过去分词与现在分词讲解及练习

过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成，在语态上侧重于被动；

现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行，在语态上侧重于主动。

1.分词作定语

共同点：分词作定语时，如果分词只是一个单词，那么，该分词就位于其所修饰的名词之前；如果是分词短语，那么，该短语就位于其所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。

不同点：分词作定语时，被分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。

There was a terrible noise     the sudden burst of light.      (following)

What’s the language      in Germany?     (spoken)

2.分词作表语

共同点：分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。

不同点：分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作的一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。

This news sounds ____.       (encouraging)

-How did the audience receive the new play?

　-They got very ____.         (excited)

 

3.分词作宾语补足语

 

共同点：分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。

不同点：分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。

The next morning she found the man ____ in bed, dead. 

A. lying              B. lie               C. lay            D. laying   (A)

 

Good morning. Can I help you?

-I’d like to have the package ____, madam.

 

A. be weighed      B. to be weighed     C. to weigh         D. weighed   (D)

 

4.分词作状语

共同点：分词作状语时，一般在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。

不同点：分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生谓语动词之前或同时发生。

The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.

Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.

 

Exercises:

 

 

 

 

 

1. I cannot understand _____ such a well-paid job.

A. him to give up         B. him to have given up   C. his giving up               D. his being given up

2. Jane’s summer vacation in England led to _____ an Englishman.

A. her marry         B. her to marry      C. her being married            D. her marrying

3. She was sad because of _____ any chance left.

A. there being not B. there not being C. not there being         D. there was not

4. If you think a letter is too slow, why not _____ a telegram?

A. try to have sent               B. trying to send           C. to try to send            D. try sending

5. There is no chance _____ him today.

 A. in seeing                B. to seeing            C. of seeing                D. about seeing

6. I know you like _____. Would you like _____ with me now?

A. to swim, to swim  B. swimming, swimming  C. swimming, to swim       D. to swim, swimming

7. Before _____, the machine must be checked.

A. being used               B. using it             C. being used to           D. using

8. To give up _____ means _____.

A. smoking, stopping smoking     B. smoking, to stop smoking

C. to smoke, to stop to smoke      D. to smoke, stopping to smoke

9. — What do you think of the book?   

— Oh, excellent. It’s worth _____ a second time.

A. to read                    B. reading             C. to be read                D. being read

10. “What has made you so upset?”    “________ my new bike.”

 

A. Lost          B. Because of losing           C. Since I lost                D. Losing

11. I still remember _____ to Beijing when I was six.

A. to take      B. taking      C. having taking      D. having been taken

12. Some foreigner used to _____ on the left in their own countries, but now they have got used to _____ on the right in our country.

A. driving, drive          B. drive, drive              C. drive, driving                  D. driving, driving

13. He remained ____ there, for he grew ____ in many things there.

A. staying, interesting         B. staying, interested     C. to stay, interest         D. stayed, interested

14. It is important for parents and young people to learn how to get through to each other and develop skill in understanding and _____.

A. being understood       B. to be understood      C. understand       D. understood

15. _____ more trees is good for health and it is also important to stop waste from factories _____ our surroundings.

 A. To plant, pollute     B. Planting, to pollute    C. Plant, polluting      D. Planting, polluting

16. I would appreciate _____ back this afternoon.

A. you to call               B. you call            C. your calling             D. you’re calling

17. How about the two of us _____ a walk down the garden?

A. to take              B. take          C. taking          D. to be taking

18. “The light in the office is still on.”    “Oh, I forgot _____”

 

A. turning it off           B. turn it off         C. to turn it off           D. having turned it off

19. “I must apologize for _____ ahead of time.”    “That’s all right.”

 

A. letting you not know       B. not letting you know

C. letting you know not     D. letting not you know

20. It happened ______ when I left the station, so I had to wait until the rain stopped.

A. to be raining　　　  B. to have rained　　  C. to rain　　       D. raining

21. ____ more attention, the trees could have grown better.

 

A. Given           B. To give             C. Giving         D. Having given

 

22. Climbing mountains was ____, so we all felt ____.

 

A. tiring ; tired   B. tired ; tiring   C. tiring ; tiring   D. tired ; tired

 

23. The ____ morning, the father came into the lonely house, ____ by his naughty boy.

 

A. following; following              B. followed; followed

C. following; followed             D. followed; following

 

24. ____ these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and ____ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent.

 

A. Seeing; seen   B. Seen; seeing   C. Seeing; seeing   D. Seen; seen

 

25. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse ____ after her son and her daughter and was also pleased to see children well ____ care of in the nursery.

 

A. looked; taken           B. looking; taken    C. looked; took                D. looking; taking

26. I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ____ on the ground on the way home, but unfortunately for me, I found my color TV set ____ when I got home.

 

A. lying; stolen     B. laying; stealing   C. lay; stolen    D. lying; stealing

 

27. ____ better attention, the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and ____ them light.

 

A. Giving; given   B. Given; given   C. Giving; giving   D. Given; giving

 

28. ____ his head high, the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting ____ then.

 

A. Holding; being held  B. Held; holding   C. Having held; held         D. Held; to be held

 

29. ____ but he still could not understand it.

 

A. Told many times                  B. Having been told many times

 

C. He has been told many times    D. Though he had been told many times

 

30. On hearing the ____ news, I was too ____ to sleep.

 

A. exciting; excited       B. excited; exciting    

C. exciting; exciting      D. excited; excited