标签:
杂谈 |
分类: 英语学习 |
1 Hyperbole(夸张)
试比较以下两种说法: Have you asked your
brother to do the dishes?
1) Yes, many
times.(很多遍了。)
2) Yes, a thousand times.(无数次了。)
很明显,第一种回答方式不如第二种生动,因为a thousand times(无数次)使用了Hyperbole(夸张)的修辞手法。Hyperbole源于希腊语,意思是exceed (超过),是一种故意夸大其词(overstatement)或言过其实的修辞手法;其特点是对表达对象进行有违常识或不合逻辑的夸张性描写,以达到强烈的修辞效果。如:a river of tears (泪河)、a mountain of coal (煤山)、oceans of people (人海)。另外,如:
1) You are my lifesaver.
(你是我的“救命恩人”。)
2) You are 100% right.
(你“百分之百”的正确。)
3) My back killed me. (我的腰痛的厉害。)
4) You make me feel guilty. (你让我感觉像是在犯罪。)
5) I haven't seen you for ages. (好久不见了呀!)
6) I could sleep for a whole year. (我太困了。)
7) We're all tired to death. (我们快累死了。)
Hyperbole(夸张)的修辞手法在文学中的例子也有很多:
1) One father is more than a hundred schoolmasters. (George Herbert) (一个父亲的作用大于100个教师。)
2) It's a crime to stay inside on such a beautiful day. (今天阳光明媚,躲在家中实在太遗憾了。)
3) A drop of ink may make a million think. (George G Byron) (一滴墨水的文字可让千万人思索。)
2 Irony(反语)
Irony(反语)就是说反话,来自希腊语,意思是dissimulation(掩饰),是一种通过正话反说或反话正说来取得讽刺、幽默效果的修辞手法。由于Irony(反语)修辞手法的特殊性,在听力中除了上下文的提示之外,一般要用一定的语气、语调来帮助实现反语的效果。例如:
1)Better luck than I did!(希望你小子更“走运”!?)
2)You are a big help!(你可真够“帮忙”啊!)
3)Only every spare minute!(“只不过”每一分钟的自由时间而已。)
4)You are telling stories!(你讲的“真动听”啊!)
Irony(反语)的修辞手法在英语语言文学中的经典范例不胜枚举:
1)The public is wonderfully tolerant-it forgives everything except genius. (Oscar Wilde)(世人是宽容得惊人的——除天才以外,他们宽恕一切。)
2)We send missionaries to China so the Chinese can get
to heaven, but we don't let them into our country. (Pearl
Buck)(我们派传教士到中国去,好让中国人能够上天堂,但我们却不让他们进入我国。)
3 Euphemism(委婉)
试比较以下两种表达方式:
1)I
2)I
很明显,第二种表达方式比第一种更加委婉。英语Euphemism(委婉)一词来源于希腊语,意思是good
speech(吉利话),即使用比较文雅、悦耳或委婉的说法来代替粗野或直白的说法。比如:
advanced in age(年岁上先行的),past one’s prime(已过壮年), feel one’s age(感觉上了年纪),golden age(金色岁月),sunset years(日落之年)。英语表示“老人”可用senior citizen(资深的公民),the longer living(生活经历较长者)。
4 Parallelism(平行)
试比较以下两种表达方式:
1)I love the feeling of sailing on the lake.(我喜欢在湖上航行的感觉。)
2)I love sailing on the lake. It’s so refreshing to feel the wind in my hair and water on my face.(我喜欢在湖上航行时,清风吹过头发,清漪拂过面颊的感觉。)
很明显,第二种表达方式比第一种更加生动优美,犹如一副水墨山水画儿,因为第二种使用了Parallelism(平行)的修辞手法。具体方法是将结构相同或类似、意义相关或并重、语气也前后一致的语言成分平行并列在一起,从而达到结构整齐、节奏鲜明、加强语气的效果,换句话讲,就是通过语言的形式美来把语言的内容美更好地表现出来。比如:
1)I prefer non-fiction: history, social commentary, and stuff like that. (我更喜欢非小说类作品:历史、社会评论等诸如此类的。)
2)An Englishman thinks seated: a Frenchman, standing; an American, pacing; an Irishman, afterward. (O’Malley) (英国人坐着想,法国人站着想,美国人走着想,爱尔兰人事后想。)
1)We can gain knowledge, by reading, by reflection, by observation or by practice.(求知门径很多,或阅读,或回忆,或观察,或实践。)
2)I love sailing on the lake. It’s so refreshing to feel the wind in my hair and water on my face.(我喜欢在湖上航行时,清风吹过头发,清漪拂过面颊的感觉。)
1)The world listens. The world watches. The world waits to see what we will do.(世界在倾听,世界在注视,世界等待着我们做些什么。)
2)We talked; we sang; we danced. (我们聊天儿;我们唱歌;我们跳舞。)
5 Simile (明喻)
试比较以下两种表达方式:
1) He spent a lot of money.(他花了大笔的钱。)
2) He spent a lot of money, like water.(他花钱如流水。)
很明显,第二种表达方式比第一种更加生动和形象。因为like water(如流水)使用了Simile(明喻)的修辞手法。Simile(明喻)一词源于拉丁语,意为like(像)。借助人们的想象力,使用一定的比喻词如:like, as等加以连接,从而清楚地表明两种事物之间的相似之处,使得表达更加新鲜有趣。其典型形式是A is like B. 比如:
1) He sweats like a pig. (他像猪一样流汗。)
2) They slept like babies. (他们像婴儿一样熟睡着。)
3) Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. (John Ruskin) (生活没有目标犹如航行没有指南针。)
4) Records fell like ripe apples on a windy day. (E. B. White) (被打破的记录犹如刮风天成熟的苹果——纷纷坠落。)
1)
She
2) “I am as light as a feather, I am as happy as an
angel, I am as merry as a schoolboy. I am as giddy as a drunken
man...” (Charles
3) The first time I read an excellent book, it is to me as if I had gained a new friend. (我头一回读到一本好书,对我来说好像交了一位新朋友。)
6 Metaphor(暗喻)
试比较以下两种表达方式:
1)He is very nice.(他人很好。)
2)He really has a heart of gold.(他有一颗金子般的心。)
很明显,第二种表达方式比第一种更加栩栩如生。因为第二种使用了Metaphor(隐喻)。Metaphor也是一种比喻,但不同于Simile(明喻)的是:Metaphor(隐喻)因为不借助比喻词的帮助而更显精练,其典型形式是A is B。比如:
1)
2)
3)
4)
2)
3)

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