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课题

阅读理解—篇章结构和后续段落

周次

学习目标

知识与技能：:掌握重点解答阅读理解题篇章结构和后续段落的能力。

过程与方法：通过自主学习，合作探究；学会分析与总结的方法，并能学以致用。

情感态度价值观：激情投入，疯狂记忆，体验运用技巧解题的快乐。

学习重点

阅读理解—篇章结构和后续段落

学习难点

篇章结构

学法指导

通过实践运用总结方法技巧。

学习过程

自

主

学

习

1导图助解：了解文章的体裁

说明文的基本结构

议论文的基本结构

记叙文基本结构

2导图助解 了解文章的写作手法 

学法指导：

1.课前自主完成

2.课上重点以小组抢答题，必答题形式检测疑难错点。

（3分钟）

合

作

探

究

Step II. Cooperation and discussion: Key words expressions and sentences.

一：篇章结构

  In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget. But none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant. The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible.

First of all, the job made huge demands on my strength. For ten hours a night, I took boxes that rolled down a metal track and piled them onto a truck. Each box contained twelve heavy bottles of apple juice. I once figured out that I was lifting an average of twelve tons of apple juice every night.

I would not have minded the difficulty of the work so much if the pay had not been so poor. I was paid the lowest wage of that time—two dollars an hour. Because of the low pay, I felt eager to get as much as possible. I usually worked twelve hours a night but did not take home much more than $ 100 a week.

But even more than the low pay, what made me unhappy was the working conditions. During work I was limited to two ten-minute breaks and an unpaid half hour for lunch. Most of my time was spent outside loading trucks with those heavy boxes in near-zero-degree temperatures. The steel floors of the trucks were like ice, which made my feet feel like stone. And after the production line shut down at night and most people left, I had to spend two hours alone cleaning the floor.

I stayed on the job for five months, all the while hating the difficulty of the work, the poor money, and the conditions under which I worked. By the time I left, I was determined never to go back there again.

How is the text organized?

A．Topic—Argument—Explanation  B．Opinion—Discussion—Description

C．Main idea—Comparison—Supporting examples

D  Introduction---Supporting example ---Conclusion

解题技巧：

1最常见的提问方式是：

How is the passage organized/developed?；

Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?      
The author develops the passage mainly by….

2 常见的回答方式

A．Topic—Argument—Explanation    B Topic---argument----description　

C．Topic ----argument----conclusion   D．Opinion—Discussion—Description

E．Opinion—discussion---explanation   

F．Main idea—Comparison—Supporting examples

G．Introduction—Supporting examples—Conclusion 

3常见的段落结构

总分式结构(总→分；总→分→总；分→总)、并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)、对照式结构(结构形式上是一正一反)。

二．后续语段

We are in the computer age．We often see computers at work．They are especially useful in automatic control，data processing（数据处理）and solving complicated problems．And they are finding their way into the home．The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day．
  More and cleverer computers will continue to appear．They will run faster，have more functions and work much more skillfully．They will take over more tasks from us，helping to change the face of our world．Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us．

However．．．
Which of the following statements will best continue the third paragraph？
    A． Computers will soon stop developing．
    B． Many people like computers very much．
    C． Computers are as clever as man．
    D． I do not think computers will replace us completely．

解题技巧：

严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。做这类题时，应把握作者的写作思路，预测下文可能发展的内容。文章可按事件发展的经过描写，也可按因果关系, 对比关系来描写。

根据所给的文章，总结出相应的方法技巧。

小组讨论

（5分钟）

重点讨论：解答各类主旨要义题的方法技巧。

小组展示环节：(15分钟)

1.小组派代表展示组内研讨成果。要求声音洪亮，书写规范清晰，态度严谨。

其余同学请在书写纸上动笔整理要点。

2.组内另选一位成员回答习题部分内容，如他人有异议可以一并提出。

质疑答疑环节：

(3分钟)

如有疑问，请起立提问，解答。

此环节采用抢答式，

答疑成功者的分。

点评环节：

(2分钟)

要求：公正合理，有理有据。

自

我

检

测

自

我

检

测

StepIII.self-check

A．  (2013陕西)阅读理解 
   According to sociologists（社会学家）, every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification（阶层）. Class, power and status are important in deciding people’s rank in society.
Class means a person’s economic position in society. A commonly used classification is lower class, middle class and upper class. While sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined, they do describe societies like the United States quite well. One study shows that 53% of Americans belong to the lower class, 46% the middle class, and 1% the upper class. Interestingly, a surgeon earning ＄500,000 a year and a bus driver earning ＄50,000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class!
Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people. Obviously, people in positions of great power (such as governors) exercise（行使）big power, but people who take orders from others have less power. Power and class do not always go hand in hand, however. For example, the governor of a state has great power, but he or she may not belong to a corresponding （相应的）economic class. Generally, however, there is a relationship between power and class.   
To our knowledge, there aren’t too many people who aren’t millionaires in the U.S. Senate!
Status is the honor or respect attached to a person’s position in society. It can also be affected by power and class, but not necessarily so. For example, a university professor may have a high status but not belong to a high social class or have a lot of power over others.
56. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?

B   (2011安徽高考)阅读理解B篇

Think about the different ways that people use the wind. You can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat. Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources（来源）, as well as one of the oldest. Evidence shows that windmills（风车）began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC. They were first introduced to Europe during the 1100s, when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power.
      For many centuries, people used windmills to grind（磨碎）wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground. When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity. This allowed them to have electric lights and radio. However, by the 1940s, when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used.
During the 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher costs. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.
63. What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?
A. The advantage of wind power.
B. The design of wind power plants.
C. The worldwide movement to save energy.
D. The global trend towards producing power from wind.

C.

   It’s 2035. You have a job, a family and you’re about 40 years old. Welcome to your future life.

Getting ready for work, you pause in front of the mirror, “Turn red,” you say. Your shirt changes from sky blue to deep red. Tiny preprogrammed electronic are rearranged in your shirt to change its color. Looking into the mirror, you find it hard to believe that you are 40. You look much younger. With amazing advances in medicine, people in your generation may live to be 150 years old. You’re not even middle-aged.

     As you go into the kitchen and prepare to pour your breakfast cereal into a bowl, you hear: “To lose weight, you shouldn’t eat that,” from your shoes. They read the tiny electronic code on the cereal box to find out the nutrition details. You decide to listen to your shoes. “Kitchen, what can I have for breakfast?” A list of possible foods appear on the counter as kitchen checks its food supplies.

“Ready for your trip to space. You ask your son and daughter.” In 2005 only specially trained astronauts went into space.— and very few of them. Today anyone can go to space for day trips or longer vacation. Your best friend even works in space. Handing your children three strawberries each, you add, “The doctor said you need these for space travel.” Thanks to medical advices, vaccination shots are a thing of the past. Ordinary foods contain specific vaccines. With the berries in their mouths, the kids head for the front door. 

      It’s time for you to go to work. Your car checks your fingerprints and unlocks the doors. “My office. Autopilot,” you command. Your car drives itself down the road and moves smoothly into traffic on the highway. You sit back and unroll your e-newspaper. The latest news downloads and fills the viewer. Looking through the pages, you watch the news as video films rather than read it.

48. How is the text organized?

A  In order of time    B. In order of frequency.

C. In order of preference. D. In order of importance.

                       D.

High-tech machines have made life easier for millions around the world. However, some people still prefer low-tech ways of doing things. Here’s an example of why this ishappening. You can microwave a frozen hamburger in 60 seconds. However, it won’t taste as good as one you cook on the stove. And if you’re in that much of a hurry, you probably won’t take time to toast the bun. High-tech cooking saves time, but it doesn’t make for better tasting meals.

     Most people get their news from high-tech sources like television or theInternet. This has many advantages. For example, electronic news is more up to date than newspapers or magazines. It’s also more exciting to see live and videotaped news events than photographs. However, newspapers and magazines have some important advantages. They give more background and details. They also let you read the parts that are important to you and skip the rest.

    Other high-tech timesavers have similar disadvantages. For example, most people use the phone or email to stay in touch with friends and family members who live in other places. But when you use the Internet or the phone, you don’t always think carefully about what you are saying, and sometimes you forget the important things you want to communicate. Similarly, when you word process(文书处理) a home work assignment instead of handwriting it, you can check your spelling electronically and put in fancy headings. However, some students are so busy with the computer that they don’t pay enough attention to the actual words they are writing.

75. How is the text organized?

A. Main idea — Argument — Explanation.   

B. Opinion — Discussion — Description.

C. Topic — Comparison — Supporting examples.

D. Introduction — Supporting examples — Discussion.

                  E

I receive a lot of emails every time a column is published in 21st Century. The majority of questions I get are like this: “My English is still very poor, could you please give me some advice?” Since this kind of question is so big and so vague, any answers will be too broad or too general. In fact, asking questions is an art thatneeds training and practice in itself. And I would like to offer the following tips:

Always contextualize your question. If you really want to ask for advice on something, you need to provide a brief description of how you came up with the question and how you can benefit from asking it. For instance, if you need to improve your English, you need to state the skill area you are in the greatest need of improving, and what difficulties you encounter that cause you so many problems

　　The second piece of advice is that your question should be focused and specific. By that I mean that you might have a lot of questions, but choose the one that is most important and at the same time the least complicated.

　　Third, you can practise asking one question in multiple ways. For instance, if you are interested in knowing how you can boost your confidence in speaking, you might consider asking: “I often feel nervous before I ask a question, how can I overcome my anxiety?” “Could you share with me your experience of speaking in front of others?”

　　Of course, the best way to ask good questions is through the practice of questioning. I highly encourage you to seek opportunities to ask questions. It takes time to be a really good questioner.

How is the text organized?

A．Topic---argument----description　　B．Opinion—discussion---explanation

C．Main idea---comparison--- supporting examples 

D．Topic ----argument----conclusion 　　

自主检测（15分钟）

1.采用必答形式，每组必答，人选随机。

机不可失，加分由你。

2.单词记忆处独学进行，发挥你的记忆力，看谁又快又好。

反思

1、请同学们从以上阅读中整理出20个自己不熟悉词义的纲内单词进行背记！

2、用思维导图把本节课所学内容呈现出来，并整理在书写纸上。

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