A Declaration of Women's Rights in Islamic Societies

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Free Inquiry magazine, Vol1７　（４）

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下划线和黑体为我所加

We, the undersigned, believe that the oppression of women is a grave offense against all of humanity and that such offense is an impediment to social and moral progress throughout the world.

We therefore cannot ignore the oppression of women by orthodox and fundamentalist religions. We cannot deny history, which shows that these religions were devised and enforced by men who claimed divine justification for the subordination of women to men. We cannot forget that the three Abrahamic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, with the Old Testament, New Testament, and the Koran as their respective holy texts, consider women inferior in every way to men: physically, morally, and intellectually.

亚伯拉罕系三教均歧视妇女：生理上，道德上和智识上．

We also note that, whereas women in the Christian West and Israel have ameliorated their lot considerably through their own heroic efforts, their sisters in the Islamic world, and even within Islamic communities in the West, have been thwarted in their valiant attempts to rise above the inferior position imposed upon them by centuries of Islamic custom and law.

妇女权利和地位在以色列以及西方均得到大大改善；然而在伊斯兰社会，包括在西方的移民穆斯林社区，妇女仍然没有能力摆脱加在她们身上近百年的伊斯兰传统和法律的束缚．

We have watched as official Islamization programs in Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Iran, the Sudan, and Afghanistan, among others, have led to serious violations of the human rights of women. Muslim conservatives in all Muslim countries, and even in nominally secular India, have refused to recognize women as full, equal human beings who deserve the same rights and freedoms as men.

沙特，巴基斯坦，伊郎，苏丹，阿富汗等国官方推行的伊斯兰化，带来了对妇女和人权的严重侵犯．保守的穆斯林，甚至在印度这样的世俗国家，仍然否认女性是完全的人，否认女性应该和男性享有平等的权利和自．

Women in many Islamic societies are expected to marry, obey their husbands, bring up children, stay at home, and avoid participation in public life. At every stage of their lives, they are denied free choice and the fundamental right of autonomy. They are forbidden to acquire an education, prevented from getting a job, and thwarted from exploring their full potential as members of the human community.

在许多伊斯兰社会，妇女被期望结婚，遵从他们的父亲，留在家中教育子女，避免公众生活；在这些社会中，在她们生命生活中的每一步，每一阶段，都没有自由选择权和自决权．她们被禁止获得教育，被阻碍获得工作．她们无法发展她们作为人类一分子应该在人类社会中享有的潜能．

We therefore declare that ...

我们宣布 

• The subordinate place of women in Islamic societies should give way to equality. A woman should have freedom of action, should be able to travel alone, should be permitted to uncover her face, and should be allowed the same inheritance rights as a man.

　　　　女性在伊斯兰社会的被压迫状况应该让位于男女平等；　女性应有自由行动权；（ＫＧＢ注：在伊　斯兰传统和伊斯兰教法规定下，女性必须有男性亲人陪同之下才能上街）；她们应该被允许展露她们的面部（ＫＧ注：在不少伊斯兰社会女性仍被禁止展露面部和其他身体部位）；她们应该被允许获得同男性一样的继承权（ＫＧＢ注：古兰经规定男性获得的财产继承是女性的两倍）

• She should not be subject to gruesome ritual mutilations of her person.

　　　　妇女不应被施加暴力的肢体残害（ＫＧＢ注：在旧伊斯兰传统和伊斯兰教法的社会，通奸，伪装男性，做其他不符合和伦理规范的女性，将被公开用石头活活掷死，这一习俗在东西非，中亚一些落后社会仍然被遵从并受到普遍谴责．此残害法专为女性设定．　古兰经亦明确规定对女性的其他的残害办法；在通奸一条上，古兰经明确指出男性不需要对妻子遵守贞洁（见本ＢＬＯＧ＜伊斯兰妇女观＞系列文章）

• On reaching the legal age, she should be free to marry a man of her own choice without permission from a putative guardian or parents. She should be free to marry a non-Muslim. She should be free to divorce and be entitled to maintenance in the case of divorce.

　　　　女性应该有自由婚嫁的权利，不受父母和监护人的干扰，自由选择她自己心爱的人作为配偶（ＫＧＢ注：妇女必须被家族安排婚姻，经常被嫁给从未谋面的男性．这一陈旧伊斯兰习俗除了在许多社会仍然存在，甚至甚至被巴基斯坦移民带到英国来．这是对女性权利的严重否定和践踏）　她应该有嫁给非穆斯林的自由；她应该有选择离婚的自由并获得应有的补偿和扶养费（ＫＧＢ注：古兰经反反复复规定男性休妻的事益，并有一段专门规定休妻程序和办法；古兰经当然只规定了男性的权益，女性是否能休夫呢？）

• She should have equal access to education, equal opportunities for higher education, and be free to choose her subject of study. She should be free to choose her own job and should be allowed to fully participate in public life - from politics and sports to the arts and sciences.

       她应该和男性一样的获得教育／高等教育的权利与机会；她应能自由选择她的专业；她应该能自由选择职业；她应该被允许参加公众生活　－　从政治，体育，艺术，到科学．（ＫＧＢ注：传统伊斯兰社会对女性教育有极大限制：是虽然女性大多有初等教育的权利和机会，但阿拉伯国家女性文盲率仍然达到五成以上；女性大多不能进入高等教育，因为缺乏资源，亲人鼓励和社区内的道德允许；传统的伊斯兰社会，女性不能自由参加政治；女性在学术科研机构里比率远远低于男女在人口中的比重．女性不能自由选择参加各种项目的体育．请注意留意奥运会中，哪些伊斯兰国家的女性参加哪些体育项目？）

• In Islamic societies, she should enjoy the same human rights as those guaranteed under International Human Rights legislation.

　　　　在伊斯兰社会中，她应该和男性一样，获得和国家人权法规定人应该享有的人权．

Islam may not be the sole factor in the repression of women. Local, social, economic, political, and educational forces as well as the prevalence of pre-Islamic customs must also be taken into consideration. But Islam and the application of the sharia, Islamic law, remain a major obstacle to the evolution of the position of women.

伊斯兰并不是压迫女性的唯一社会因素：地方性的，社会性的，经济的，政治的，教育的种种因素和力量以及前伊斯兰社会的习俗，都是构成因素．然而伊斯兰以及伊斯兰法的推行，仍然是妨碍提高女性地位，妨碍女性发展的一个重大障碍．

To achieve these basic human rights for women, we advocate that the question of women's status be removed from the religious sphere altogether, that governments institute a separation of religion and state, and that authorities enact a uniform civil code under which all are equal.

In the name of justice, for the sake of human progress, and for the benefit of all the wives, daughters, sisters, and mothers of the world, we call for all societies to respect the human rights of women.

联署人

• Reza Afshari, Iran, Political Scientist
• Sadik al Azm, Syria, Philosopher
• Mahshid Amir-Shahy, Iran, Author, Social Critic, and Founder of the Defense League for Rushdie, France
• Masud Ansari, Iran, Physician, Author, United States
• Bahram Azad, Iran, Scholar, Physician, United States
• Parvin Darabi, Scholar, Homa Darabi Foundation, United States
• Khalid Duran, Professor of Political Science, Editor and Founder of TransState Islam, Founder of the Ibn Khaldun Society, United States
• Ranjana Hossain, Executive Director of the Assembly of Free Thinkers, Bangladesh
• Mustafa Hussain, Sudan, Advisory Board, Ibn Khaldun Society, United States
• Ramine Kamrane, Iran, Political Scientist, France
• Ioanna Kucuradi, Philosopher, Turkish Human Rights Commission and Secretary General, International Federation of Philosophical Societies, Turkey
• Luma Musa, Palestine, Communications Researcher, United Kingdom
• Taslima Nasrin, Bangladesh, Author, Physician, Social Critic
• Hossainur Rahman, India, Social Historian, Columnist, Asiatic Society of Calcutta
• Siddigur Rahman, Bangladesh, Former Research Fellow, Islamic Research Institute
• Armen Saginian, Iran, Editor, Publisher, United States
• Anwar Shaikh, Pakistan, Author, Social Critic, United Kingdom
• Ibn Warraq, India, Author, Why I Am Not a Muslim, United States

  http://www.secularhumanism.org/library/fi/women_17_4.html