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西学宗用：Difference Between Translation and Interpreting
(2006-06-27 01:10:40)| 分类： 浅斟低唱 |
Interpreting vs.
Translation
Interpreting and translation
are two closely related linguistic disciplines. Yet they are rarely
performed by the same people. The difference in skills, training,
aptitude, and even language knowledge are so substantial that few
people can do both successfully on professional
level. On the surface, the difference between
interpreting and translation is only the difference in the medium:
the interpreter translates orally, while a translator interprets
written text. Both interpreting and translation presuppose a
certain love of language and deep knowledge of more than one
tongue.
The Skill Profile of
Technical Translators
However, the differences in
skills are arguably greater than similarities. The key skills of
the translator are the ability to understand the source language
and the culture of the country where the text originated, and,
using a good library of dictionaries and reference materials,
render that material clearly and accurately into the target
language. In other words, while the linguistic and cultural skills
are still critical, the most important mark of a good translator is
the ability to write well in the target language. However, even
bilingual individuals rarely can express themselves in a given
subject equally well in both languages; and many excellent
translators are not fully bilingual to begin with. Knowing this
limitation, a good translator will only translate documents into
his or her native language.
An interpreter, on the other hand, has to be able to translate in both directions on the spot, without the using dictionaries or other supplemental reference materials. Interpreters must have extraordinary listening abilities, especially for simultaneous interpreting. Simultaneous interpreters need to process and memorize the words that the source-language speaker is saying now, while simultaneously outputting in the target language the translation of words the speaker said 5-10 seconds ago. In addition, interpreters have to possess excellent public speaking skills, and the intellectual capacity to instantly transform idioms, colloquialisms and other culturally-specific references into analogous statements the target audience will understand.
Interpreter
Qualifications
Interpreting, just like
translation, is, fundamentally, the art of paraphrasing—the
interpreter listens to a speaker in one language, grasps the
content of what is being said, and then paraphrases his or her
understanding of the meaning using the tools of the target
language. But just as you can not explain to someone a thought if
you did not fully understand that thought, neither can you
translate or interpret something without mastery of the subject
matter being relayed.
It simply can not be overstated: when choosing an interpreter, his or her expert knowledge of the subject matter is equally as important as the interpreting experience.
A veteran interpreter must
possess the following skills:
1. Thorough
knowledge of the general subject of the speeches to be
interpreted.
2.Intimate familiarity with both cultures.
3.Extensive vocabulary in both languages.
4.Ability to express thoughts clearly and
concisely in both languages.
5.Excellent note-taking techniques for
consecutive interpreting.
6.At least 2-3 years of booth experience for
simultaneous interpreting.
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