The Great St.Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy. At 2473 metres,it is the highest mountain pass in Europe. The famous monastery of St Bernard,which was founded in the eleventh century,lies about a mile away. For hundreds of years,St Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass. These friendly dogs,which were first brought from Asia,were used as watchdogs even in Roman times. Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains,the Pass is less dangerous, but each year,the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty. Despite the new tunnel,there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot.

During the summer months,the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars. As there are so many people about,the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure. In winter,however,life at the monastery is quite different. The temperature drops to -30 and very few people attempt to cross the Pass. The monks Prefer winter to summer for they have more privacy. The dogs have greater freedom,too,for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure. The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter. These young people,who love the peace of the mountains,always receive a warm Welcome at St Bernard's monastery.

 

  圣伯纳德大山口连接着瑞士与意大利。海拔2473米，是欧洲最高的山口。11世纪建造的著名的圣伯纳德修道院位于离山口1英里远的地方。几百年来，圣伯纳德修道院驯养的狗拯救了许多翻越这道山口的旅游者的生命。这些最先从亚洲引进的狗，待人友好，早在罗马时代就给人当看门狗了。如今由于在山里开挖了隧道，翻越山口已不那么危险了。但每年还要派狗到雪地里去帮助那些遇到困难的旅游者。尽管修通了隧道，但仍有一些人想冒险徒步跨越圣伯纳德山口。

  夏天的几个月里，修道院十分忙碌，因为有成千上万的人驾车通过山口，顺道来修道院参观。由于来人太多，狗被关在专门的围栏里。然而到了冬天，修道院里的生活则是另一番景象。气温下降到零下30度，试图跨越山口的人寥寥无几。修道士们喜欢冬天，而不太喜欢夏天。因为在冬天，他们可以更多地过上无人打扰的生活。狗也比较自由，被放出围栏，四处遛达。冬天常来修道院参观的只有一批批滑雪者。他们在圣诞节或复活节到那儿去。这些热爱高山清静环境的年轻人每年都受到圣伯纳德修道院的热烈欢迎。

 

 

New words and expression 生词和短语
★Monastery  n.寺院，修道院
Abbot  n.男修道院院长
Convent  n.女修道会, 女修道院
Nun  n.修女
abbess  n.女修道院院长
★St. Bernard  圣伯纳德
★Pass  n.关隘
★Watchdog  n.看门狗
★Rashly  adv.莽撞地，冒失地
Boldly  adv.大胆地, 显眼地
★Enclosure  n.围场，圈地
★Monk  n.和尚
★Privacy  n.清静，隐居
★Skier  n.滑雪者
Ski  n.滑雪橇 vi.滑雪（-- go skiing）
★Easter  n.复活节
-- at Easter  在复活节 /  at Christmas  在圣诞节 /  at Thanksgiving  在感恩节
★connect （v.连接, 联合, 关连）
Switzerland （n.瑞士, 欧洲中部国家）
Italy （n.意大利, 欧洲南部国家）
Metre = Meter （n.米, 公尺）
Lie, Lay, Lain, Lying （vi.位于, 躺, 平放）
Lie, Lied, Lied, Lying（vi.说谎）
Lay, Laid, Laid, Lying（vt.放置, 产卵）
Europe （n.欧洲）                      Asia （n.亚洲）
★Tunnel （n.隧道, 地道）                 Attempt （vt.尝试, 企图）
★Freedom （n.自由, 自主）               Wander （vi.漫步, 徘徊）
Regular （adj.规则的, 有秩序的, 经常的）
Party （n.团体, 一伙人）
Peace （n. 静寂, 安宁, 和平, 和睦）
Minus  adj.负的, 减的 prep.减去 n.负数
Minus  adj.负的负的或在负值区间的
-- a minus value 一个负值 /  minus five degrees 零下五度
Degree  n.度数, 度, 程度

 

Text 课文讲解
What are the St. Bernard dogs used for?
The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy.
St. = saint（n.圣人, 圣徒 adj.神圣）
Bernard  n.伯纳德(男子名)
Pass  n.关口
把...与…连接在一起 connect…to… / join….to… / link…with…
connect...with  把...与某事联系在一起
-- I can't connect the picture with my friend, Mary.
be connected with  与...有联系
-- Are you connected with the government?
At 2,473 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe.
At 2,473 metres（介词短语修饰全句用于句首表示原因、条件或状态）
-- In red, she looks much more beautiful.
-- At the age of 25, he is able. 在十五岁的时候, 他很能干。
-- At one point 65 metres, he is a little short.
The famous monastery of St. Bernard, witch was founded in the eleventh century, lies about a mile away.
Found（v.建立, 创立）= set up（设立, 竖立）= establish（vt.成立，建立）
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句最大的区别：
1> 非限制性定语从句只是对主句或主句中所出现的某个名词的补充、说明和解释, 去掉
对主句影响不大。
2> 限制性定语从句是主句当中不可缺少的一部分。
1>who引导的非限制性定语从句主要指人做主语
-- Mr. Smith was a famous person in American history.
-- Mr. Smith, who died on July 17th at 84, was a famous person in American history.
-- There were very few passengers, who escaped without serious injury.（n.伤害）
旅客很少, 他们都逃出来了, 没有受到重伤。
-- There were very few passengers who escaped without serious injury.
没有受重伤而逃出来的旅客很少。
-- The taxi drivers, who knew about the traffic jam, took another road.
所有司机都知道堵车的事, 都走了别的路。
-- The taxi drivers who knew about the traffic jam took another road, and others who didn't know
about the traffic jam still took this heavy road.
得知堵车的司机走了别的路, 不知道堵车事件的司机仍然走这条路。
2>指代事物在非限制性定语从句当中只能使用which, 不用that。
-- He lent me a thousand dollars, which was exactly the sum I needed.
3>指代时间when、地点where
-- He was left on the desert island, where he stayed for as long as three weeks.
  他被留在了荒岛上, 在那里他呆了长达三周之久。
For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass.
Life（n.生命, 生活）  lives（life的复数）
These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watchdogs even in Roman times.
which指代friendly dogs
-- The panda, which was brought from China, was used as a symbol of friendship
symbol（n.象征）
Now that a tunnel ahs been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty.
Now that 既然
1> 用做时间连接词, 后面通常跟完成式
-- Now that you have left university, you have to find a job.
2> 用做原因连接词时, 后面时态不限
-- Now that you won't help me, I must do the job myself.

whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, however
= no matter who/what/when/where/which/how
-- You can telephone me whenever you like. 无论什么时候你想打电话给我都行。
-- Whichever day you come, we'll be pleased to see you.
-- Wherever you go, I'll follow you.
-- However busy you are, you must spare some time to study English.

Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot.
Despite(介词) = in spite of (of是介词)
attempt to do something = try to do something 企图做某事
There be结构：
-- There are still a few students studying English in the classroom.
  = There are still a few students who are studying English in the classroom.
依旧有些学生在教室学习英语。

During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars.
in cars = by car

As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure.
About（adv.到处, 周围）
-- Don't litter waste paper about. 不要到处扔废纸。  Litter（vt.乱丢, 铺草, 弄乱）
-- look about 到处看 /  go about 到处走 /  run about 到处跑 /  wander about 到处闲逛
keep经常和介词短语、形容词、分词搭配使用, 表示使某人或某物处于某种状态。
-- Keep him out. / Keep him in.（介词）
-- Do keep the cat in the room. （介词）
-- I'm sorry to keep you waiting.（现在分词）
-- The lamb was kept tight to a tree. = I kept the lamb tight to a tree.
lamb（n.小羊, 羔羊） /  tight（adj.紧的, 绷紧的）
In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different.
quite the opposite 恰恰相反
The temperature drops to -30°and very few people attempt to cross the Pass.
The monks prefer winter to summer of they have more privacy.
prefer A to B  宁愿A也不愿B
-- I prefer reading to doing nothing.  我宁愿看书, 也不愿什么都不做。
-- The boy prefers apples to bananas.
prefer to do sth than do sth
-- He prefers to read than do nothing.  我宁愿看书, 也不愿什么都不做。
The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure.
The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter.
The regular visitors to BeiJing.
These young people, who love the peace of mountains, always receive a warm welcome at St. Bernard's monastery.
Mike, who loves chess very much, enter for the game.
Chess（n.国际象棋）

Special difficulties 难点
Supply the missing words in the following sentences:
1.Now that he's grown up, he does___ever he pleases.
1> what
2._____ever I telephone, the line's engaged.
2> when    engaged（adj.忙碌的, 使用中的）
3.____ever told you that, didn't know what he was talking about.
3> who

Multiple choice questions 多项选择
Choose the correst answers to the following questions.
Comprehemsion 理解
1. St. Bernard dogs are best known for_____.
(a)being a great summer tourist attraction
(b)having saved people's lives before the new tunnel was built.
(c)being able to search people out who have been trapped in the snow
(d)the freedom they have to wander about in the winter
... C    be best known for = be famous for…  众所周知, 因...而著名
attraction（n.吸引, 吸引力）               trap（vt.使受限制, 设陷）
2.What is the main advantage endangering their lives by climbing the Pass.
(a)It prevents people from endangering their lives by climbing the Pass.
(b)It brings thousands of tourists to the monastery each summer.
(c)It provides a fast and safe communiction across the Swiss-Italian border.
(d)It brings the St. Bernard monks into greater contact with the world
... C    the main advantage（n.好处, 优势, 有利条件）
endanger（vt.危及）
Swiss（n.瑞士人 adj.瑞士的, 瑞士人的）
Italian（n.意大利人, 意大利语 adj.意大利的, 意大利语的, 意大利文化的）
3.In what way does life at the St. Bernard monastery differ in winter?
(a)The great number of visitors must come to the monastery on skis.
(b)The dogs are free to save the lives of people lost in the snow.
(c)The monks are more welcoming to their visitors.
(d)The monks can pursue their occupation relatively undisturbed.
... D    differ（vi.不一致, 不同）
occupation（n.工作, 职业）             undisturbed（adj.不受打扰的）
pursue（vt.从事, 继续, 追赶）           relatively（adv.相对地, 比较地）
Structure 结构
4.The highest mountain pass in Europe is ____...
(a)of 2,473 metres  (b)at 2,473 metres  (c)high 2,473  (d)2,473 metres high
... D    名词作表语（原句中为at介词短语作状语）
5.__a few people who are_____to cross the Pass on foot.
(a)rash enough  (b)so rash  (c)too rash  (d)very rash
... A    形容词或副词和enough to do搭配
b）选项错在so rash as to （-- You are so kind as to help me.）
6._____so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in an enclousure.
(a)With  (b)Being  (c)Because  (d)Having
... A    with的复合结构形式
-- A large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.
-- With so many people around me, I fell happy.
7.The monks let_____outside their enclosure.
(a)them to wander  (b)to them wanderring  (c)them wander  (d)them wandering
... C   让某人做某事：let sb do
8.Parties of skiers_____the monastery in winter.
(a)visit to   (b)are visiting  (c)visit  (d)are visiting
... C    泛泛的概念采取一般现在时
9.The great St. Bernard Pass lies_____Switzerland and Italy.
(a)within  (b)between  (c)about  (d)along
... B    强调两者之间
10.The dogs are sent out into the snow____a traveller is in difficulty.
(a)if ever  (b)in case  (c)all the time  (d)while
... A whenever = if ever  无论什么时候, 只要情况是如此
-- Whenever/if ever you pour oil on water, it floats.（vi.飘浮）
in case（conj.万一） 主要是讨论预防措施
-- You should insure your house in case there is a fire.
11.Thousands of people_____over the Pass.
(a)trip  (b)drift  (c)roam  (d)wonder
... D    voyage（n.vi.航海, 航行）
12.They are allowed to_____outside their enclosure.
(a)graze  (b)drift  (c)roam  (d)wonder
... C    wander = roam（v.漫游, 闲逛, 徜徉）
graze（v.放牧, 吃草）drift（n.v.漂流）= float（n.v.浮动, 飘浮）　wonder（vt.想知道, 感到奇怪）