2010.06.03 北京   

                               航空发动机

           （TRENT 1000）

     与发动机有不解之缘。在与几百台船用发动机实际打过彻头彻尾的技术交道后, 发动机的每一个部件连同它们的作用深深地刻印在脑海中了, 若同入木三分。

   在美国波音航空公司的宣传网点,一下子看中了由ROLLS-ROYCE公司设计与制造的最新款航空发动机 TRENT1000，便有些爱不释手了。航空发动机与船用发动机在外型、结构和原理等多方面几乎完全不同。但爱屋及乌,对有形有质的物的眷念之情在内心深处油然而生。感觉眼泪都快要夺眶而出了。赶紧移情它物,顺着眼前看到的发动机样体,做了一番若即若离的跟踪。。。。。。

      结构(以TRENT900代替）

      http://s14/middle/494ba91et8814cf2f837d&6901000）" TITLE="航空发动机（TRENT 1000）" />                         LPT      IPT      HPT       IPC      FAN

          LPT            IPT         HPT              IPC              FAN

http://s5/middle/494ba91et740214c51984&6901000）" TITLE="航空发动机（TRENT 1000）" />
   技术  

          http://s14/middle/494ba91et8814fca9455d&6901000）" TITLE="航空发动机（TRENT 1000）" /> 

   http://s14/middle/494ba91et8814fe1e950d&6901000）" TITLE="航空发动机（TRENT 1000）" /> 

   http://s13/middle/494ba91et881500a9d3dc&6901000）" TITLE="航空发动机（TRENT 1000）" />  

    http://s10/middle/494ba91et88150ae8b609&6901000）" TITLE="航空发动机（TRENT 1000）" />

     http://s13/middle/494ba91et88150fdb725c&6901000）" TITLE="航空发动机（TRENT 1000）" />

              http://s10/middle/494ba91et88151027bd79&6901000）" TITLE="航空发动机（TRENT 1000）" />

   优势

      World-Class fuel performance
      At entry into service (EIS) of the Boeing 787, the Trent 1000 will be the most efficient engine for the aircraft, delivering the lowest fuel consumption. Engine testing has already demonstrated this level of performance. Our development programme has run an engine over 15% better than the performance of our first Trent, Trent 700 when it first entered service. This is equivalent to a fuel saving of $2.3m per aircraft per year.

      The Trent three-shaft retention has been demonstrated as world-class through in service operation. With its titanium wide chord fan, short, well-supported rotors, this design can save up to 1% in fuel burn.  This is equivalent to a fuel saving of $155,000 per aircraft per year.

As part of the Trent family, the Trent 1000 benefits from the flow of technology from later members of the family, such as the Trent XWB. Planned technology development will flow into the Trent 1000, delivering a further 1.5% reduction in new engine fuel consumption by 2015, delivering a further saving of $230,000 per aircraft per year.

      Industry leading environmental credentials
      The Trent 1000 is the quietest engine for the Boeing 787 and is the only engine that will achieve London airports QC1 departures and QC0.5 arrivals noise bands across all 787 aircraft variants.

      The engine has been designed for low emissions and achieves over 40% margin to CAEP6 emissions legislation. Our fuel efficiency also contributes to the aircraft target of delivering 20% lower CO2 than the previous generation aircraft it replaces.

      Delivering greatest availability and lowest burden through design for service
      The Trent 1000 has been designed for ease of maintenance with accessories mounted on the fan case and has borescope ports positioned regularly and at eye level. This allows the Trent 1000 to require 50% lower scheduled line maintenance than its competitor.

      Advances in Engine Health Monitoring data capture and analysis, and dedicated health monitoring sensors throughout the engine ensure the Trent 1000 has 20% more predictive monitoring system capability than previous engines.

      Advanced technology and designs such as the low speed swept titanium fan blade and heated engine stator sections reduce foreign object and ice ingress into the engine. This removes a cause of maintenance burden and increasing engine availability.

      Operational and Financial confidence
      The Trent 1000 will be the most mature and robust engine for the Boeing 787 from EIS having already accumulated over 6,000 hours and 12,000 cycles development engine running. Through powering four of the flight test aircraft the Trent 1000 will also build up more flight test experience prior to service.

      The Trent 1000 is supported through Rolls-Royce services, providing financial confidence and peace of mind.

      Rolls-Royce delivers on its commitments. In 2004 when the Trent 1000 was first selected to power the Boeing 787 a number of programme objectives were set. A clear date for first engine run was established; a 74,000lb capable engine certification date was set and maturity and performance goals were identified. We are proud to have achieved all our targets on time and will continue to achieve the targets that we have set ourselves moving forward.

   前景

      http://s14/middle/494ba91et8815283da69d&6901000）" TITLE="航空发动机（TRENT 1000）" />

   http://s11/middle/494ba91eg88161c5ef9aa&6901000）" TITLE="航空发动机（TRENT 1000）" />
http://s11/middle/494ba91eg88161aa9cd1a&6901000）" TITLE="航空发动机（TRENT 1000）" />    
   开发

      http://s15/middle/494ba91eg88160a933cfe&6901000）" TITLE="航空发动机（TRENT 1000）" />

      Programme milestones
      The Trent 1000 development programme has been condensed to achieve more development milestones in a shorter period of time than any other Trent engine.  The Trent 1000 has already achieved twice as many engine cycles than the Trent 900 at first flight.

      The Trent 1000 has completed the high-cyclic Extended Range Twin Operations (ETOPS) testing required in order to ensure that the engine is ready to support customers operations at extended range with greater flexibility.

      Customer selection
      -- Engine downselect
      In April 2004, after an intense period of technical reviews, Boeing selected the Trent 1000 to power the Boeing 787 Dreamliner.
      -- Engine on decision 
     Air New Zealand was the first 787 customer to make an engine selection.  This placed the Trent 1000 as the launch engine for the 787-9 variant of the aircraft.
      -- First engine delivery
      The first set of Trent 1000 engines, from Rolls-Royce were despatched 4th June 2007.  
      -- Engine certification
     The engine has been certified for thrusts up to 74,000lbs to cover the full Boeing 787 Dreamliner family.

      Design and manufacture
      -- Preliminary concept defined
      The first part of a stringent review to ensure that we are able to offer a solution that will fulfil the market opportunities and customer requirements that can be fully supported with the right technology.
     -- Full concept defined
     The preliminary concept is refined with more detail to fully meet all the design requirments of the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, with the right supply chain support.

     -- First engine run

    Testing and certification
     -- Bird strike testing
     As part of the essential safety testing of the engine, the simulated bird strike testing whilst demonstrating resistance to significant damage and acceptable power loss.  The engine completed two tests fired into the fan at aircraft take-off speeds: the multiple medium size of 1.1kg bird; and single large bird 2.5kg bird.

     -- Engine fan blade off testing
    The Fan blade off test simulates the extremely unlikely event of a blade failing in service and is part of the madatory safety testing.  Conditions simulate a fan blade failing at full take-off speed.  The engine must demonstrate a number of key criteria as well as containing the blade within the fancase structure.  The extreme conditions involve containment energy equivalent to dropping a 1 ton car off a 200ft cliff.

     --Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) testing
    The altitude testing was completed in a purpose built facility in Tulahoma, Tennessee that reporoduces atmospheric conditions from sea-level to over 40,000ft.  The engine successfully demonstrated its capability over the full flight envelope.

    -- 747 flying test bed
    A converted Boeing 747 was used as a flying testbed for the first time on 19 June 2007, as part of the Trent 1000 development programme.  The flight testing validated aircraft interfaces and cerified performance of the nacelle.

    --Extended Twin OPerations (ETOPs) testing
    ETOPs testing began 12 June 2008 to complete the required 3,000 cycles.  The testing simulates the most arduous service conditions including 3 simulated cycles that represent a single engine diversion of up to 330 minutes.

    -- Stennis Noise testing
    Noise testing was completed and proved that the noise profile of the engine was within the expected margins.

    -- 150 hour endurance test
    The 150 hour endurance test is one of the most important of any engine development programme. As well as defining operational temperature and speed limits, it also gives a good indication of the durability and capability of an engine. The development engine was laid out for inspection by the certifying authority and customers.

    Building maturity

    -- Maintainability demonstration
    In September 07 a number of customers and teams from Boeing came to the Rolls-Royce training facility in Derby to take part in the Trent 1000 familiarisation course and to verify the maintainability of the engine.  The lessons learnt were used to make improvements in the accessibility of components.

    -- Service leader maturity (KHI)
   The first phase of the service leader testing was completed in November 2008 at the Kawasaki Heavy Industries(KHI) facility.  The engine was stripped and laid out to identify lessons and share with customers.

    -- ETOPS testing completion. 
    This testing simulates approximates 2 years continuous service demonstrating reliability levels for the airworthiness authorities with over 3000 cycles and 950 hours.

    The testing was completed with maximum levels of rotor unbalance to imitate worse case conditions at five different thrust ratings.  In addition 3 simulated diversion cycles, each with 330 minutes at maximum continuous thrust levels. 

    模拟

          http://s6/middle/494ba91eg881603c7bf95&6901000）" TITLE="航空发动机（TRENT 1000）" />