高考英语书面表达评分档位样卷比较研究(中)——以2017年全国卷I为例
(2017-07-09 23:08:02)
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高考英语书面表达评分档位样卷比较研究邓北平 |
分类: 高考英语测试研究 |
(接上期)http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_492fa15e0102wox7.html
三、2017高考英语写作判分档位样卷比较
Hi Leslie,
I'm writing to tell you about the Chinese class next week. Let's meet at two Tuesday afternoon at the coffee shop near my school again. I plan to help you study some poems of the Tang dynasty which is an important part of Chinese civilization. Many of the Tang poems have greatly influenced Chinese literature. And we learned them at a young age. I’ll help you read and understand the selected poems before we have a discussion of them. To make it easier, I suggest you study and get some knowledge of the Tang dynasty in advance.
Hi Leslie,
接下来我们分别讨论2017年高考英语短文写作湖北省阅卷评分五个档位的样卷。
How is everything going? I hope you have practiced Chinese fluently.
Having known the arrangements of your time, I’m writing to tell you that the next class we will have is at 8 am, this Sunday. What’s more, to make our lesson more interesting, it will be arranged at jiefang Park. Because as far as I’m concerned, a quiet place can not only make you feel relaxed, but also improve the speed of learning. Besides, the context of the next class is about learning Tang poem. So, I hope you can read sow relevant books which is about the history of Tang dynasty before the class. An enough preparation will give you a magic experience of Chinese culture.
Above all, if you have any question or difficulty you can call me at 123456. Looking forward to your replay!
能够进入到第五档,说明考生的语言基础与组织语言的能力都是不错的。但这个层次的考生一般心气较高。总惦记着长难句与较高级语汇,总想着如何使用复杂句式表达简单意思。这样写着写着就容易写长,超过词数规定。而且也会写着写着就发散了,就多加了一点点不必要的零碎,结果导致一点点的不地道、不规范、不得体,让阅卷者抓住。优秀的考生都有满分作文的机会,但要真正得到满分,一定要学会控制自己。能拿满分和实得满分是两回事,因为满分作文是会在阅卷现场经得起阅卷者反复挑刺的。
How is everything going? I hope you have practiced Chinese fluently. ——第五档23分
Having known the arrangements of your time, I’m writing to tell you that the next class we will have is at 8 am, this Sunday. What’s more, to make our lesson more interesting, it will be arranged at jiefang Park. ——第五档23分
Because as far as I’m concerned, a quiet place can not only make you feel relaxed, but also improve the speed of learning. ——第五档23分
这句话基本上与要点关系不大。如果是第一次选时间、选地点上课,这样表述自然没有问题。另外,这里的Because 明显受到汉语思维的影响。就英语语言结构而言,because在此句中无立足之地。如果没有这个瑕疵,就该考生使用的结构而论,反映出良好的语言素质和组织语言的能力。但也多多少少折射出该考生的求“精彩”、求“惊艳”的写作思路。教学中,教师不宜灌输作文出彩亮点多就一定能拿高分的教学倾向,这毕竟不是汉语作文,容易贪多而失。当然,有能力的考生可以表现一下,但要能控制。
这个the context of the next class 的表述也有明显的汉语思维痕迹。简洁准确的表述或翻译一个对等的语汇对于目前高中教学而言,意义十分重大。不仅是学生,就是优秀的语言学习者也常常发生这样的现象,即听外国人讲的时候心领神会,但轮到自己要表述或表达某一个相同的概念或现象时,总是发觉找不到合适的、达意的、得体的语汇。所以,往往只能生硬地去凑合,结果只能是啼笑皆非的Chinglish。
So, I hope you can read sow relevant books which is about the history of Tang dynasty before the class. ——第五档23分
考生大概是想说some relevant books。估计是sow是some的快笔之误。相关书籍。想提出建议,但使用的是hope而不是suggest。本句结构比较繁复,宾语从句与定语从句都出现了。
Above all, if you have any question or difficulty you can call me at 123456. Looking forward to your replay! ——第五档23分
结束语是套语,与前文呼应。说明该考生受过良好的语言训练。
2. 第四档 18 分(16-20),共109词。
I’m writing to tell you some plans that are involved with the next class.
First, you should remember the time and address well in order to make full preparations. The address is my house and time is 10 o'clock in the morning. In our next class we will learn Tang dynastic’s poetry. You see Li Bai and Dufu are really great poets of that time. So you should know Tang dynastic's history in advance. To be honest, the next class will be interesting. I am sure you will like it.
In conclusion, I hold the firm belief that you will make greater progress.
I’m looking forward to your coming.
I’m writing to tell you some plans that are involved with the next class.——第四档18分
这个起句很好,但句意仍然有点绕,不够直接和明了。虽然还采用了定语从句,但事实上只表达了next class。大约相当于说:I’m writing to tell you the plan for the next class. 如果中间有个定语Chinese的话,写作思维会更加集中。
这句话有点突兀,而且很汉语。似乎如果你不记得时间和地址,那么你的课前准备就不好。与主题有关但没有太多必要性,口气也比较生硬,活脱脱承袭了那么一点中国教师的“师道”:“你必须怎样怎样”,“你应该怎么做怎么做”。语势强硬,语气生硬,了无中国传统诗教的温柔敦厚感。如此看来,中国传统文化更何处寻觅得来?
因为前文的累赘,导致这句话也必须重说in our next class,结果唐诗又表述得不够地道。心中可能想的是唐诗,应该是“唐朝的诗”。所以朝代就自然加进去了,后来估计又转念一想,“朝代的”得使用形容词,所以就有了dynastic的“选用”,可是,该考生意犹未尽,非要还在形容词后再加上一个表示所属关系的“s”。端的煞费苦心。考试心态何其微妙,一瞬间有某种灵光一现,霎时电光石火,匪夷所思,而原来还有的那么一点星星之火,立马化作萤烛之光。
这个句子的结构形态依然不脱汉语思维。乍一读,两个句子居然很自然地汉译般地粘合在一起,对于考生而言,全然没有“违和”之感。考生好像是在说:你看那李白杜甫都是那时候的大诗人呢。如果想解这个套,You see后面可以加一个逗号隔开,稍稍说得通了。不过,在这种相对正式的文体中突然加上一句口语化的You see,似乎也大大的奇葩了。
同样的语气,同样的“朝代的”的错误。
文末两句估计是教师教学中的常用必备的重要指点:没有结尾就不是好文章,最好结尾要出彩。所以,套语性安排都还比较合适。那么该生为什么只能是四挡呢?主要还是一些基本表达不到位,让阅卷教师看着不舒服。形式固然重要,如果半天没有说明白一桩事情,也是很危险的。
永远记着:简洁、明快,不扯远了,也不想多了。
I am LiHua. I still teach Chinese for you. And you also studying hard. Now I want to set the time about next studying Chinese.
Next Sunday, I will teach you that TangShi in China. I think you will interested for it. TangShi is China favorit Culture. Long time ago, TangShi was loved. A lot of Chinese all loved TangShi and Some Students Could write it.
I will teach you in the School on Sunday at afternoon. I hope you Can look for about TangChao history because it can help you learn TangShi. I think you are interested in TangShi because it is funny and full knowledge. Next class, I will teach you about TangShi and Some history about Tangchao. I hope you can like my teaching class and get lots of knowledge.
I am LiHua. I still teach Chinese for you. And you also studying hard. Now I want to set the time about next studying Chinese. ——第三档13分
一篇文章第一段的功能究竟是什么?说明写信的缘由,总提引起下文。到第三档的考生基本上语言问题表现得更为突出。Li Hua作为姓和名应该分开写,这一点相信李华同学以十几年的老资格“留级生”应该是在各地写作培训中都不会弄错的。但依然有人错,这就是问题!I still teach Chinese for you.这一句也还是语言问题。teach能接双宾语,但跟for搭配意思就变了。如果一定要有这个搭配可以有一句很bookish的说法:I teach you Chinese for the friendship between you and me.
至于下句的set the time一句既漏了地点,也很冗余。因为这个句子没有说清楚,势必下文还要再说一次。明显就不简洁了。这种吞吞吐吐,一次不把话说清楚的做派,在中国考生中非常普遍。下面第二段就会重说一次,不信,您等着瞧。
Next Sunday, I will teach you that TangShi in China. ——第三档13分
I hope you Can look for about TangChao history because it can help you learn TangShi. ——第三档13分
这一句大意是清楚的,但由于语言错误(look for about)。而且because it可以改写成which(变成定语从句)。如果能够在learn Tangshi的后面加上一个better,语意更为完整,因为这是目的。
I think you are interested in TangShi because it is funny and full knowledge. ——第三档13分
这个句子的前半截尚可,尽管也不是重点。但由于full Knowledge的问题,也会让阅卷教师不爽。
Next class, I will teach you about TangShi and Some history about Tangchao. ——第三档13分
又重复说一次,没有增添内容,只是赘述。
明显审题不严。李华同学教的是“英国朋友”,而且这不是第一次讲课。所以,如此多的细枝末节的搅乱,会让读者添堵和好笑。而一旦阅卷者觉得好笑的时候,问题就大了。记得:说清楚,清楚地说。
How surprised and excited to write the letter for you. I am your old friend Li Hua. My country is very old, and Chinese culture is very secret and beautiful.
It’s said that China is one of Four Culture Old Country, and have various of culture about history. As Tang Chao, this is a vividly time for China history. If you want like a duck to water in the class. You will to prepare many history. We will study Tang poem in the class 10 and at the next weekend, that day 2 pm. I hope you don’t come late.
At the moment, you will practice your Chinese and find many important information.
I am thanks for you reward this letter! See you again!
How surprised and excited to write the letter for you.——第二档8分
这个首句写得比较雄“浑”而神奇,应该是在背诵套语。
I am your old friend Li Hua. My country is very old, and Chinese culture is very secret and beautiful. ——第二档8分
该考生还自称是old friend, 从后句My country is very old等来看,这个friend不会太old,应该是新朋友才对!另外,对中国文化使用secret来修饰,大大的不妥。似乎本来想说神秘,结果遣词不当弄成了神神叨叨的“秘密”玩意儿。
It’s said that China is one of Four Culture Old Country, and have various of culture about history. ——第二档8分
从考生想表达的意思和结构形式来看,是符合题意的。但限于语言水平,结果言不达意。所以,对于中国高考考生而言,关键的问题既不是外国文化的输入问题,也不是中国文化的输出问题,或者说,这仅仅就是一个语言问题,与文化本身并无多大关系。问题的核心还是在如何使用正确达意的语汇来表达基本的意思,或实现题意所需的句子或语段。
从本句来看,四大文明古国的表述问题,说白了就是汉译英出了毛病,这是因为考生心中先有了汉语或汉语框架,所以导致了翻译的过程。见多识广的中国高考考生心中汉语有万语千言,但一旦要诉诸纸笔下的英语,一切就变了。点点相译,似是而非,且不考虑语言形式(数的问题,修饰的问题等)。这种可有可无的扩展或发散,虽然相关,但难说相近。当然这种发散对于考生的汉语水平而言,简直是小菜,但对于这个层次考生的英语而言,要想硬译这种专有名词,几无可能。这也多少表明平时教师在教学中很少关注一些文化要素中基本要件的汉英转换的介绍。
专有名词或专有名词短语往往在语言交流中扮演重要的角色,且在交流中最易卡壳,因此,在这个意义上,专有名词的重要性要远远超过一般动词。如果遣词不当或生搬硬套(硬性翻译)往往老外会不知所云。使用普通名词来表述那些只能由专有名词才能指称的事物时,很难在交流中形成共识,误读或误解就会不期而至,一如以日常概念代替学术概念的困惑。四大文明古国,首先文明这个词建议使用civilization,而古国,建议使用ancient,而不使用old。如果结构上勉强翻译成four ancient countries of civilization可能不会被扣分,但这只是依着考生的思路或结构进行的硬译。文明古国这个概念更多地在西方采用the cradle of civilization的说法,这就是所谓的term。
由于这种与主题相关(不是很近,但也不是太远)的旁逸斜出,结果使得考生画地为牢,作茧自缚。“思如泉涌”出来的汉语句子,也不知道是写好,还是不写好。写的话可能出错,不写的话觉得没有什么彩头。所以说,思维的旁逸斜出不能超出考生的语言能力范畴,否则有点人吃亏,戏不好看。
紧接着后边半句考生连续犯了几个低级错误,包括have,various of 以及culture about history的晕晕乎乎。仔细想来都是旁逸斜出造成的错误。但是,必要的枝节本身也是可以接受的。只是名词性表述如何做到准确,需要平时在阅读中做到有意关注。这不是单纯的背诵问题,背诵永远解决不了考场上考生千奇百怪的母语思维所形成各种奇葩想法。
这三个句子(实际上应该只算两个)本来只想说明一下唐朝历史的重要性,结果这种逸出由于语言水平的限制导致错误不断,而且统统是低级错误的“公然”陈列。一旦这种低级错误的表达映入阅卷者的眼帘,考生的灾难就开始了。
上课的时间、地点、内容乃是几个关键点。问题是约时间怎么约?是到天还是到点?上课这一具体活动如果没有精确到点是不合实际的。另外,从高中学生特别是高三学生的实际来看,似乎唯有周末可行。一直到快结束才出现时间与地点的交代,可见该考生“城府之深”!而时间表述又不合常规。表述不合常规也是考生失分的一个原因。准确地、常规地用英文表达出时间、地点成了该考生不堪承受之重。
I hope you don’t come late. ——第二档8分
这句话说与不说并无实际影响,而且,语法上也不够妥帖,徒增阅卷者的不快。
At the moment, you will practice your Chinese and find many important information. ——第二档8分
撇开语言问题不说,这句话也没有能表达出与主题严格一致的思想。了解唐朝历史有助于理解唐诗。唐诗是目的,了解唐朝历史是辅助手段。考生应该在起草之初仔细揣摩如何实现这个意思的表达。
I am thanks for you reward this letter! See you again! ——第二档8分
My name is LIHUA. Yeah! No matter your Chinese teacher.
Last time my some told you still remember? Next time my plan teache you learning desty. I help you can airily know. Because China is have long history native.
Maybe Chinese for your have a little difficult. But china is beautiful you hard to know it. You will discover “China” don’t only larger more it this is rabit your will fall in love it.
My either want with you study my England friend my decide time tomorrow the afternoon. “PLACE” in school. Wait for you. (95词)
My name is LIHUA. Yeah! No matter your Chinese teacher. ——第一档3分
起句尚可理解。紧随其后还来了个欢欣鼓舞,普大喜奔的Yeah! 实在是颇费猜详。第二句就更无法猜想了。
Last time my some told you still remember? Next time my plan teache you learning desty. I help you can airily know. Because China is have long history native.——第一档3分
该考生依着汉语的思路确实是想说点什么,但究竟想说什么呢?奈何语言障碍,无法实现。
Maybe Chinese for your have a little difficult. But china is beautiful you hard to know it. You will discover “China” don’t only larger more it this is rabit your will fall in love it. ——第一档3分
没有表达要点,跑题或切题不紧,结果因为考生的语言障碍直接造成了目标读者(阅卷者)的阅读障碍。
My either want with you study my England friend my decide time tomorrow the afternoon. “PLACE” in school. Wait for you. ——第一档3分(95词)
(未完待续)
1. 高考英语书面表达评分档位样卷比较研究(上)——以2017年高考英语全国卷I为例
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