情态动词表推测的用法专题讲练
(2014-06-14 16:22:13)
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分类: 英语天地 |
(一)情态动词表推测的三种句式
1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定),may(可能),might / could(也许,或许)。
(1)He must/may/might know the answer to this question?
他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。
(2)It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating.
屋里很冷,他们肯定把暖气关了。
2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。
(1)It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America.
这不可能是校长,他去美国了。
(2)He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也许不认识那位科学家。
3.疑问句中用can/could (能……?)。
(1)Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗?
(2)Can he be at home now? 他现在能在家吗?
注:以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can的过去式,而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。
(二)情态动词表推测的三种时态
1.对将来情况的推测,用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。
(1)She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。
(2)She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.
她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。
2.对现在或一般情况的推测,用“情态动词 + be”,“情态动词 +be doing”或“情态动词 + 动词原形”。
(1)He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。
(2)He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time.
这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。
(3)Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony ?
布什先生一向准时,这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢?
3.对过去情况的推测,用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。
(1)It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.
地湿了,昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。
(2)The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home .
门锁着,他不可能/可能不在家。
(3)Can / Could he have gotten the book? 难道他找到书了吗?
注:情态动词 should /ought to表推测时,意为“想必会,理应……”但与“have +过去分词”连用时,则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。例如:
(4)It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.
现在七点钟了,杰克理应随时到达。(推测)
(5)She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. (虚拟) 她本该出席你的生日晚会的,可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。
(6)Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. (虚拟)
汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密,可是他并无恶意。
三.
(1)Could he have finished the task?
(2)Can he be at home now?
对某一次的推测句型有两部分:语气和时态
语气部分:(以下情态动词语气由强至弱)
肯定句:must、may、might(=could)
否定句:can’t(=couldn’t)、mayn’t、mightn’t
疑问句:can、could(语气更加委婉不确定)
时态部分:
be表示对现在的推测
have done表示对过去的推测
be doing表示对正在进行的推测
语气部分写在前时态部分写在后,组合在一起就是推测
◎—Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
—Sorry, I am not sure. It ________ be. (湖北卷)
A. might
【分析】答案选A。由I am not sure(我没有把握)可知,后文是没有把握的肯定推测,用might。
◎You might just as well tell the manufacturer that
male customers ________ not like the design of the furniture.
(上海卷)
【分析】答案选C。. may not意为“可能不”。句意是:你不妨告诉厂商男顾客可能不喜欢这种家具的花样。
◎—Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
—No, it ________ be him—I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. (全国卷)
A. can’t
【分析】答案选A。由No和后文I’m sure…可知,是有把握的否定推测,所以用can’t (不可能)。
◎—When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
—They ________ be ready by 12:00. (全国卷)
A. can
【分析】答案选B。should表示“按理应当,大概”。用might语气太不肯定,顾客可能走掉。
◎I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ somewhere. (北京春)
A. must drop
【分析】答案选B。对已经发生的事进行推测用“must have +过去分词”,答案D是被动式,应排除。
◎—I stayed at a hotel while in New York. —Oh, did you? You ________ with Barbara. (全国卷)
A. could have
stayed
【分析】答案选A。表示对过去情况的推测:“你可能和Barbara住在一起了”;must语气太肯定,与前面具有疑问语气的Oh, did you?不符。
◎—There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
—It ________ a comfortable journey. (全国卷)
A. can’t be
【分析】答案选D。既然小汽车上“已有五人”,且是“设法”才把你带去的,如此拥挤,旅途当然“不可能”舒服。
◎—Tom graduated from college at a very young age. —Oh, he ________ have been a very smart boy then. (全国III)
A. could
【分析】答案选D。由上文可知,应是有把握的肯定推测,用must(一定)。
◎You ________ be tired—you’ve only been working for an hour. (四川卷)
A. must not
【分析】答案选C。由后文“你才只工作了一个小时”推断,“你不可能就累了”。表示有把握的否定推测,用can’t。must not不允许;may not可能不。
◎It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack ________ be here at any moment. (全国卷)
A. must
【分析】答案选C。nearly暗示“时间不早了”,“按理应当(should)”Jack“随时(at any moment)”都有可能到达这里。must又语气过强;can一般不用于肯定推测;need意义不通,也不用于肯定句。
◎I didn’t hear the phone. I ________ asleep. (全国卷)
A. must be
【分析】答案选B。当时我没不听到电话铃响,那“一定是己经睡着了。
◎—Is John coming by train?—He should, but he ________ not. He likes driving his car. (全国卷)
A. must
【分析】答案选D。由“他自己喜欢开车”这一习惯推断,“他可能不会(may not)坐火车来”。

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