(1)
Many instructors believe that an informal, relaxed classroom environment is good to learning and innovation. It is not uncommon for students to have easygoing and friendly relationships with their professors. The casual(随和的) professor is not necessarily a poor one and is still respected by students. Although students may be in a subordinate(从属的) position, some professors treat them as equals. However, no matter how equal professors would like to be, they still are in a position of authority.
Professors may establish social relationships with students outside of the classroom, but in the classroom they maintain the instructor’s role. A professor may have coffee one day with students but the next day expect them to meet a deadline for the submission(提交评判) of a paper or to be prepared for a discussion or an exam. The professor may give extra attention outside of class to a student in need of help but probably will not treat him or her differently when it comes to evaluating school work. Professors have several roles in relation to students; they may be friends as well as teachers. Students must realize that when a teacher’s role changes, they must appropriately adapt their behaviour and attitudes.
1. Generally speaking, relationships between students and their professors are_______.
A. common     B. friendly     C. poor     D. equal
2. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Professors can set up good social relationship with students outside the classroom.
B. In the classroom, professors should be in a position of authority.
C. Professors may treat their students differently in evaluating school work.
D. If a student has good relationship with a professor, he’ll still have to take an exam.
3. A student must learn to change his behavior and attitude when _____.
A. the professor invites him to have coffee together
B. he is in need of help
C. the professor changes his role
D. the professor gives him extra attention
4. The main subject discussed in the text is “________”.
A. changing relationship        B. the teacher-student relationship    
C. professors’ authority         D. students’ positions
【答案与解析】本文从老师和学生角色变换的角度讨论了师生之间的关系。
1. B。细节题。文中提到It is not uncommon for students to have easygoing and friendly relationships with their professors。而not uncommon= common。所以答案为B。
2. C。推断题。根据The professor may give extra attention outside of class to a student in need of help but probably will not treat him or her differently when it comes to evaluating school work 可以知道，教授在评价学生的学习表现时，不会有什么不同，即教授会平等对待每一个学生。故C项正确。
3. C。细节题，根据Students must realize that when a teacher’s role changes, they must appropriately adapt their behaviour and attitudes我们知道，当一个教师角色发生改变的时候，学生也应相应地随之改变和适应。
4. B。主旨题。本文从老师和学生角色变换的角度讨论了师生之间的关系。故答案为 B。

(2)
Are you carrying too much on your back at school? I’m sure lots of children of your age will say “Yes”. Not only the students in China have this problem, but children in the United States also have heavy school bags.
Doctors are starting to worry that younger and younger students are having back and neck problems as a result of school bags being too heavy for them.
“It’s hard for me to go upstairs with my bag because it’s so heavy,” said Rick Hammond, an 11-year-old student in the US.
Rick is among students who have common school bags with two straps(带子) to carry them, but many other students choose rolling(有滚轮的) bags.
But even with rolling bags, getting up stairs and buses is still a problem for children. Many of them have hurt their backs and necks because of the heavy school bags.
But how much is too much? Doctors say students should carry no more than 10% to 15% of their own body weight(重量).
Scott Batch, a back doctor, said children under Grade 4 should stay with 10%. But it is also important that older children don’t stay with over 15%, because their bodies are still growing.
“Children are losing their balance(平衡) and falling down with their school bags,” he said.
Parents and teachers are starting to tell children to only take home library books they will be reading that night. Some teachers are using pieces of paper or thin workbooks for students to take home.
One of the best answers is, as some children said, to have no homework at all!
1. From the passage we can know that _______.
A. only children in China carry too heavy school bags
B. children in other countries don’t carry too heavy bags
C. both children in China and the US carry too heavy school bags
D. only children in the US carry too heavy school bags
2. Children feel it hard for them to go upstairs because _______.
A. they are too young
B. their school bags are too heavy
C. they don’t know how to go upstairs
D. their parents don’t always go upstairs with them together
3. If a child carries a heavy school bag, _______.
A. his back and neck will be hurt
B. his head and arms will be hurt
C. his hands will be hurt
D. his feet will be hurt
4. According to the doctor, Scott Batch, if a child in Grade 5 weighs(重) about 30 kilos, the school bag he carries should not be over _______.
A. 5 kilos  B. 3 kilos  C. 5.5 kilos D. 4.5 kilos
5. Some students think the best answer to this problem is that _______.
A. they should have a little homework to do after they get home
B. their teachers had better not ask them to do any homework
C. they should only take home library books they will read that night
D. they should use thin workbooks instead of thick ones
【答案与解析】这篇文章谈到了由于沉重的家庭作业导致书包超重给儿童带来的一些问题。
1. C。根据第1段中的Not only the students...but children in the United States… 可推知答案为 C。
2. B。从第3段我们得知他们无法上楼的原因是因为书包太重了。
3. A。文章第5段说Many of them have hurt their backs and necks because of the heavy school bags，我们便可知道一个学生如果背太重的书包，他们的后背和颈部就会受伤。
4. D。根据第7段第2句可计算出问题的答案是：30×15％= 4.5 kilos。
5. B。文章最后一句呼吁不要再有家庭作业。据此可知答案B正确。

(3)
Are you carrying too much on your back at school? You’re not alone. Back experts in the USA were worried that young students are having back and neck problems because they are carrying too much in their backpacks (schoolbags).
“It hurts my back when I run,” said Beeline Reyes, a student in Virginia. “It’s hard to get up the stairs with my backpack because it’s too heavy.”
Students have to carry heavy backpacks on their backs for a whole week’s study. Beeline is one of them. They have regular backpacks with two straps(带子) to carry them, but a number of students with heavy loads have switched to rolling backpacks. The backpacks have wheels and can roll on the ground.
Shirley Park’s backpack weighs 10 kilos, and she said, “I’ll change to a rolling backpack because I am starting to have back pain.”
How much is too much? Experts say that students should carry no more than 10 to 15 percent of their own body weight. A few students have had a good idea to lighten the load: Less homework.
Doctor’s suggestions:
●Lighten the load. Take home only the books the students need that night.
●Wide straps are better. They can send out weight over your shoulders and be sure to wear backpacks with two straps.
●The heaviest things should be packed closest to the back.
●Bend(弯曲) both knees when you pick up the pack, don’t just bend the waist(腰).
1. The main idea of the text is _______.
A. the problems made by rolling backpacks
B. the goodness of backpacks
C. the best backpacks for students
2. From what Eglin Reyes and Shirley Park said, we know _______.
A. students have to carry heavy backpacks
B. students have to do homework
C. backpacks with wheels are bad for students
D. students have no time to play because of homework
3. By the words of the experts, it’s better for a student of 40 kilos to carry a backpack of at most _______.
A.10 kilos  B. 8 kilos  C. 6 kilos   D.7 kilos
4. If students follow the doctor’s suggesting, they _______.
A. may do less homework
B. may feel their backpacks are lighter
C. can learn how to enjoy them
D. will know how to use backpacks
【答案与解析】本文讲述的是由于学校作业太多，学生上学时要背太多东西，背部容易受伤的问题。
1. C。读完全文我们可以知道文章讲的都是最适合和最好的书包，而不是由于书包的滑轮而带来的问题或书包的好处。由此可知答案。
2. A。通过Eglin Reyes and Shirley Park说的，我们可以知道什么？Eglin Reyes说背着书包上楼很困难，是因为它太重了。而Shirley Park 的书包重10公斤。我们可得知学生不得不背很重的书包。
3. C。专家认为一个40公斤的学生最多能背多少公斤的书包？文章第5段说可以背相对于学生体重10% —15%的重量。那么40公斤的学生最多背40×15%=6公斤。
4. D。如果学生听从专家的意见那么他们将如何呢？从专家的建议我们了解到学生如何正确使用书包以减少背部的问题。由此可知答案是 D。
(4)
“It hurts me more than you” and “This is for your own good” — these are the statements my mother used to make years ago when I had to learn Latin, clean my room, stay home and do homework.
That was before we entered the permissive period in education in which we decided it was all right not to push our children to achieve their best in school. The schools and the educators made it easy for us. They taught that it as all right to be parents who take a let-alone policy. We stopped making our children do homework. We gave them calculators, turned on the television, left the teaching to the teachers and went on vacation.
Now teachers, faced with children who have been developing at their own pace for the past 15 years, are realizing we’ve made a terrible mistake. One such teacher is Sharon Klompus who speaks of her students “so passive” and wonders what has happened. Nothing is demanded of them, she believes. Television, says Klompus, contributes to children’s passivity. “We’re talking about a generation of kids who've never been hurt or hungry. They have learned somebody will always do it for them, instead of saying  'go and look it up’, you tell them the answer. It takes greater energy to say no to a kid.”
Yes, it does. It takes energy and it takes work. It’s time for parents to end their vacation and come back to work. It's time to take the car away, to turn the TV off, to tell them it hurts you more than them but it's for their own good. It's time to start telling them no again.
1. Children are becoming more inactive in study because _______.
A. they watch TV too often
B. they have done too much homework
C. they have to fulfill too many duties 
D. teachers are too strict with them
2. We learn from the passage that the author's mother used to lay emphasis on _______.
A. learning Latin         B. discipline
C. natural development    D. education at school
3. By “permissive period in education” (L.1, Para. 2) the author means a time _______.
A. when children are allowed to do what they wish to
B. when everything can be taught at school
C. when every child can be educated
D. when children are permitted to receive education
4. The main idea of the passage is that _______.
A. parents should leave their children alone
B. kids should have more activities at school
C. it's time to be more strict with our kids
D. parents should always set a good example to their kids
【答案与解析】如果孩子在学校接受的是宽容式教育，即不做作业、不限制看电视、把教学看成仅仅是老师的事，那么培养出来的学生会是什么样的呢？一个字“passive”。
1. A。语义理解题。从第3段第4句话Television contributes to children’s passivity. 可以做出正确判断。
2. B。语义理解题。第1段中的 …to learn Latin, clean my room, stay home and do homework就是作者妈妈的discipline。
3. A。词义猜测题。从这个词组后面的内容可以看出，家长和学校都给了孩子们许多自由，也就是孩子们想干什么就让他干什么。
4. C。主旨题。文章最后一句话It's time to start telling them no again 就是主题句。

(5)
    Education is not an end, but a means to an end. In other words, we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them. Our purpose is to fit them for life.
    In some modern countries it has for some time been fashionable to think that by free education for all whether rich or poor, clever or stupid — one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough; we find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degree；they refuse to do what they think “low” work; and, in fact, work with hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries. But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of a professor; we can live without education, but we die if we have no food. If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we should get terrible diseases in our towns…
    In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to fit us for life, it means that we must be educated in such a way that, firstly, each of us can do whatever work suited to his brains and ability and, secondly, that we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society, and that it is very bad to be ashamed of one’s work. Only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society.
1. The writer of the passage thinks that _______.
A. education can settle most of the world’s problems
B. free education for all probably leads to a perfect world
C. free education won’t help to solve problems
D. all the social problems can’t be solved by education
2. The writer wants to prove that _______.
A. our society needs all kinds of jobs
B. our society needs free education for all
C. a farmer is more important than a professor
D. work with hands is the most important
3. The purpose of education is _______.
A. to choose officials for the country
B. to prepare children mainly for their future work
C. to let everyone receive education fit for him
D. to build a perfect world
4. The passage tells us about _______ of the education.
A. the means  B. the system  C. the value  D. the type
【答案与解析】本文为论说文。作者认为教育不是目的，而是达到目的的一种手段而已。
1. D。细节题。文中说：it has for some time been fashionable to think that by free education for all one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. 但作者对这种说法提出了质疑(But we can already see…)，故D最佳。
2. A。推断题。根据we can live without education, but we die if we have no food.，我们可以推断出来，我们的社会需要各种各样的工作。
3. B。推断题。根据In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to fit us for life 可知B为最佳答案。
4. C。推断题。根据文章第1段最后一句Our purpose is to fit them for life 以及 Only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society 可知，短文主要是讲教育的价值问题。