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when做连词的种种意思2018-08-31

(2018-08-31 07:30:50)
标签:

语言知识

连词

when

长郡中学

毛里林

分类: 中小学英语教学与研究

when做连词的种种意思2018-08-31
湖南大学古建筑      摄影/毛里林


when做连词的种种意思

湖南省长沙市长郡中学 毛里林

 

when做连词用法灵活多变,含义颇为丰富。本文就此作一概述。

. 与时间意思有关

1. 意为“at or during the time that”(……),有时可用while替换。例如:

We went fishing when/while we were on vacation. 我们在度假时去钓鱼了。

When you have finished your experiment, please tidy the lab and put everything back in the cupboards. 当你们做完实验时,请把实验室整理好并把物品放回柜子中。

2. 意为“after”(……之后就)。例如:

Things were better when he got a job. 他找到工作后,情况就好转了。

In 2017, when Professor White retired, he came to Changsha and started to work as a volunteer at the Welfare Institute. 2017年,在怀特教授退休之后,他就来到长沙在福利院开始做志愿者工作。

3. 意为“as soon as”(…………)。例如:

They’ll start when the captain comes. 队长一来,他们就出发。

Students would stand up when the teacher came into the classroom. 老师一进教室学生们就起立。

4. 意为“whenever/at any or every time that”(每当……)。例如:

I cry when I hear that song. 我一听那首歌就会哭。

When he watches television, he falls asleep. 他一看电视就会睡着。

5. 意为“and then/just at that time”(就在此刻;突然;蓦然)。此时when从句只能置于句子的后半部分。例如:

We were ready to rush away when the snake moved. 我们正准备离开,就在此刻蛇移动了。

They had already done breakfast, when the sound of a carriage drew half the party to the window. 大伙快吃完早饭的时候,蓦然听到了马车的声音,于是有半数人给吸引到窗口。

6. 意为“at the same timemeanwhile”(……同时)。例如:

The so-called elocutionist trembled when he spoke. 那个所谓的演说家在讲话时发抖。

When Mary was walking in the garden, she heard a nightingale sing. 当玛丽在花园里散步时,她听到夜莺在歌唱。

7. 意为“until/till; up to”(及至/等到, 表示等到出现某种情况)。例如:

When her friend's car faded out of sight, Cathy was reluctant to leave. 等到朋友的车淡出视线,凯西才依依不舍地离开。

When they could eat no more, they subscribed for two sixpenny-worths of hot brandy-and-water. 及至再也吃不下去了,他们就叫了两杯六便士一杯的兑水的白兰地酒

. 与时间意思无关

1. 意为“if/on condition that”(要是;如果; 万一)。例如:

Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine. 如果机器发生故障,请把电门关上。

When you have no family, you are really on your own. 如果没有家人的支持, 你确实就得靠自己了。

Take the taxi back home when it rains. 万一下雨,坐出租车回家。

2. 意为“since/in view of the fact that/considering that”(既然;考虑到)。例如:

How could you, when you knew that this might damage the apparatus? 既然你知道这样会损坏仪器,那怎么能这样做呢?

Why buy a newspaper when you can read online on free? 考虑到能在网上免费读新闻,你为什么还要买报纸呢?

3. 意为“might/could/should have done”(本来…………)when从句中使用虚拟语气,表示一定程度上的遗憾。例如:

She paid when she could have entered free. 本来可以免费入场,而她却付了款。

She stopped trying when she might have succeeded next time. 她本来下次有可能获得成功,但她却不再尝试了。

4. 意为“while/whereas”(虽然;然而; 可是),用于对比。例如:

They have only three copies when we need five. 他们只有三本,而我们却需要五本。

She claimed to be 30 years old, when I know she’s at most 20. 她自称是30岁, 可是我知道她顶多才20岁。

5. 意为“once”(一旦)。例如:

When relations improve, our vehicles will be allowed to go.  一旦关系有所改善,我们的车辆就可以获准离开。

Rousseau truly says: “There is in liberty as in innocence and virtue a satisfaction one can only feel in their enjoyment and a pleasure which can cease only when they have been lost.” 卢梭说得很对,自有或清白和美德一样,只有在你享有它们时,才会得到满足,一旦失去它们,你就会感到欢乐停止了。

6. 意为“as long as/so long as”(只要)。例如:

When he gets on well with others, his parents are very happy. 只要他与别人相处的好,他的父母就很高兴。

When the object was right, you thought the means could not be wrong. 只要目的正确,你们认为手段是不可能错的。

7. 意为“even if/even though”(即使)。例如:

What could I do with it when I got it? 即使得到了又如何呢?

They are willing to help us when it is pretty difficult. 即使非常艰难,他们也愿意帮助我们。

参考文献:

1. 费致德() 《现代英语惯用词典》,商务印书馆,1982

2. 高永伟 (主编) 《新英汉词典》,上海译文出版社,2013

3. 刘国辉(出版人)《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》,中国大百科全书出版社,2017

4. 刘重得(主编)《英汉翻译例句词典》,湖南文艺出版社,1999

发表档案:

文章署名:湖南省长沙市长郡中学 毛里林

报刊名称:《中小学英语教学与研究》

刊发栏目:语言知识

刊发页面:78-79

刊发时间:2018-08-20

刊付稿费:75.00

封面说明:全国核心期刊

       中华人民共和国教育部主管

       华东师范大学主办

 

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