戈兰高地这个名字我想大家都很熟悉了。能够走进以色列亲眼看一看戈兰高地，也是我此次旅行的兴趣点之一。当我真正站在戈兰高地借助长焦镜头远望时，我终于明白：                                                                            戈兰高地为什么会成为叙以争端的焦点，因为触摸到了叙利亚  以色列的神经。                                              （1）戈兰高地南北长71公里，中部约43公里，面积18000公里（目前以色列控制12000公里），最高海拔黑门山2814米。戈兰高地位于叙利亚的西南部，西部与以色列接壤。只要站在格兰高地，就能居高临下俯瞰到加利利谷地以及叙利亚边陲。戈兰高地就是一天然屏障，无论是以色列还是叙利亚，谁控制了格兰高地，谁就控制了主动权，这就是戈兰高地的战略意义。                                                                                                             （2）以色列是一个沙漠中的国家，极其缺水。而格兰高地被称为“水塔“。它的西南部临约旦河上游的太巴列湖，每年的降水量约500--800毫米，以色列国内百分之四十的用水来自这里。加利利湖亦是以色列的淡水来源，戈兰高地与加利利湖山水相依，起到了很好的保护作用。1967年，“6·5”战争中，以色列担心叙利亚和约旦会改变约旦河上游的流向，切断以色列水源，于是用武力控制了戈兰高地和约旦河整个河道，同时占领了这些河流发源地的大部分地方。




                                     此片中的加利利湖与戈兰高地（远景处）山水相依

                                                                                                                                                                       其实，第一次世界大战后，戈兰高地隶属于法国统治地叙利亚，1941年独立后的叙利亚拥有戈兰高地的主权。1948年以色列建国后，周边的埃及  叙利亚等阿拉伯国家与之发生战争，叙利亚开始在戈兰高地构筑工事。 1967年“6·5”战争中以色列最终占领戈兰高地，叙利亚撤走了守军，大部分居民也逃离了戈兰高地。            1973年第四次中东战争中，以色列撤离戈兰高地东部的狭长地带让出库奈特拉城，设立了1·2至3·6英里的缓冲地带，联合国派维和部队进驻，以色列在占领区修建了数十个犹太人定居点。                                                     之后双方都在为此争端会谈。                                                                                                                        直到1995年，拉宾再次就任总理，声明交出戈兰高地以换取中东和平。拉宾说：戈兰高地是叙利亚的领土，我们是在叙利亚的国土上定居的，我们不想继续保持对叙利亚领土的控制。                                                        遗憾的是拉宾总理被以色列极右分子杀害了。                                                                                                以色列国家新闻网曾说：“它（以色列）是世界上唯一没有宣示国界的国家”，有的只是停战线。                   巴以最终谈判的首要问题是边境划分问题，这是巴以和平进程的实质。

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       走进戈兰高地体验战壕中的穿梭


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       位于以色列北部的戈兰高地，东边可遥望叙利亚，北边可观赏黑门山


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              以色列在占领区修建了数十个犹太人定居点


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         在戈兰高地俯瞰加利利谷地

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      片中白色的房子是维和部队的营房

                                                                                                                                                                       在戈兰高地的可以看到当年的“眼泪谷”，                                                                                                    “眼泪谷”是“6·5”战争中的主要战场，                                                                                                      以色列以少于40辆的坦克击败了多于500辆的阿拉伯坦克，                                                                             广阔的山谷中仿佛还能听到坦克的轰鸣声。                

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      在戈兰高地上还可以遥望叙利亚边境


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           当年战争中使用的战壕


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       当年战争中使用的战壕          

                                                                                                                                                                       戈兰高地距离耶路撒冷240公里，距离约旦首都135公里，距离海法85公里，                                                  距离叙利亚首都大马士革只有60公里。                                                                                                          被称为“以色列之眼”。

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         这里生长着很多的蜥蜴，它们也是“沙漠中的居民”

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    战争打破了它们的平静，你看到它的眼神了吗？它鄙视战争！


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        在这曾经兵戎相见的高地上，竟出现了如此柔美的色彩与画面

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      柔柔的荒草中潜藏着的铁丝网


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          与维和部队的军人合影

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             走出戈兰高地，有朋友问以色列导游艾拉：你们真的想归还戈兰高地吗？                                                        艾拉说：早晚的事，要还的，要还的----


在回来的路上，艾拉教了我们一首很好听的当地歌曲，                                                                                    名字记不清了，大意是祝愿平安。                                                                                                                  优美的歌声在车内回荡，带着一丝丝的忧伤----

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     祝愿天下平安，祈盼和平之花永远盛开

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     （谢谢浏览    待续）