摄影是一门技术，同样也是经验的积累。下面是无数摄影师的经验汇聚而成的12条最经典、实用的摄影技巧Tips，将其熟记于心，将帮助你应对很多难以掌控的拍摄场景。推荐收藏。

1.Sunny 16 Rule （阳光十六法则）
“Sunny 16 Rule”是在没有测光表时，正确估算日光下曝光数值的方法，所以这条法则只有在阳光充足的情况下适合使用。将光圈设为F/16，快门与ISO同步，或者略快。如，ISO设为100时，快门应该设为1/100秒（1/125秒）。所以，根据这个法则，在海滩上摄影时，应该使用F/22光圈，在多云时应使用F/11光圈。

2.Moony 11,8, and 5.6 Rules  （月光11，8和5.6法则）
如果你想拍摄月亮，那么这里有一条很好的法则。快门与ISO同步的时候，拍摄满月用F/11光圈，弦月的时候用F/8光圈，新月则使用F/5.6光圈。

3.Camera Shake Rule  （相机抖动法则）
当你手持相机拍摄时，快门的速度不能小于镜头焦距的倒数。如果快门速度越慢，那么拍摄抖动时就越可能降低锐度。如果用50mm焦距的话，快门就要达到1/60秒以上为宜，只有当环境实在昏暗时，用闪光灯、脚架或者把相机放在硬物上防止抖动。

4.Anatomical Gray Card  （灰板法则）
随身携带18%的中灰度板是拍摄的利器。可是如果身上没有灰度板怎么办呢？可以将手掌摊开面向阳光，对手掌进行测光，然后加一档曝光。

5.Depth of Field Rules  （景深法则）
当被摄无题比较深的时候，应该对焦点选择在景深的前1/3处，因为这样，对焦点后的景深是之前的2倍。各种光圈和焦段组合都可以使用这个法则。记住，光圈越小，焦距越短，距离被摄物体越远，景深就越大。

6.Largest Digital Print Rule  （数码冲印尺寸法则）
如果你想把你的作品打印成大尺寸的照片时，照片的尺寸不能大于数码图片的长宽像素各除以200.如果你对作品要求很高，那么至少得除以250。

7.Exposure Rules （曝光法则）
在处理数码照片时，最普遍的法则是保证高光区曝光准确，低光区随他去。可是当处理负片，特别是彩色负片的时候，你最好增曝一档。

8.Quick Flash-fill Rule  （快速闪光输出法则）
当你的相机不能自动输出控制的闪光灯时，将闪光灯的感光度设为胶卷的二被。如果对主体测光，机身选择光圈整档，闪光灯设为同样的光圈。这样，照片的阴影区会比主体的亮度低一档。

9.Flash Range Rule （闪光距离法则）
这个法则很简单：距离乘以2，感光度乘以4。例如，你的闪光灯在ISO 100时，有效距离为20英尺。如果你想使闪光灯的距离达到40英尺时，则需要ISO 400。

10.Megapixel Multiplier Rule （像素翻倍法则）
如果你想使数码相机的分辨率增倍，那么很简单，就是要像素翻两番。

11.Action-stopping Rule （捕捉动态法则）
这条法则是根据角度与速度的经验公式而来的。如果物体沿着镜头的轴线运动你能够用1/125的快门捕捉下，那么它追至于镜头轴线的运动能用1/500捕捉下来。也就是说，如果物体沿镜头轴线称45度运动，只需要1/250的快门速度。

12.Sunset Rule  （日落法则）
拍摄落日时，要对落日上部测光，但是不能让太阳出现在你的取景器中。如果想让日落看上去比实际晚一小时，可以在曝光补偿中减1。

————————英文原文————————

Twelve Essential Photographic Rules

By Jason Schneider

What happens when your systems go belly-up, when all of that cutting-edge technology dies and you must rely on (gasp!) your own knowledge? It pays to have these basics in your head. They can get you out of a jam and help you get good shots when nothing else will.

1. Sunny 16 Rule
The basic exposure for an average scene taken on a bright, sunny day is f/16 at a shutter speed equivalent to one over the ISO setting—that is, f/16 at 1/100 sec at ISO 100. From this you can interpolate, and try f/22 at the beach, f/11 on a cloudy-bright day, etc.

2. Moony 11, 8, and 5.6 Rules
There are many different rules that work well when shooting the moon. One favorite for a proper exposure of a full moon is f/11 at one over the ISO setting. For pictures of a half moon, use the same shutter speed at f/8, and for a quarter moon, use the same shutter speed at f/5.6.

3. Camera Shake Rule
The slowest shutter speed at which you can safely handhold a camera is one over the focal length of the lens in use. As shutter speeds get slower, camera shake is likely to result in an increasing loss of sharpness. So, if you're using a 50mm lens, shoot at 1/60 sec or faster. Not enough light? Use a flash, tripod, or brace your camera against a solid object.

4. Anatomical Gray Card
Metering off an 18-percent neutral gray card is a good way to get a midtone reading that will give you a good overall exposure of a scene. Forgot your gray card? Hold your open hand up so it's facing the light, take a reading off your palm, open up one stop, and shoot. (Various skin tones rarely account for even a full-stop difference.)

5. Depth of Field Rules
When focusing on a deep subject, focus on a point about a third of the way into the picture to maximize depth of field, because the depth-of-field zone behind that point is about twice as deep as the depth-of-field zone in front of it. This works for all apertures and focal lengths, but the smaller the aperture and the shorter the focal length, and the greater the distance you shoot at, the greater the depth of field.

6. Largest Digital Print Rule
To calculate in inches the largest photo-quality print you can make with a digital camera, divide the vertical and horizontal pixel counts (see your manual) by 200. For critical applications, or if you want exhibition-quality prints, divide the pixel counts by 250.

7. Exposure Rules
The classic advice is, "Expose for the highlights, and let the shadows take care of themselves." This works with slide film and digital. But with negative film, especially color negative, you're better off overexposing by one stop.

8. Quick Flash-fill Rule
When using an automatic flash unit that doesn't provide auto flash-fill ratios, set the flash's ISO dial to twice the ISO you're using. Meter the scene, select an f-stop, set the autoflash aperture to the same f-stop, and shoot. The resulting 2:1 flash-fill ratio will produce filled shadows one stop darker than the main subject.

9. Flash Range Rule
Want to know how much extra flash range you get by going to a faster ISO? The rule is, "Double the distance, four times the speed." For example: If your flash is good to 20 feet at ISO 100 (film or digital), it will be good to 40 feet at ISO 400.

10. Megapixel Multiplier Rule
To double the resolution in a digital camera, you must increase the number of megapixels by a factor of four—not two. Why? The number of pixels in both the vertical and horizontal dimensions must be doubled to double the pixel density across the image sensor.

11. Action-stopping Rules
To stop action moving across the frame that's perpendicular to the lens axis, you need shutter speeds two stops faster than action moving toward or away from you. For action moving at a 45-degree angle to the lens axis, you can use a shutter speed one stop slower. For example: If a person running toward you at moderate speed can be stopped at 1/125 sec, you'll need a shutter speed of 1/500 sec to stop the subject moving across the frame, and a shutter speed of 1/250 sec to stop him if moving obliquely with respect to the camera.

12. Sunset Rule
To get a properly exposed sunset, meter the area directly above the sun (without including the sun). If you want the scene to look like it's a half-hour later, stop down by one f-stop, or set exposure compensation to minus one.