http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/9b3e2a9681de4321be370592914a98ba.jpeg

法隆寺位于日本奈良生驹郡斑鸠町，是圣德太子于飞鸟时代建造的佛教木结构寺庙，据传始建于607年。比我国现存最早的木构建筑，五台山南禅寺大殿还要早100多年。

公元6世纪中叶，中国的寺塔建筑，随着佛教传入日本。法隆寺即是现存日本最古的南朝式木结构佛教建筑群之一。寺内其他建筑有金堂、中门、回廊和佛塔。该寺的布局、结构以及形式无不受到我国南朝时期建筑的影响。

从法隆寺木构建筑上，可以推演中国早期木结构建筑营造技艺。

接下来，我们将跟随工匠们的脚步，来看看木构庙宇的建造过程。

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/0575f411fbf440f5b87bda87fee91623.png

一名古建工匠的体验

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/a879f42dbf5e45beafab53c53fb6aacc.png

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/b2b14a0a4d8549cd8eb3cc4dc3f7bef8.jpeg

匠人工具

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/1e79e2ad874440a78a937173e669f5dc.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/906e45ba1f9347e5bbfa70fb3fd6aef5.jpeg

搬运柱顶石

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/9b1608e24249400482be1b5c6a57becb.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/247fa95c87ef4e9d93fe67545c76a312.jpeg

水平尺固定高度

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/54da87e8f0f947599acefb9501e07b44.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/e739c70a7c6b4a649bc77d508a1f066b.jpeg

伐木，准备木材

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/1ae899c84c7e4e47bc8470640f9486dd.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/ffb6e71c3d2046398a9ce3c4314e345d.jpeg

柱子制作

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/f70b750bb4464ea1a3e43c7c4af2a300.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/28af2fb98bfa49579af7c4e405fbcf25.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/87531ca919a745a8a8774c49a3a79ba7.jpeg

立柱

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/60a247946f5840e1b06fe95f0455a9f8.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/34f5a84e50474925a0a9b8d0d2b81500.jpeg

斗拱制作

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/d2ea294fda3d4d42a701550243fdb888.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/d1f33fe4e0c84ae09749e1be22fc0732.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/93fddd8391df421e8fd8cf32dd64435a.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/fd1d879ffe2b4c41b5448af82302414d.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/01d9192a8bd94857914279113b0a2003.jpeg

木构架安装

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/5c59c57e37fe4dd2b4795a6f8122a5e3.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/59c0f6b5072f44ae97f4fecd0f658100.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/4bc2602da97f4f40a1d9dcc1c0537b68.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/4caba61f0dd74efeb0a3f76c56cdbff2.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/5d4588aa207b4080a7fd5cacb50b9753.jpeg

瓦作

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/54d53ef2ce114b7bac68148a1a791c87.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/aac660a4a4004ed9b559494d9ed7961a.jpeg

烧瓦

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/5e39fd8fabfe420481687a824b133406.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/94624704d3aa4116865369ae77758bd6.jpeg

盖瓦

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/8929dd2e5a834358ab116d16a787d2bc.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/fc1bc151e7304232908f76e26b0c3a15.jpeg

杠杆原理的屋檐体系

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/f62031562c1a4d7d9d2ebafd79b263e1.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/fe581c90896b4e87bd2167c2478e910d.jpeg

墙面制作过程

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/bebaae120b01462499f81a906fdcc633.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/7df5897e1b904ad999ce9b266b95060b.jpeg

栏板木装修安装

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/3bef9e5f25ee40e7aa0eb3ef7323f1bf.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/a1976644ae5a4543a14bf0ec3f3c3e32.jpeg

木门安装

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/509e0092d1eb46a8a23c54102b25a7cd.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/52a2b93069ea4812bf8535d3db88b591.jpeg

采石

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/bae21689bc8c4aedb563d15a10b0bab5.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/cf655b15fce0477eb728436dc64065e6.jpeg

台基制作安装

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/318084ca42b4410eb14557beb2a2411d.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/c2d2835a326e4b02b23367869a713c61.jpeg

彩绘

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/fe9900379e3048d89a137f1b0e46adfb.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/3535b389266d4e10a73e9a2f036740f4.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/c6ed99eaed4c44afba0b8b8a631f5513.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/41218f81b74f49a694b0354dc89e9161.jpeg

造像

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/cf42b76ec07a40f9afc964ac2a312cd3.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/6a2d9c8438914f6aa2bdd59500cfbca5.jpeg

建筑完成后的金堂立面剖面

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/ae4c449403a44757a4f6e24136144c95.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/18074902c658439a808dd1df72c8c0d0.png

成品

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/d07d04a4b5ad4dcbbbc7a970fd1ef7af.png

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/02ea927bf12044e88cad4c9c00a7864f.jpeg

http://5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com/images/20180114/5f51584322d14efaa0552b775a8883d9.jpeg

看了法隆寺的基本建筑过程，从法隆寺的布局、结构以及形式来看，无不受到我国南朝时期建筑的影响。

本文图片：来源于网络

北京大学古建筑规划设计专业人才研修班第五期