Lesson 06  Smash-and-grab 砸橱窗抢劫

New words and expression 生词和短语
★smash-and-grab  n.砸橱窗抢劫
★smash  vt.打碎, 粉碎（= break sth into pieces violently）violently  adv.猛烈地
-- Smash the car.
Smash  vi.打碎, 粉碎（-- The dishes smashed on the floor.）
smash into 撞击到某处 （-- The bus smashed into a tree.）
★grab  v.抢夺, 掠夺, 夺取（= seize suddenly）
-- He grabbed me by the arm.
-- He grabbed the coin and ran off.  他抓起硬币就跑了。
snatch  vt.抢, 夺取（= catch sth/sb suddenly and violently）
-- The big bird snatches the hen from the  ground.
★Seize  v.抓住, 逮住, 夺取（强调抓住、抓到的结果）
　
-- Fear seized her. 她突然感觉很恐惧。
catch  vt.捕获, 赶上(车船等) （= get hold ofsth/sb moving）
-- catch mouse / catch bus / catch a thief
Grasp  强调“掌握”
-- We have already grasped six thousand words.
Hold  强调抓牢、抓紧（catch hold of  抓住）
-- He is holding an umbrella.
★arcade  n.有拱廊的街道（两旁常设商店）
★Piccadilly  n.皮卡迪利大街
★Jewellery  n.珠宝（总称）
★Necklace  n.项链
★Ring  n.戒指
★Background  n.背景 （on the background of sth.）
-- background information 背景资料
-- a man of excellent background 有很好的背景的人
★velvet  n.天鹅绒，丝绒
★headlight  n.（汽车等）前灯
★blare  v.发嘟嗜声，吼叫
★staff  n.全体工作人员
★raid  n.偷袭  /  raid  vt., vi.袭击, 突击
★scramble  v.爬行（= creep quickly）
-- The two thieves scrambled into their car.
Climb  vt.爬上（-- climb up the tree）
Mount  vt.登上（-- mount the hill）
Fantastic  adj. 非常大的
1> = very great / very large 非常大的
-- a fantastic sum of money = a very large sum of money
2> = strange  adj.奇怪的, 奇异的
-- a strange dream = a fantastic dream
3> = wonderful  adj.极好的, 美好的, 极妙的
-- a fantastic play.
★ashtray  n.烟灰缸
★owner  n.所有者, 业主
★admire  vt. 以赞赏的眼光看着
★busily  adv.忙碌地
★arrange  v.安排, 排列, 协商
★horn  n.(牛、羊等的)角, 喇叭
★roar  vi.吼叫, 怒号
jeweler  n.珠宝商, 宝石匠,钟表匠
★wheel  n.（汽车的）方向盘
★iron  n.铁 adj.铁的
★furniture  n.家具
★diamond  n.钻石, 菱形

Text 课文  
How did Mr. Taylor try to stop the thieves?
The expensive shops in a famous arcade near Piccadilly were just "opening.
介词短语修饰shops
-- The shoe shop in my neighborhood was just opening.
  在我家附近的鞋店刚刚开门营业

At this time of the morning, the arcade was almost empty.
Mr. Taylor, the owner of a jewellery shop was admiring a new window display.
BeiJing, our capital, is developing enormously.
-- enormously  adv.非常地, 巨大地（= at fantastic speed）

Two of his assistants had been working busily since eight o'clock and had only just finished.
Diamond necklaces and rings had been beautifully arranged on a background of black velvet.
After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr. Taylor went back into his shop.
After gazing at… = After he gazed at…
After having gazed at… = After he had gazed at…

The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.
with的符合结构：（独立主格结构）
1>如果宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系，应该采用现在分词形式作宾补。
-- She sat staring into the distance with tears streaming down her cheeks.
  她坐着凝视着远方泪流满面。 （Cheek n.脸颊, 面颊）
-- She stood there with her hands resting on her hips
2>如果宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是动宾关系，应该采用过去分词形式作宾补。
-- He ran into the room with his face covered with tears.
-- With his homework finished, he felt happy.
3>如果表达某事将要发生，要用动词不定式to；
-- With a lot of work to do, he can't go to the cinema.
4>如果是说明当时的情况，常用形容词、副词、介词短语表明宾语的状态；
-- He used to sleep with all the windows open.
（open  adj.开着的）
-- He went out with his hat on.（on是副词）
-- With the meeting over, we went home.（over adv.结束）
-- He came in with a knife in his hand.（in his hand --介词短语）
-- Tow others with black stockings over their faces jumped out.（over their faces --介词短语）
  另外两个脸上蒙着黑色袜子的人跳了出来。
5>总结：
with用于句首或句尾，常表示状语、行为方式、原因、伴随状况等。
with如果跟在名词之后，是用来修饰限定该名词。
-- a thief with stocking over his face.
-- a teacher with a book under his arm.
-- a room with the windows open.

It came to a stop outside the jeweller's.
come to 后面常接名词, 表示达到
-- come to a stop停下来 /  come to an end结束 / come to a decision做出决定
-- come to an agreement达成协议 /  come to an understanding互相理解
-- come to success获得成功, come to fame成名
停车 stop = draw up = pull up
at the barber's在理发店 / at the butcher's在肉店 / at the baker's在面包店
at the greengrocer's在蔬菜水果店 / at the grocer's在杂货店 / at the stationer's 在文具店
at the tobacconist's在烟草店 / at the chemist's在药店
barber  n.理发员, 理发师
butcher  n.屠夫, 肉商
baker  n.面包师, 面包工人 n.<美>(便携式)烘炉
greengrocer  n.蔬菜水果商人 n.蔬菜水果商店
grocer  n.食品商人  n.杂货店
stationer  n.文具商人 n.文具店
tobacconist  n.烟草商人  n.烟店
chemist  n.化学家, 药剂师

One man stayed at the wheel while two others with black stocking over their faces jumped out and smashed the window of the shop with iron bars.
While this was going on, Mr. Taylor was upstairs.
He and his staff began throwing furniture out of the window.
Chairs and tables went flying into the arcade.
One of the thieves was struck by a heavy statue, but he was too busy helping himself to diamonds to notice any pain.
help oneself to 自便
-- My roommate helped herself to my clothes
without asking me.

The raid was all over in three minutes, for the men scrambled back into the car and it moved off at a fantastic speed.
at a fantastic speed / at a tremendous speed /at a high speed / at a full speed with great speed

Just as it was leaving, Mr. Taylor rushed out and ran after it throwing ashtrays and vases,
but it was impossible to stop the thieves.
They had got away with thousands of pounds worth of diamonds.
hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of jewel

Special difficulties 难点
前缀构词法：
1> dis
加在形容词前
-- agreeable（adj.使人愉快的）  disagreeable（adj.不愉快的）
-- content（adj.满意的 vt.使满足）
discontent（adj.不满的 vt.令人不满 n.不满）
-- graceful（adj.优美的）   disgraceful（adj.使失体面的, 耻辱的）
-- honest（adj.诚实的, 正直的）  dishonest（adj.不诚实的）
-- satisfactory（adj.满意的）
dissatisfactory（adj.不满意的）
加在名词前
-- agreement（n.同意）   disagreement（n.意见不同）
-- honesty（n.诚实, 正直）   dishonesty（n.不诚实, 不老实）
-- ability（n.能力, 才干）   disability（n.无力, 无能）
-- grace（n.优美, 雅致）   disgrace（n.耻辱）
-- comfort（n.舒适 vt.安慰）   discomfort（n.不舒适 vt.使不舒适）
可以加在动词前
-- agree（v.同意）   disagree（v.不同意）
-- appear（vi.出现）   disappear（vi.消失, 不见）
-- believe（相信, 信任）   disbelieve（v.不信,怀疑）
在名词前加dis得到动词, 表示除去、解除。　
-- courage（n.勇气, 精神）   discourage（vt.使气馁）
-- root（n.根, 根部）   disroot / unroot（vt.连根拔除）
-- mask（n.面具, 掩饰 v.戴面具, 掩饰） 
unmask / dismask（vt.揭露, 暴露）
-- burden（n.担子, 负担 v.负担）  disburden（v.解除负担）
2>il -- 加在以i开头的形容词之前
-- legal（adj.法律的, 法定的）  illegal（adj.违法的）
-- logical（adj.合乎逻辑的）   illogical（adj.不合逻辑的）
-- literate（adj.有文化的 n.学者）
illiterate（adj.没受教育的 n.文盲）
3>im -- 加在以b, m, p开头的形容词之前
-- possible（adj.可能的）   impossible（adj.不可能的）
-- mortal（adj.必死的, 人类的）  immortal（adj.不朽的）
-- moral（adj.道德的）   immoral（adj.不道德的）
-- balanced（adj.平衡的）   imbalanced（adj.不平衡的）
-- balance  （n.平衡）    imbalance（n.不平衡）
4>ir -- 加在以r开头的形容词之前
-- regular（adj.规则的）   irregular（adj.不规则的）
-- rational（adj.理性的）   irrational（adj.无理性的）
-- resistible（adj.可抵抗的）  irresistlble（adj.不可抵抗的）
5>in --主要用于其它字母开头的词之前
-- human（adj.人性的）   inhuman（adj.野蛮的）
-- correct（adj.正确的）   incorrect（adj.不正确的）
-- justice（n.正义, 公平）   injustice（n.不正义, 不公平）
-- sincere（adj.真诚的）   insincere（adj.虚假的, 不真诚的）
6>un --只能用于形容词和动词之前
不
-- happy（adj.快乐的）   unhappy（adj.不幸的,不快乐的）
-- friendly（adj.友好的）   unfriendly（adj.不友好的）
-- lucky（adj.幸运的）   unlucky（adj.不幸的）无
-- conditional（adj.有条件的）  unconditional（adj.无条件的）
-- limited（adj.有限的）   unlimited（adj.无限的）
非
-- official（adj.官方的, 正式的）  unofficial（adj.非官方的, 非正式的）
-- just（adj.正义的, 公正的）  unjust（adj.不公平的）
未（主要用于过去分词之前）
-- undecided（adj.未定的）   unfinished（adj.未完成的）
-- unexpected（adj.未预料到）  unhurt（adj.没有受伤的）
用于动词之前表示做相反的动作
-- lock（v.锁, 锁上）   unlock（vt.开...锁）
-- tie（vt.系, 打结）   untie（vi.松开, 解开）
-- cover（vt.覆盖）   uncover（vt.揭开, 揭露）
-- pack（vt.包装）   unpack（v.打开包裹）
-- dress（v.穿衣）   undress（vt.使脱衣服）
-- load（v.装载）   unload（v.卸货）

Exercise：
Write these sentences again giving the correst opposites of the words initalics:
1 He was extremely polite.
1> polite（adj.有礼貌的）  impolite（adj.无礼 的, 粗鲁的）
2 Iagree with you.
2> agree    disagree
3 His handwriting is quite legible.
3> legible（adj.清晰的, 易读的）  illegible（ adj.难辨认的, 字迹模糊的）
4 This report is accurate.
4> accurate（adj.正确的, 精确的）  inaccurate
（adj.错误的, 不准确的）
5 Have you locked the door?
5> locked    unlocked
6 Have you learnt these regular werbs?
6> regular    irregular
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1.While Mr. Tayor was admiring the new window display,---
(a)his two assistants were arranging jewellery in the window.
(b)some thieves were on their way to raid his shop.
(c)he was standing inside his shop.
(d)his staff were finishing their work for the day.
B正确　　on one's way to do
-- He is on the/his way to become a lawyer.
2.The car headlihgts were on and its born blaring-----
(a)as the thieves wanted to warn people out of their way
(b)as a special signal to the assistants
(c)so the thieves could see where they were going.
(d)to break the early morning silence.
A正确　　warn somebody out of one's way 警告某人别挡住去路
in one's way 挡住某人的去路
-- You are in my way.  挡住了我的去路。
3.The thieves chose to raid Mr.Taylor's shop because---
(a)it was early i the morning and not many shops were open.
(b)they did not expect Mr Taylor and his staff to try and stop them
(c)it usually ha a great deal of valuable jewellery on display
(d)they had a very fast car to get away in.
C正确 
4.The expensive shops in ----were just opening.
(a)Piccadilly's famous arcade  (b)a Piccadilly famous arcade  (c)a famous Piccadilly arcade   (d)the famous arcade off Piccadilly
 C正确
形容词和名词共同修饰名词时, 形容词在前, 名词在后。
（adj + n +被修的名词）
-- an old village school
-- an empty beer glass
5.He----the display for several minutes before re-entering his shop.
(a)was gazing at  (b)gazed at  (c)had gazed at  (d)had been gazing at
B正确　　 做句子结构题时要和原文加以对比
6. Using bars made---iron,the thieves smashed the shop window.
(a)of  (b)from  (c)by  (d)with
A正确    made of  可以看出原材料
7. He and his staff began---- furniture out of the window.
(a)to throw  (b)by throwing  (c)and threw  (d)the throwing of
A正确    began doing something = began to do
something 
8.Had he not been so busy taking the diamonds, he----the blow.
(a)would feel  (b)had been feeling  (c)had felt  (d)would have felt
D正确 
9. To make the car 'roar down the arcade', the driver must have----.
(a)accelerated  (b)spet  (c)run  (d)revered
A正确
accelerate  v.加速, 促进
-- The driver accelerated to pass the other car.
speed  v.加快（加快动作和工作的进程, 常和up连用）
-- We'd better speed up, if we want to get there in time.
-- The car sped along the road.
Reverse  vt.倒车, 颠倒, 倒转
-- The car reversed through the gate.
10. Two others, their faces----black stockings, jumped out.
(a)covered with  (b)overdressed with  (c)overlooked by  (d)made up in
A正确　
Overdressed  v.(使)穿得太讲究
-- I fell rather overdressed in this smart suit.
Overlooked  vt.俯瞰, 远眺
11.-----Mr. Taylor was upstairs.
(a)For the time being  (b)Meanwhile  (c)As it happened  (d)For a while
 B正确
for the time being = temporarily（adv.临时）
meanwhile = at the same time
As it happened 随着这类事情的发生
for a while = for a moment
12. Chairs and talbes were-----into the arcade.
(a)flown  (b)emptied  (c)hurled  (d)projucted
C正确
fly  flew  flown  （fly 是不及物动词, 不能用
于被动语态。）
-- go flying
-- send sth flying （send sth doing）  
（direction  n.方向）
-- A gust of wind sent the paper flying in all
directions 一阵风刮得纸片到处乱飞。
hurl  vt.用力投掷
project  v.发射 （= send up 发出, 射出, 长出）