动词部分

（一）船舶所处于或遭遇的状态或情况

接船   take ( took/taken) over
如：为适应接船人员赴日本接船的需要，准予在上海至日本航线临时搭载接船人员20人。
    In order to meet the requirement of taking over ship in Japan, the said ship is temporarily granted to sail on the Sino-Japanese Lines with accommodation of persons for taking over ships.

交船   deliver
如：为了交船给新船东，该轮空载前吃水2’后吃水20’ 从新加坡航行至上海。
    The ship sailed in ballast condition with draft 2’ F, 20’ A from Singapore to Shanghai in order to be delivered to new owner.

租船   charter
如：航次租船
voyage charter
定期租船
time charter
包运租船
contract of affrightment
    光船租船
bare boat chartering
航次期租船（日租租船）
time charter on trip basis
如：该轮已开始British Steel PLC的定期租船。
    The vessel had commenced a time charter to British Steel PLC.

拆船   scrap (scrapped)
如：据告之该油轮易船东后将被拆，上述损坏免除修理。
    It was reported that the tanker would be scrapped after the tanker’s owner being changed and the above-mentioned damage was exempted from repair.

扣船
船舶被扣留the ship was detained by …
扣留撤消detention raised

退役
船舶退役           be suspended from service
船舶永久性退役     be permanently taken out of service


装货               load
卸货               discharge, unload
满载…吨货物       laden with cargo of … tons,
                   loading … tons of cargo
驳货:
（发给）           transfer cargo to M.V.“XXX”
                   deliver cargo from M.V. “XXX”
                   lighten cargo
（接收）           receive cargo

满载状态           in full load condition
空载状态            in light condition
压载状态    in ballast condition
空放               (船) in ballast (condition);
                   (驳船) in light condition

重新调整压载水      re-trim ballast water

水线                waterline
轻重水线间          between light & load waterlines, between boot topping
吃水                draft (draught)
吃水标尺            draft (draught) scale
吃水差              trim
首尾等吃水、平吃水  trim on (an) even keel


船位   position
如：船位：东经122o36’，北纬34o06’
at position: 122o36’E, 34o06’N
at lat. 34o06’N by long. 122o36’E,        
纬度latitude： 南（北）纬 north (south) latitude
经度longitude： 东（西）经 east (west) longitude

定位   positioned, fix location

复位   re-positioned

交换位置 interchange location with

方位  bearing
如：航向方位  course bearing
    锚泊方位  anchor bearing

位于上(下)游         be situated up (down) stream
上（下）游江边      on the river side of upstream(downstream) end
长江上（中、下）游  the upper (middle, lower) reaches of the Changjiang River


航区 service area, navigation area, trade area
近海航区  Greater Coastal Service
沿海航区  Coastal Service
遮蔽航区  Sheltered Water Service
无限航区  Unrestricted Service   
如：航区改变
    The trade area was altered from unrestricted service to great coastal service.

航道 channel, fairway, waterway
如：确保水道无障碍
ensure no obstacles existing in the fairway

航向  course
如：当左右主机同转速全速前进，并当右操舵装置的操纵指示为偏右约7o时，  才能使船保持定向航行。
    When both the port & std main engines ran full speed ahead at the same r.p.m. with the maneuvering indicator for the std steering gear pointed to the position of about 7o std, the ship could keep a straight course.
如：在航向上
on the course
如：保持航向
    hold course
如：改变航向
    altered course to

航线  route
如：在航途中
    en route (to)

航次  voyage
多航次  multi voyages
来回航次 return voyage
单航次（单程一水）single voyage
如：同意该轮单程一水从上海港到XXX。
    The ship is granted to sail for a single voyage from Shanghai Harbor to XXX.
如：本报告所作结论适用于该轮多航次/单航次装运上述危险货物。
    The conclusion given in this report is applicable to the said ship carrying goods listed above for multi/single voyages.

廻转
如：船向左廻转。
    The ship turned to port.
如：廻转360o约五分钟
    The ship made one complete turning circle within about 5 minutes.

调头
调头出港turn (swing) for departure/leaving
正调头出港while turning round for departure/leaving

航行sail, navigate, proceed
开航前 before the ship starting voyage
       before the ship’s departure
开始航行 start voyage
开往…   to be bound for …; to be underway
开往外地的、开往国外的  outbound

自航  sail by her own power

护航  escort, convoy
如：护航
conduct escort operation
under the escort of
under the convoy of

偏航  deviate
如：为了保护该轮及其所载货物，该轮必须偏离规定的航向，有时必须减慢航速。
    To protect the ship and her cargo, the ship had to deviate from the prescribed course and sometimes the ship’s speed was reduced.

顺流航行  sail down stream
逆流航行  sail up stream
顶流      against the current
顺流      with the current
逆流而上  go up stream
顺流淌下  flow down stream
如：“XXXX”轮在上海港黄浦江第30号浮筒附近顺流而下时与逆流而上的该驳发生了碰撞。
    The M.V. “XXXX” sailing down stream collided with the said barge sailing up stream near No.30 buoy of Huangpu River in Shanghai Harbor.

航行中 during this voyage, on the voyage,
       while sailing, while proceeding
       during navigation, ,
如：1999年第45航次从大阪到上海
on the voyage No.45 of 1999 from Osaka to Shanghai
如：在该轮离开XX港去上海港的航行途中
on the voyage from XX to Shanghai Harbor
如：该轮至上海的航行途中
while the ship proceeding to Shanghai

继续航行 continuously sail,
         continue on voyage, continue her service
         proceed to sea
如：同意该轮继续航行
    The ship is granted to continue her service

经过  pass
如：该论经过长江口65#浮筒附近时
    while the ship passing in vicinity of No.65 buoy of Changjiangkou

途经 via
如：从上海途经秦皇岛赴香港
    from Shanghai to Hong Kong via Qinhuangdao

绕经        round
如：该轮绕经好望角。
    The ship rounded the Cape of good Hope.

中途停靠    call at

到达某地 arrive at (in)

离开某地 depart from, leave
离开某地赴某地 depart from… for….
               leave… for…
如：该轮航行出港赴XXX
The ship departed from Shanghai Harbor for XXX

入口 entrance
如：长江口
    Changjiang Entrance

港口
(一般用语，指天然或人工的港均可，特指商业上用的港)  harbo(u)r,
(指人工的港，指有国家的或商业的关系的harbo(u)r; 又指有港的市) port
harbo(u)r 通常用在专有名词后面
port 通常用在专有名词前面
出发港    port of departure
停靠港    port of call
目的港    port of destination
到达港    port of arrival
卸货港    port of discharge
自由港    free port
对外贸易港    open port
不冻港    ice-free port
避难港    port of distress

码头（一般用语）  wharf
    （特指与海岸成直角形而突出的码头） pier
（特指与海岸相平行的码头） quay
浮码头  pontoon
集装箱、油品等码头terminal

装卸区 stevedoring area

泊位  berth
如：没有空泊位
    There is no vacant berth.


避开  to be kept well clear of
      to be arranged clear of
      to be clear from
如：该轮变更航向以便远离危险区。
    The ship altered his course so as to fo well clear of the damage zone.

浮筒  buoy
浮筒沉锤sunken cement block

防波堤 breakwater
海岸   shore
海岸线 coast
海峡   strait, channel
海湾   bay, gulf（比bay大的海湾）   
海滩   beach
礁石   reef; rock, submerged rock（暗礁）


抛锚  cast anchor,
      drop anchor,
      stream anchor
抛（锚）牢    hold down
如：该轮在长江口灯船附近抛锚用的是右舷首锚及其锚链。
    The ship anchored near the Changjiangkou light vessel with the std bower anchor and its chain cables.
如：此时，抛下右锚（约抛出40米锚链）以增加阻力防漂至岸，等待救助
    At that time, the ship dropped std anchor with about 40m of chain cables for increasing resistance with a hope to prevent her from drifting ashore and grounding and to wait assistance.
如：左锚抛锚时，当锚链落水1-2节后，有时发生锚抛不出去的情况。
    The port anchor sometimes could not further run out after dropping anchor with a length of 1 to 2 lengths of chain cables into water.

起锚  weigh anchor,
      heave anchor

收锚  fish anchor,
      stow anchor

走锚  
如：The ship dragged her anchor.
    The ship’s anchor was dragging.

靠泊 lying alongside（静态）
     being maneuvered to berth alongside（动态）
     going alongside（动态）
如：该轮正在靠泊高阳码头时，突遇漂近来的两艘驳船。
While the ship going alongside Gaoyang Wharf, two barges were drifting towards her.

靠泊在该轮外档      mooring outboard the ship
如：当“XXXX”轮调头出港时，碰撞了靠泊在该轮外档的驳船。
    While the M.V. “XXXX” turning round for departure from Shanghai Harbor, the ship collided with the barge, which was mooring outboard the said ship.

并行靠泊  lying/berthing abreast alongside
如：该轮螺旋浆激起巨大的水流使得航标工作船激烈地上下摇晃，并与其它平行靠泊的船舶发生碰撞。
    The ship’s propeller stirred strong current to make the beacon service ship “B-251” heave and roll severely and collide with other ships lying abreast alongside.
  
停靠在该码头第三挡  lying/berthing thirdly alongside the wharf


系泊  be moored at（静）
      moor to（动）

解缆  unmoor

移泊 shift（动）
如：该轮在移泊系浮筒时
    while the ship shifting to moor to the buoy
如：移动锚位  
shift anchor position

锚泊  be anchored at
锚地  anchorage
检疫锚地 quarantine anchorage
锚地底质 holding ground

拖航 tow
如：在打捞船救助下，渔船被拖至并搁在吴淞口A-12浮筒附近的浦东侧浅滩上。
    Under the rescue by the salvage ship “XXX”, the fishing boat was towed to ground at shallow water area on Pudong side near the buoy No.A-12 at Wusongkou

绑拖  tow alongside
如： xxxx年6月1日该轮在该二艘渔船的绑拖下安全返回。
     Under being towed alongside by the two fishing ships, the fishing ship “XXXX” safely returned to Jushandao on June 1, xxxx.

搁置  be laid up
如：船舶完工后没立即投入使用，而是被搁置了一段时期。
When a ship upon completion if not immediately put into commission, but is laid up for a period.

进坞  dock

出坞  undock

上排  be laid on slipway

顶推  push
如：该轮卸货后离开上海港时，在12时8分与正在黄浦江顶推四条甲板驳的“XXX”拖轮发生碰撞。
While leaving Shanghai Harbour on completion of discharging, the ship collided with the tugboat “XXX” pushing four deck barges in Huangpu River at 1208 hours on (date) and thus damage was sustained.