论白银货币化的形成及影响

学生：邹光剑         指导老师：黄天华

内容提要：在中国漫长的历史岁月中，作为经济活动的重要载体和体现，货币经历了各种不同的形态演变。从原始社会的物物交换发展到明中后期的以白银为本位的货币体系，其间经历了漫长的历程。明朝中后期白银货币化是在特定历史时期，特定历史条件下最终形成的，它代表社会向前发展的方向，在某种程度上它也昭示和催生着一定社会的转型。回顾1500年前的白银循环流通，当我们站在更广阔的天地，审视当时的中国的社会时，我们看到白银货币流通、循环促使中国慢慢走向世界，融入世界，包纳世界。同时，明朝社会也正是在这一“万能之剪”的面前发生着深刻而意义深远的变化。甚至我们可以这样说，白银货币化的形成与发展冲击着人们的观念，松动了封建社会的生产关系，推动了社会的发展。

主题词：白银货币化  形成  影响

By silver currency formation and influence

Abstract: In the Chinese long history year, and manifests as the economic activity important carrier, the currency has experienced each kind of different shape evolution. Develops from primitive society's barter transaction to Ming midlle and  later period take the silver as the standard currency system, during has experienced the long course. In the Ming Dynasty the later period silver currency is in the specific historical period, under the specific historical condition finally forms, it represents the society the direction which move forward, it also toes make clear and is expediting certain society's reforming in some kind of degree. Reviewed 1500 years ago the silver circulation, when we stood in a broader world, when carefully examined the Chinese the society, we saw the silver circulation , the circulation urged China slowly to move towards the world, melted into the world. Although the step is not big, although slightly presently incapable, but, it indeed is approaching the world to be open, wraps the natrium world. At the same time, the Ming Dynasty society also is precisely in this "multi-purpose cutting" the front occurs is being profound but the significance profound change. Even we may say like this that, the silver currency formation and the development is attacking people's idea, became less crowded feudal society's productive relations, flushed has stepped more than 300 year Ming Dynasty landscape.

Keyword: The silver currency   formation   influence

目       录

一、货币发展简要………………………………………………………………1

二、明代白银货币化的形成……………………………………………………2

（一）明朝经济的发展………………………………………………………2

（二）官营工商业的衰落与民营手工业的发展……………………………4

（三）混乱中的货币流通与白银独秀………………………………………5

（四）巨额海外白银内流与银本位币制运行的最终形成…………………6

三、白银货币化形成的影响……………………………………………………8

（一）白银货币化是社会经济的强力推动器………………………………8

（二）白银货币化推动了中国赋税制度的重大变革………………………8

（三）白银货币化削弱了封建国家对农民、工匠的人身控制……………8

（四）白银货币化催生着社会的转型………………………………………9

（五）以白银为中介，中国开始走向世界…………………………………9

四、结语………………………………………………………………………10

参考文献………………………………………………………………………10