside the school gate.
(2) come,go, start, move, sail, leave等非延续性动词常用进行时表示按计划将要发生的事。
Eg. The whole family is going for two weeks.全家要去两个星期。
My sister is coming to see me. She’ll be here soon.
(3)在时间或条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
Eg. I’ll go to see you if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
3. 常用的时间状语:tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next time, “in+一般时间”,from now on, later(on),soon等。
4. 中考真题及模拟
(2009朝阳区一模) I ________ to the bookshop as soon as school is over this afternoon.
A. will go B. have gone C. go D. went
(2009西城区一模)——When _______________ for Hong Kong, do you know?
——I’m not sure. When he __________, I’ll let you know.
A. he leaves ;leaves B. will he leave; will leave C. he leaves; will leave D. will he leave;leaves
(2009崇文区一模)——Where will they go next Sunday?
——They ___________ to the Great Wall.
A. will go B. go C. has gone D. went
(2007北京)I _______the CDs to you if I have time tomorrow.
A. will return B. returned C. have returned D. return
(2005北京)Frank ______ a film if he’s free next Saturday.
A. see B. saw C. has seen D. will see
I want to know ______the day after tomorrow.
A. what he will do B. what will he do C. what he did D. what did he do
(2008襄樊)——Has he returned the library book yet?
——Not yet. Don’t worry. He _________it soon.
A. returned B. has returned C. will return D. returns
(2007河南)——Look at the noisy kids!
——Haven’t you heard the saying “When the cat is away, the mice ______.”?
A. play B. played C. are playing D. will play
(2006厦门)He doesn’t tell me when he__________. I’ll call you up as soon as he __________.
A. will come, arrives B. comes, arrives C. will come, will arrive
(2006常德)If it_____________ tomorrow, we_______ travel outside.
A. will rain; will B. rains; won’t C. will rain; won’t
(2006江西)——Jim, can you help me to wash the dishes?
——Sorry, Dad. I____________ to the shop.
A. go B. went C. am going D. have been
(2008广东) I hear that he will be back ______ two weeks’ time.
A. at B. in C. after D. for
五、现在完成时( Present Perfect Tense),
现在完成时是初中英语中最重要也最难掌握的一个时态,同时也是中考英语中一个最重要的时态考点.
1、基本构成 “have / has+过去分词” 其中have / has 为助动词,构成疑问句时,可将其提前;构成否定句时,可直接在其后加not. 助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词,说明句子的意义。
2、主要用法
现在完成时主要有两种用法,一种是已完成用法,也叫影响性用法;另一种是未完成用法,也叫持续性用法。两种用法的特点是:
1). 已完成用法(影响性用法):表示动作发生在过去某个不太确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果,同时说话者强调或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果.还可表示刚刚、已经做完某事,曾经或未曾做某事。常与already, just, yet,ever, never,the past few years,before等连用,如:
Has she found her car key? 她找到她的车钥匙了吗?(对现在的影响或结果:她能开她的车了吗?)
----Have you had lunch yet? ----Yes, I have. I've just had it.
你(已经)吃午饭了吗? 我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了)
Astronauts have already been to the moon.宇航员已经去过月球了。
I haven’t read your novel yet.我还没有读你的小说。
He has never driven a car before. 他过去从未开过车。
Have you ever been a teacher? 你当过教师吗?
Our hometown has changed a lot in the past few years. 我们家乡在过去的几年里变化很大。
2). 未完成用法(持续性用法):该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作并未在过去完成,而是一直持续到现在,并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)。常有下列标志:for+时间段(ten years, a long time等);since+时间点(two o’clock, August 2003,等);recently,so far, up to now等。如:
How have you been? 你近来怎样?
She has been a teacher for 20 years. 她已当了20年的老师。
How long have you been in Shanghai? 你在上海已经多久了?
I haven’t seen her since last week. 自上周以来我一直未见过她。
I met him in 1975 and haven’t seen him since then. 1975年我见过他,但自那以后就一直未见到他。
注:1.除以上用法外,现在完成时还可表示过去的重复动作甚至将来动作。如:
He has always gone to work by bike. 他总是骑自行车上班。
I’ll go to bed when I’ve finished my homework. 我做完作业后就上床睡觉。
2.表示时间长度时,通常用一般现在时代替现在完成时。如:
It’s a long time since I met you last. 好久不见了。
It’s about six months since we arrived here. 我们到这里大约有半年了。
3、注意现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1) 现在完成时的已完成用法很容易与一般过去时相混淆,其区别是:前者强调对现在的影响和结果,后者不强调这个影响和结果,而是强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去。如:
I’ve lived here for ten years. 我在这里住了10年。(现在仍住这儿)
I lived here for ten years. 我在这里住过10年。(现在不住这儿了)
Has he got up? 他起来了吗? (着眼现在情况)
Did you get up very early? 你起得很早吗? (着眼动作本身)
I’ve got no news from him. 我没听到他的消息。(不知道他的情况怎样)
I got the news from Jim. 这消息我是从吉姆那听来的。(单纯谈论动作)
2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, always, the past few years
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight, this April, once,before, already, recently,lately
例:1. The teacher was already in the room when I arrived. 我到的时候,老师已经在屋里了。
2. I have already waited two years. 我都等了两年了。
3.I haven't seen him recently. 我最近没有看到他。
4. I recently moved to this area. 我最近搬到这一带来了。
5.----Have you met him today? -----No, I haven't. 今天你见过他吗?我没有。
6.How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次?
4、做题时常见错误:
1)易丢掉have/has
例:He taken (take) the medicine before.
答案:has taken
2)have与has易用混
例:I has never heard (hear) of that before.
答案:have never heard
3)时态错用
去年夏天我在这个旅馆住了一周。I stayed in the hotel for a week last summer.
到现在为止,我已经在这个旅馆住了一周了。 I have stayed in the hotel for a week by now.
下个月我会在这个旅馆住上一周。 I will stay in the hotel for a week next month.
我从1985年起就在这所学校教书。 I have taught at this school since 1985.
4)“点、段” 不清
这台电脑我已经买了3年了。
误 I have bought this computer for three years.
正 I have had this computer for three years.
她已经离开两个小时了
误 She has left (离开) for 2 hours.
正 She has been away for 2 hours.
解析:英语中动词有延续性动词与终止性动词(点动词)之分。在肯定句中,与since或for引出的表示“段”的时间状语连用的是延续性动词,不能是终止性动词。改正的方法有:
(1)用表示“点”的时间状语与终止性动词配合。
(2)将终止性动词转换成相应的延续性动词。常见的转换有:
come → be here; arrive in(at)/reach/get to → be in/here; begin/start→ be on; become→ be; borrow→ keep; buy→ have;
come back→ be back; die→ be dead; end/finish /stop→ be over;
go(get) out→ be out; fall ill/sick/asleep→ be ill/sick/asleep;
get to know→ know; get up→ be up; open→ be open;
close----be closed; leave→ be away (from); join→ be in/be a member of; put on→ wear/be on; catch a cold→ have a cold; marry→ be married;
go to school → be a student; begin to study → study; come to work→work等。
如:He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。
His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。
The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。
We have studied English for three years. 我们(开始)学英语已三年了。
They have been married for ten years. 他们结婚已经10年了。
但如果现在完成时的谓语动词是终止性动词(点动词)的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,可以和表示一段时间的for短语连用。如:I haven’t bought clothes for one year.
5) 忘记把already变成yet
例:I have already finished my homework.(变一般疑问句)
误 Have you already finished your homework?
正 Have you finished your homework yet?
解析:现在完成时态中,肯定句中有already,变否定句或疑问句时通常要改yet.另,already也可以用于疑问句中表示惊讶等感情。E.g. Has he done it already? 他已经做完了?
6)在条件、时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来完成的动作。
例:误 I'll go with you when I finish my homework.
正I'll go with you when I have finished my homework.
解析:在条件、时间状语从句中表示将来完成的动作,用现在完成时。但注意,此时表示这动作将在另一动作之前完成,若两动作同时发生,或几乎同时发生,则一般不用现在完成时。
7)have been to 和have gone to的用法区别不清
你刚才到哪儿去了?
误 Where have you gone?
正 Where have you been?
解析:have been to 和have gone to两者均可后接地点,前者表示去过某地,通常可与表示次数的状语连用;后者表示到某地去了,强调说话的当时去某地的人不在场。比较:
She has been to Europe twice. 她到欧洲去过两次。
She has gone to Europe. 她到欧洲去了。(即现在不在这儿)
注:若其后不是接名词,而是接副词,则不用to.如:
He has been abroad many times. 他多次出国。
He has gone home. 他回家去了。
典型考例: 1)——How long ________ you __________ England, Sue?
——Since two years ago.
A. have, been to B. have, gone to C. have, been in D. have, moved to
2)It __________ two years since he ___________ the Party.
A. is; has joined B. was; joined C. has been; joined D. had been; joined
3)look! someone _______ (clean)the room.how clean it is!
A. has cleaned B. is cleaning C. cleans
5.中考真题及模拟:
(2009宣武区二模)--- _________ the latest Time magazine ________yet?
-----Sorry, it’s late. Maybe tomorrow.
A. Will; arrive B. Has; arrived C. Do; arrive D. Did; arrive
(2009朝阳区一模)Susan isn’t here now. She ________ to England. She will come back next month.
A. will go B. has gone C. goes D. went
(2009宣武区一模)——How long ________Korean singer Jang Nara _________China?
——Four years. She can speak and sing in Chinese.
A. does; go to B./; was in C. has; been to D. has; been in
(2009崇文区一模)——Would you like to see the film with me?
——I’m sorry I ________ it twice.
A. see B. am seeing C. will see D. have seen
(2009东城区一模)Lucy___________ her dog and now she is walking it.
A. will find B. is finding C. has found D. finds
(2008北京)——Hello! Can I speak to Alice?
——Sorry she isn’t here right now. She________ to the shop.
A. goes B. will go C. has gone D. was going
(2008杭州) She__________ that same song so many times. I’m getting sick of it!
A. sings B. sang C. will sing D. has sung
(2008广东)——___________you __________your dictionary?
——No, so I have to buy a new one today.
A. Did; find B. Have; found C. Are; finding D. Had; found
(2008江西) I _________to Cape Town, so I know nothing about it.
A. don’t travel B. won’t travel C. haven’t traveled D. hadn’t traveled
(2008重庆)——______you ______the film Harry Potter 5?
——Not yet. I’ll see it this Sunday.
A. Did; see B. Are; seeing C. Have; seen D. Do; see
(2008陕西) I won’t forget my teacher because she_________ so kind to me since I came to this school. A. has been B. will be C. has D. is
(2008长沙)——May I speak to Tom?
——Sorry, he is not at home. He _________ to Shanghai.
A. has been B. has gone C. goes
(2007天津)In the past few years there ___________ great changes in my hometown.
A. have been B. were C. had been D. are
(2007河北) Henry speaks Chinese very well. He ________ in China since 2002.
A. stays B. stayed C. is staying D. has stayed
(2007浙江宁波)——Chen Jie, the workers___________ our new library already.
——Really? I’ll go there and borrow some books.
A. decorated B. are decorating C. have decorated D. were decorated
(2007北京)——It’s raining! When did it start?
——I don’t know exactly. In fact, it __________all this afternoon.
A. lasts B. has lasted C. lasted D. will last
(2007广东)——Are you going to see the film with us?
——No, thanks. I ________ it.
A. saw B. have seen C. see D. was seeing
(2006河南)——They say there's a new restaurant nearby.
——Yes,and it_________ for no more than a week.
A.has been open B.opens
C.is opening D.is opened
析:A由语境逻辑可知,该空表示“到现在为止才开了仅仅一个星期”,因此应用现在完成时。
(2006南京)——Kitty,will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening?
——No,I won't. I__________ it already.
A.saw B.have seen C.see D.will see
析:B already暗示该空表示“到现在为止已经看过了”,因此应用现在完成时。
(2006哈尔滨)——How long ___________ the film KING KONG___________?
——For just several minutes.
A.did,begin B. has,begun C.has, been on
析:c问句表示:到现在为止《金刚》这部电影已经上映了多长时间.因此应用现在完成时动词形式has...been on。因How long为时间段.不能和终止性动词搭配,因此B错误。
六、过去进行时(past continuous tense)
1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语:just now, then,,at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构:was/were doing
4.否定形式:was/were not doing 一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
5.与一般过去时的区别
(2009宣武区一模)——I didn’t see you when I came here last night. Where were you?
——I ____________ my project at home.
A. designed B. have designed C. would design D. was designing
(2009崇文区一模)My mother ____________ dinner when I came back.
A. cooks B. has cooked C. is cooking D. was cooking
(2006河北) I _______ on the computer when Jim came to see me yesterday evening.
A.draw B.drew C. was drawing D. am drawing
析:c由语境逻辑可知,昨晚Jim 来看我时我正在电脑上画画,因此该空应用过去进行时。
(2006南京)I__________ my homework while my parents____________ TV last night.
A.did;have watched B. was doing; were watching
C.had done;were watching D. would do; were watching
析:B分析语境逻辑可知,原句表示“昨天晚上当父母正在看电视时我正在做家庭作”,因此两空应分别使用过去进行时动词形式was doing, were watching.
(2006青海)—— I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.
——Oh.I'm sorry. I_____________ dinner at my friend’s home.
A. had B. was having C. have had
析:B由语境逻辑可知。该空表示“昨天晚上你给我打电话时我正朋友家吃饭”,因此应用过去进行时。
(2006呼和浩特) What__________ when your mother called you up?
A.are you doing B. did you do
C.you were doing D. were you doing
析:D分析语境逻辑可知,该空表示 “ (当你妈给你打电话时)你正在做什么”,因此应用过去进行时动词形式were you doing.
(2007安徽) ——I called you at half past nine this morning, but there was no answer.
——Oh, sorry. I __________with my cousin in the supermarket.
A. shop B. was shopping C. shopped D. will shop
(2007江西)——I knocked into a tree when I went to the railway station for my friend.
——I suppose you ___________too fast.
A. drive B. are driving C. drove D. were driving
(2007河北)When I went to say goodbye to Anna, she ________________ the piano.
A. is playing B. plays C. was playing D. played
(2007广东)His parents wanted to know what he __________ at that time.
A. is doing B. was doing C. has done D. will go
(2007湖北黄冈)——Dick gave me a note while I ___________in the library.
——I guess he made it to say “sorry” to you
A. am reading B. was reading C. reads D. will read
(2008十堰)——You were out when I dropped by your house.
——Oh, I __________for a friend from England at the airport.
A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited
(2008常州)Last night I __________ the homepage for my class when my friend call me.
A. designed B. has designed C. was designing D. would design
(2008河南)——What did the teacher say just now?
——Sorry. I didn’t catch it. I __________________something else.
A. think B. will think C. was thinking D. had thought
补充:一. 过去完成时(Past perfect Tense)
1.概念 以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2.用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3. 过去完成时的时间状语before, by the end of last year(term, month…), until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
by后接过去时间状语(到过去某一时刻为止已经完成的动作);before(在过去某一时刻之前,常含有“过去的过去”之意);It was the+序数词time+that句型(到was所体现的时间时已是第几次做某事,即在"was"前已做某事几次);It was+时间段+since句型(到was所体现的时间为止做某事已有若干时间);体现过去时间的从属连词或并列连词when(当过去某一动作发生时,另一动作已经发生,或当某动作已发生后.另一过去动作突然发生);for或since(到过去某一时刻为止某动作或状态已持续若干时间)。
4.基本结构:had done
否定形式:had not done 一般疑问句:had放于句首。
5.典型考例
(1) (2006贵阳)When I arrived at the office,the meeting_________ for ten minutes.
A. has begun B. had been on C. began
析:B 分析语境逻辑可知,该空表示“(当我到达办公室)会议已经进行了(十分钟)”,表示“过去的过去”动作,因此应用过去完成时。
(2) The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前,因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。
二.过去将来时:
概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语:thenextday(morning,year…),thefollowingmonth(week…),etc.
基本结构:①was/were/goingto+do;②would/should+do.
否定形式:①was/were/not+goingto+do;②would/should+not+do.
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should提到句首。
考例 He said if he had time, he________ (go)to the cinema that night.
特殊过去时用法
考点说明:有些动作表述的情况与实际情况略有不同,因此不能用现在的各种时态,而应用过去的各种时态,即特殊过去时。
典型考例:
1.——Look! The girl is swimming so fast:
——I_________ she_________ swim.(06无锡)
A.know;can't B.knew;can't
C.don't know;can D.didn't know;could
析:D由语境逻辑可知,答句表示“我不知道她会游泳”.但说这话的时候“我”(刚刚)已经知道了这一点,因此两空均用一般过去时。
2。——Look at the sign.Reading aloud is not allowed in the library.
——Oh,I'm sorry.I________ it.(06呼和浩特)
A.don、notice B.didn't notice
C.wasn't noticing D.wasn't noticed
析:C 由语境逻辑可知,该空虽表示“我不在注意”,但到说话的时候已经在注意了,因此不用现在进行时的动词形式,应用过去进行时的动词形式.
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