Unit One

授课标题	Section A  Alfred Nobel: A Man of Peace
授课教师	尹红心	系别	汉语言文学	班级	05中文 一二三	授课时间	4时/周

 

 

 

 

 

 

教学目标    Teaching Objectives

Students will be able to:

 1.  Understand the main idea( A famous scientist, Alfred Nobel,  a man of peace.)

 2.  Practice the spotlight on pronunciation and intonation .

 3.  Master the key language points and the spotlight on grammar: SVC (adj. + inf.)

 4.  Conduct a series of reading ,listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit.

文化背景   Cultural  Notes

1.  Alfred Nobel (1833-1896) was a Swedish chemist and inventor. He was involved, with his family，in the development of explosives, and his invention of dynamite, a mixture of nitroglycerine and filler, greatly improved the safety of explosives. He was inclined toward pacifism and concerned about the potential uses of the explosives he had invented. He established a fund to provide annual awards, called Nobel Prize, in the sciences, literature, and the promotion of international peace.

2.  Nobel Prize is an award created and paid for by the will of Alfred Nobel,  and is given every year for outstanding achievement in one of five fields. By the terms of Nobel’s will, the physics and chemistry prizes are decided by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences（瑞典皇家科学院）；the physiology or medicine prize, by the Karolinska Institute of Stockholm, Sweden(瑞典斯德哥尔摩卡罗林司喀研究院)；the literature prize by the Swedish Academy( 瑞典科学院)；and peace prize, by a committee of the Norwegian Government(挪威政府). Each winner is presented with a gold medal and a sum that by 1980 was about $ 200,000. These five awards were first given in 1901. In 1968, a sixth prize was established in economics. It’s decided by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

3. The North Pole refers to northern end of the earth’s axis, latitude 90oN and longitude 0º, which is distinguished from the north magnetic pole. It was first reached by Robert E. Peary in 1909.

 

课前导学

Warm-up Tasks

Pre-reading questions

1. How much do you know about Alfred Nobel?

2. What kind of award is the Nobel Prize?

3. To whom do you think the Nobel Prize should be awarded?

教学要点

Teaching Points

*   Style of writing:  Narration

*   Main idea of the text: Alfred Nobel spent his life working for peace in

     the world ( invented his explosive and created the Nobel Prize) and now the world thinks of him the way he wanted to be remembered: Alfred Nobel, a man of peace.

*   Spotlight on grammar:  SVC (adj. + inf.)

 

语言内容

Language Contents

1.  report；vt.

     1) write about sth. that has happened          e.g.

      It is reported that his father is a man who trades in coal.

     2) tell about sth. that has happened          e.g.

     We have reported the accident to the police.

      n. [C] sth. written for what has happened          e.g.

     When you finish reading it, write a book report.

2.  The newspaper called him a person who traded in death…(Para. 1)

    Meaning: The newspaper called him a person who sold death…

     call:  v.

     1) say or think that sth. or sb. is         e.g.

     People called him a hero for what he did.

     People call Nobel a man of peace and a man full of love.

     2) give a name to           e.g.

     What do you call your dog? It’s called Alex.

     3) speak loudly         e.g.

     She called out the names of the winners.

     4) telephone sb.         e.g.

      I’ll call you later.

     Who’s calling?

     trade in: buy and sell           e.g.

     They traded in food, drinks and many other things.

     Most of his friends traded in the products of their own village and they all

     became rich.

     trade: v.  buy and sell goods           e.g.

     China trades with many different countries.

     I wouldn’t trade my job for anything.

     n. [U] the act of buying and selling         e.g.

     He decided to engage himself in trade.

3.  business: n.

     1) [U] buying and selling things            e.g.

     How’s business? Business is not very good this year.

     After school he went into business.

     2) [U] duty          e.g.

      It’s a teacher’s business to make children learn.

     My business is selling cars; yours is studying at school.

     3) [sing] matter          e.g.

     That’s none of your business.

     What I feel about Stuart is my own business.

4.  The newspaper story continued, giving Alfred Nobel’s age, nation, and other

     information about his business. (Para. 1)

     Meaning: The newspaper story went on, telling readers how old Alfred

              Nobel was, where he was from and what he did for business.

     continue: v.

     1) go on doing or happening           e.g.

     We continued working until six o’clock.

     2) start again after a break         e.g.

     Let’s have lunch now and continue the meeting this afternoon.

     age: n.

     1) [C] the length of time a person has lived          e.g.

     She started work at the age of 18.

     If you love someone, age doesn’t make a difference.

     2) [C] a very long time         e.g.

     I’ve been waiting here for ages.

     information :  n.

     [U] sth. that gives knowledge in the form of facts         e.g.

     I hope you’ll send me the information soon.

     inform: vt.  tell sth. to sb.         e.g.

     You should inform the police about the accident.

     He wanted to inform his parents immediately of his success.

5.  However,  the words about “trading in death”  were all that the 55-year-old

     man read. (Para. 1)

     Meaning: However the 55-year-old man was only concerned about the words about “trading in death”.

      however: ad.         e.g.

      She is very clever. However, she is quite lazy.

      These machines are very old. They are still widely used, however.

6. put down：place sth. down          e.g.

      Would you please put down your book and join us in our meeting?

      Just as I put the telephone receiver down, the doorbell rang.

7. make a mistake：do wrongly; get sth. wrong        e.g.

       Be perfect, that is, never make a mistake.

       If you understand why you have to do certain things , you are less likely to make a mistake.

8.   All the same, Alfred Nobel was worried… (Para. 2)

      Meaning: Even so, Alfred Nobel was worried…

      All the same:  even so; still       e.g.

      I don’t think so, but thanks all the same.

      None of them understood the words, but they nodded all the same

9.   remember : v

     1) take care not to forget sth.         e.g.

      Remember to call/telephone me tonight?

      2) keep sth. in one’s mind            e.g.

      I couldn’t remember ever seeing her on TV.

      3) send good wishes to sb.        e.g.

      Please remember me to your sister.

10. spend: vt.

      1) use time for sth.         e.g.

      How do you spend your time when you are not in the classroom?

      She spent 30 minutes deciding which sweater to buy.

      2) give out money in payment           e.g.

      She spent a lot of money on her clothes.

11. create: vt. produce sth. new           e.g.

      Learning changes fortune and knowledge creates future.

      The company has created a new type of car.

12. Alfred Nobel invented his explosive at a perfect moment in time.( Para. 3)

      Meaning: Alfred Nobel invented his explosive at the most suitable time.

      perfect: a. 

      1) the most suitable           e.g.

      That is a perfect place for children to go.

      2) so good that it can not be better           e.g.

      “Good   morning,” she said in perfect English.

      3) complete ; thorough         e.g.

      The man was a perfect stranger to me.

       vt.  make perfect      e.g.

       He worked hard to perfect his picture.

13.  begin : v

      1) vt. do or be the first part; make a start            e.g.

      She began to learn /learning English when she was eight.

      2) vi.  start           e.g.

      School begins again in September.

      beginning: n.         e.g.

      A good beginning is half down.

14. destroy：vt.

      1) break into pieces; make useless          e.g.

      Don’t destroy that box; it may be useful.

      2) put an end to             e.g.

      The car accident totally destroyed his plan to go to a foreign country.

15. of one’s day:  of one’s time; of one’s age         e.g.

      Alfred Nobel invented a safe but strong explosive, for explosives of his day were dangerous to use.

16. be worried about: be anxious about           e.g.

      He was worried about meeting his wife after so many things had happened.

      He would have liked to slow down the car but he was worried about what might be coming up behind him.

17. wonder : v

      1) vt.  wish to know          e.g.

      I wonder why he didn’t come.

      2)  feel great surprise           e.g.

      We wondered at how well she worked.

      It is not to be wondered at.

      n.

      1) [U] a feeling caused by sth. strange, surprising or beautiful            e.g. The little girl looked at the beautiful box in wonder.

      2) [C] sth. that gives one this feeling           e.g.

      He has created the wonders of modern art.

18.  learn of / about: become informed of           e.g.

      His mother learnt of her son’s success on TV.     

      When did you learn of Mary’s divorce?

19. award :  vt. give as the result of an official decision           e.g.

      The school awarded Judy a prize for her good work.

      Harrison was awarded a prize of $20,000 by the government.

      n. [C] sth. esp. a prize given as the result of an official decision          e.g.An award for economics was added in 1969.

20. in the field of :  in a branch of knowledge or an area of activity          e.g.She was active in the fields of education and health care for children.

21. economics: n.[U]           e.g.

      Both of them chose/took a course in economics.

      Wednesday: Nobel Prize for economics is to be awarded in Stockholm.

22. add: vt.

      1) put together with sth. else so as to increase the number, size, or importance            e.g.

      They also added a new idea to the plan.

      2) put numbers together           e.g.

      If you add 2 and 3, you get 5.

      3) say sth. more             e.g.

       “Why not?” she added when her friends looked surprised.

23.…but the decision that he made as a result finally gave him what he wanted.

      (Para. 6)

      Meaning: … but as a result of the wrong report his decision gave him what he wanted at last.

      decision: n [U;C] a choice about what should be done         e.g.

      He knew he’d made the right decision.

      decide: vt. choose sth. after thinking           e.g.

      I’ll buy you a drink, and then we can decide where to have dinner.

      as a result: caused or produced by sth. else           e.g.

      Alfred Nobel decided to create a prize and as a result he was remembered as a man of peace.

24. … now the world thinks of him the way he wanted to be remembered… ( Para.6)

      Meaning: … now people think of him as the kind of man that he wanted them to remembered…

 

课文结构

  Structure of the Text

Part I. ( Para1): Elicit the topic.

    Main idea: The wrong report of Alfred Nobel’s death.

Part 2.( Paras2---5): Depict（描写）the character’s mental activities.

    Main idea: Alfred Nobel was worried about the way the world looked at him. And he invented his explosive and created the Nobel Prize.

Part 3.( Para6): Conclusion.

    Main idea: Now the people of the world think of him the way he wanted to be remembered: Alfred Nobel, a man of peace.

课后作业

 After-class Assignment

1.  Exercises of Section A.

2.  Section B:   Marie Curie, A Twentieth- Century Woman

   Section C:   Nobel Prize Winners

     Self study with the teacher’s assistance and do exercises of Section B/ C.

3.  Group discussion:

      Make comments on the significance of the Nobel Prize.

4.  Essay  Writing:

     The Person I Admire Most （120 words）

           1）我最敬仰的人是------

            2）我的理由

 

语法要点  Spotlight on Grammar

不定式主动语态表示被动意义

         不定式的主动语态表示被动意义往往用于SVC(adj.+ inf.)句型，即“主语+ 动词+主语补语”句型， 其中的主语补语由“形容词+ 不定式”构成。用于这一句型的形容词较常见的有easy, hard, difficult, good, comfortable, possible, impossible等。在这种情况下， 不定式必须用主动语态表示被动意义，不可用被动语态。例如：

        Apples are good to eat.

        [误] Apples are good to be eaten.

        Those explosives are dangerous to use.

        [误]  Those explosives are dangerous to be used.

        The chair is comfortable to sit in.

        [误 ]  The chair is comfortable to be sat in.

        He ran so fast and was hard to catch up with.

        [误]  He ran so fast and was hard to be caught up  with.

        注意：上面提及的SVC(adj. + inf.) 句型只是同类句型的一种。从语义的角度看，这种句型可分为以下几种类型：

         (1) Mary is hard to get along with (=It is hard to get along with Mary.)

        (2) Mary is kind to wait for me.(= It is kind of Mary to wait for me.)

        (3) Mary is angry to hear the news. (= To hear the news has made Mary angry.)

        (4) Mary is quick to learn. (= Mary learns quickly.)

        从上面四例可以看出，尽管它们都属于SVC(adj. + inf. )句型，但它们的意义是完全不同的。 也就是说，它们虽然表层结构相同，但深层结构却不同。在这四种句型中, 只有第（1）种的不定式是用主动语态来表示被动意义的。其他三种都不表示被动意义，因此不属于本单元讨论的范围。请不要混淆。

        其他情况：

        I have a lot of work to do.

        [误] I have a lot of work to be done.

        在上例中, 因主语是施事者，不定式只可用主动语态。如果主语不是施事者，则主动或被动都可以使用。例如：

       There is a lot of work to do / to be done.