美国翻译家葛浩文关于中国文学的演讲
原帖地址:http://www.ou.edu/clt/magazine.html
Memory, Speak
Howard Goldblatt

Photo by Allen Krughoff
In his keynote speech from the Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association's 2010 conference, celebrated translator Howard Goldblatt offers his readers a glimpse into the beginnings of his own forty-year love affair with the Chinese language. As he implores the "puppets of memory" to speak, he recounts how a single memorized poem, with its specific cadences and meanings, continues to provide a still point within his life—a space to which he can return time and again to gain a greater perspective and appreciation of the close relationship between language, literature, and life.
I am privileged to have the opportunity to be with you today. When the invitation to speak arrived, the first idea that popped into my head stemmed from a book I'd read by my former dean at Notre Dame, entitled Why Literature Matters in the Twenty-First Century. I thought about narrowing that down to my views on why translated literature matters in the twenty-first century. That, it seemed to me, could augment recent books by notable translators Gregory Rabassa and Edith Grossman and novelist Umberto Eco on translation as an element of cultural capital in contemporary society, and, in an hour or so, put my audience to sleep over lunch. But then I was told I'd have to manage that in half an hour; obviously, something else was needed. Something more personal.
In his memoir Speak, Memory, according to Andrew Field, Nabokov evoked his past through "puppets of memory." By reversing the order—"memory, speak," I wish to call attention to "memory," or, more specifically, memorization, not just to evoke the past, but to put it in the service of the ever-evolving present, by examining mnemonic possibilities of Chinese, especially during the language learning process and, along the way, to reveal a bit about what a forty-year love affair with the Chinese language has meant to me.
When learning, and then speaking, a foreign language, the voice takes on a special timbre, something best accomplished, I think, in the recitation of memorized passages. Socrates, we've been told, warned that the book (a new technology in his time) had the power to destroy memory. That may or may not have occurred, but one of the beauties of learning a second or third language, it seems to me, is the opportunity, if not the necessity, to memorize and recite; when the music of the human voice is employed in that process, a special joy is often the result. In a moment I will illustrate.
Memory, speak. In good times and bad. Upon reflection, I could sense that, with the help of Li Bai, I had created, in my mind, at least, a living memorial to the man who had started me on this journey.
But first, some background. Few people have been less well suited for college or a meaningful life than yours truly in the early 1960s. After completing a four-year degree program in a mere five and a half years at the only college that would accept me after an abysmal stint in high school, I found myself jobless and lacking a deferment at a time when the draft board was breathing down my neck. I managed to get into a naval officer training school in the nick of time, figuring I'd spend the next three years floating on an ocean somewhere. Instead, I was sent to Taipei, Taiwan, my first venture outside the US. An acculturation process got off to a slow start, but would bear fruit down the line despite a bit of resistance. A year and a half later, during which a maturation process had begun, initiated in part by the assassination of President Kennedy, I was sent to Yokosuka, Japan, to join a ship that would take me to places like Saigon, Bangkok, Hong Kong, Sydney, New Guinea, and Samoa. When my tour was up, still during the early phase of the Vietnam War, I was a bit smarter but no more employable than when I started, so when the Navy offered to send me back to Taipei, with increased responsibilities, I accepted. But this time something was different. I began to see and hear things around me that I did not understand,