每日新闻第1133  20131203

图片显示男女大脑不同的原因：女性天生可同时做多件事

2 December 2013 | UPDATED: 01:04 GMT, 3 December 2013

Women have known it for generations – and the proof has finally arrived. Scientists have found that the female brain is ‘hard-wired’ to be better at multi-tasking. Men’s brains, in comparison, are better at concentrating on single complex tasks – whether it be reading a map or cooking a meal.

    据《英国每日邮报》12月3日报道，几代相传的事实，终于有了证据。科学家已经发现，女人大脑天生擅长同时做多件事情。相比之下，男人的大脑更擅长集中精力做复杂的工作，无论是看地图还是做饭。

http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2013/12/02/article-2516990-19C8CF3F00000578-402_634x606.jpg

科学家对949人的大脑进行扫描，结果发现女人更擅长同时做多件事情，而男人更擅长集中精力做一件事情。（上：男人大脑，下：女人大脑）

Scientists scanned the brains of 949 young men and women in the biggest investigation of its kind to date. Using hi-tech diffusion MRI imaging, they mapped the connections between the different parts of the brains.

The researchers discovered that women have far better connections between the left and right sides of the brain, while men display more intense activity within the brain’s individual parts, especially in the cerebellum, which controls motor skills.

Men also have better connections between the front and back of the brain, giving them a better ability to quickly perceive information and use it immediately to carry out complex tasks.

    科学家对949名男女大脑进行了扫描，这是至今进行的最大一次调查。科学家使用了核磁共振成像，记录了大脑不同部分之间的连接点。研究人员发现，女性左、右脑之间的连接部分更好些，而男性大脑内部个别地方十分活跃，尤其是小脑，小脑负责运动技巧。男人前脑和后脑之间的连接部分很好，这使他们有较好的能力迅速发现信息并马上用它处理复杂的任务。

This means they are better at things such as learning to swim or, as the old bone of contention has it, parking a car. Women are better at, for example, remembering a face, which means making connections between different parts of the brain.

The results are likely to be seen as  supporting the theory behind best-selling pop psychology book Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus – that the sexes are as different as alien races.

Dr Ragini Verma, who carried out the study with colleagues at the University of Pennsylvania, said: ‘Of course individuals will differ, always.

‘But we said, if you take 1,000 people and analyse the data statistically, what would the male brain look like and what would the female brain look like?’

    这意味着他们擅长做这类事情，例如学习游泳或者停车，对此已争论很久了。女性更擅长，例如，记住一张脸，这意味着大脑不同部分之间的连接。可见，其研究结果是支持畅销书《男人来自火星,女人来自金星》的理论——性别差异如同外星种族。美国宾夕法尼亚大学合作的Ragini Verma博士说：‘当然，个体总是有差异的。但我们说，如果你对千人进行大脑扫描，男性大脑会什么样，女性大脑又会什么样？’ 

She explained: ‘The research shows that if women and men are given a task that involves both logical thinking and intuitive thinking, women will do it better – they are better at connecting the left and the right sides of the brain.

 If you have an instant action to be performed and you need to do it now, male brains are more attuned to it because the front-back action is more intensely connected.

 Speaking about men’s aptitude for motor skills, she said: ‘The intense activity in the cerebellum means men would be better at learning to ride a bike, learning to swim, reading maps.’

    她解释说：‘研究显示，假如给男人和女人一个涉及到逻辑思维和直觉思维的任务，女人会做得更好，因为女性更擅长连接左脑和右脑。如果你有一个行动需要立即执行，而且需要现在去做，男性大脑会更合拍，因为前后活动会被更加紧密联系起来。’谈到男人运动技巧方面的天资，她说：‘小脑剧烈活动意味着男人更擅长学习骑车、学习游泳，看地图。’

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The study, involving 428 males and 521 females aged between eight and 22, found that female brains were better at bringing varied pieces of information together.

Dr Verma said: ‘If you had to do a task like remembering a face, picking somebody out in a party, that would require you to connect several parts of the brain. Where did I see that face last, what do I see in this person, do I remember this person from somewhere?

 ‘That requires the connection of various sub-networks in the brain – something women are better able to do.’

    428名男性和521名女性参与了这次研究活动，他们的年龄在8——22岁之间。研究发现，女性大脑更擅长把给种信息汇集在一起。Verma博士说：‘如果你必须记住一个面孔，在派对中认出某人，这需要你把大脑几个部分连接起来。上次在什么地方见这张脸？我见过这人什么 ? 我记得在某处见过这个人吗？这需要把大脑各种各样的分网络连接起来，这些是女人更擅长做的一些事情。’

She said that although it has been known for some time that abilities differ by gender, the study showed that these differences are ‘hard-wired’.

‘These are connections that exist in your brain no matter what,’ she said.

‘Of course, individually, this will have variability. The next step would be to quantify this variability.’

     她说，虽然我们已经知道性别不同，能力就不同，但研究显示，这些差异是天生的。她说，‘无论什么，这些是在大脑中存在的联系。当然，从个人来讲，这会有变化。下一步将量化这个变化性。’

The findings, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, also revealed that the difference between genders became pronounced only after puberty.

 The participants were split into three age groups, aged eight to 13, 13 and four months to 16, and 17 to 22. The youngest group’s brains showed far less difference than those of the older two.

 The report said: ‘The results showed fundamental sex differences in the architecture of the human brain.

‘Male brains facilitate connectivity between perception and co-ordinated action, whereas female brains facilitate communication between analytical and intuitive processing modes.'

    研究还揭示，性别之间的差异仅在青春期过后才变得明显。这些研究结果发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上。参与者被分成三个年龄组，8—13岁、13零4个月—16岁和17—22岁。最年轻组的大脑显示，其差异远比另外两组小。报告称：‘研究结果显示了在人类大脑结构中基本的性别差异。男性大脑促进察觉和协调活动之间的连通性，而女性大脑促进分析和直觉处理方式之间的交流。’

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2516990/Sorry-chaps-brains-arent-multi-tasking-But-women-hard-wired-juggle-jobs.html