粗话含“nothing”的习语2024-06-20
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nothing习语作者毛里林封面摄影长沙地铁圈毛子泰 |
分类: 文化与语言 |
粗话含“nothing”的习语
毛里林
欧美人常挂在嘴边的nothing doing是什么意思?它有两层意思:一是拒绝别人请求时说“不行”;二是失败时表达“完了;糟了”。笔者受“nothing doing”的启发,粗略谈谈含nothing的习语及其用法。
一. nothing打头阵的习语
1. nothing but = only; just,意思是“只是/有,只不过”,用于名词、动词不定式和动名词之前,接复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
Nothing but a miracle can save the seriously wounded man. 只有出现奇迹才能拯救那个受重伤的人。(用于名词前)
Nothing but roses delights my eyes. 只有玫瑰花悦我之目。(动词用单数形式)
2. nothing less than = not second to/as good as, 意思是“简直是;不亚于”,用来强调how great or extreme sth. is。同/近义习语还有nothing short of = completely, extremely, 意思是“完全,不折不扣的”,多用作表语。例如:
This job calls for nothing less than my best effort. 这份工作简直需要我尽最大的努力。
His conduct is nothing short of corruption. 他的做法是不折不扣的腐败行为。(作表语)
3. nothing like = not at all; not nearly, 意思是“根本没有;完全不”,用来加强否定的语气。此外,nothing to也有类似用法。例如:
The mayor had nothing like enough time to deal with the hot potato. 市长根本来不及处理这个棘手的问题。
This storm is nothing to what I was caught in in Beihai last year. 这场暴风雨和我去年在北海所遭遇的根本无法比。
4. nothing of the kind = not at all what has been supposed, suggested or claimed, 与设想、建议的完全两码事;毫不相干/绝非如此的(事情),可作主语、宾语、表语等。例如:
The man claims that he is an honest man; in reality, he is nothing of the kind. 这个人宣称自己诚实;实际上,他根本就不诚实。(作表语)
5. nothing to sb. = a person/thing for whom sb. has no feelings, 意思是“对(某人)来说说无所谓的人/事”。例如:
I used to love her,but she’s nothing to me any more. 我爱过她,但是现在对她没有什么感情了。
二. there be构成的习语
1. There is nothing (else) for it = no choice/alternative, 意思是“(英)别无办法”,常接but to + infinitive(不定式)。例如:
There was nothing else for it but to leave the company. 别无办法,只有离开公司。
2. There is nothing in sth.= something is not true, 意思是“(某事)不可信/不真实”。例如:
There was a rumor that the foreign minister was going to resign, but there was nothing in it. 有谣言说外交部长要辞职,不过这不可信。
3. (there is) nothing much = not a great amount of; nothing of great value/importance, 意思是“数量不多;没什么重要的”,接不定式作后置定语。例如:
“Nothing much to be afraid of!”echoed Mary, but in such a different tone. “没有什么了不得的事!”玛丽学着他说,可是声调完全不同。
3. (there is) nothing to it = as easy as ABC/one plus one, 意思是“轻而易举;非常简单”。例如:
There is nothing to Esperanto really, which can be picked up in a week or so. 世界语非常简单,一个星期左右就能学会。
4. there is nothing like sth. = extremely/pretty, 意思是“……非常(好);……太棒了”,用来表达 sb. enjoys sth. very much, 包含肯定强调的口气。此外,nothing if not也有异曲同工之妙。例如:
In winter there is nothing like skating as a means of keeping fit. 冬天溜冰是一种非常棒的锻炼方式。
The trip to South America was nothing if not varied. 这次南美之行非常的丰富多彩。
三. 与动词连用的习语
2. count for nothing = be valueless, matter little,意思是“毫无价值,毫不重要”。例如:
She views me as a little kid
who
3. go for nothing = have no reward, be unavailing,意思是“没有报酬,徒劳的”。例如:
The teacher does hope that what we have done won’t go for nothing. 老师肯定不希望我们所做的一切将是徒劳的。
4. have/be nothing to do with = have no connection with sb./sth., 意思是“与……无关”。例如:
Your suggestion has nothing to do with what is under discussion. 你的建议与讨论中的问题无关。
5. have nothing on sb. = have much less of a particular quality than sb./sth., 意思是“远比不上某人/事(口语)”。例如:
To be honest, I’m doing well, but I’ve got nothing on Jack. 说实话,我做得不错,但比杰克我还差得远。
6. want for nothing = be well-fed and well-clothed,意思是“丰衣足食,生活无忧”。例如:
Because she is always wanting for nothing, she doesn’t understand what a hard life means. 因为她总是丰衣足食,所以不理解艰难生活是啥味。
此外,还一个值得一提的习语是not for nothing,= for a very good reason, 意思是“有充分理由;有正当理由”,其反义表达是for nothing。for nothing还有“徒劳地;免费;对……无影响;使相形见绌”等意思。例如:
It is not for nothing that they put her in charge. 他们让她负责有正当理由。
To be frank, my English handwriting is for nothing to that of Mary. 坦诚地说,我的英语书法和玛丽的书法比起来相形见绌。
参考文献
1. 霍恩比(原著),王玉章等(翻译) 《牛津高阶英汉双解词典(第七版)》,商务印书馆&牛津大学出版社,2009年
2. 毛里林 “例说for nothing的用法”,《中小学英语教学与研究》2017年第6期
3. 王俊生 《英汉双解实用英语短语用法词典》,四川出版社&四川辞书出版社,2011年
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7. 刘重得 (主编)《英汉翻译例句词典》,湖南文艺出版社,1999年

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