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The Keys to Long Life

长寿要素

May 31, 2015

2015年5月31日

（繁忙人生之休憩园地，生活感悟之随笔记录：

醉里挑灯看剑的博客：http://blog.sina.com.cn/zlm3906）

Transcript

文本

Voice 1 

Welcome to Spotlight. I’m Anne Muir.

欢迎来到Spotlight节目。我是安恩.米尔。

Voice 2 

And I’m Adam Navis. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live.

我是亚当.南维斯。Spotlight节目使用特别英语的广播方式。它使人们无论置身世界何处，都更为容易理解。

Voice 1

Pete Bernard is 91 years old. He is very active. His body and mind are still strong. He takes his dog on long walks. He cuts the grass at his house. He plants a small vegetable garden. He has even lived longer than 2 of his children.

皮特.伯纳德今年90岁了。他非常活跃，身体仍然结实、思维依然敏捷，经常长距离地遛狗。他在家割草，种着一小块菜地。他比自己的两个孩子还长寿。

Voice 2 

Have you ever wondered why some people live a long time, and other people do not? This is a question that many people ask. Many different scientists have studied very old people from all over the world. They are looking to see if these people have anything in common. For many years, scientists have agreed on a few basic things that influence long life.  However, new research is finding that there are many another major influences on long life. Today’s Spotlight is on the keys to a long life.

你想知道为什么一些人长寿，另外一些人短寿吗？这是许多人提出的一个问题。一些不同的科学家研究了世界各地的长寿老人。他们想研究这些人身上是否具有共同的东西。许多年来，科学家认可影响长寿的一些共同因素。然而，新的研究发现，影响长寿的还有其他一些主要因素。今天的Spotlight节目就聚焦于长寿的关键因素。

Voice 1 

Since the beginning of time, people have desired to learn the mysteries of long life. But in the last 50 years, scientists have studied this subject even more. Scientists have completed thousands of studies. And they have tested hundreds of things - like diet, exercise, environment, values and more. All this scientific research has supported the idea that long life is always influenced by at least two major things - genetics and basic health care.

开天辟地之初，人们就曾有想法去研究长寿的秘密。但是，在过去50年中，科学家研究该课题更为深入。他们完成了成千上万项研究。他们检测了成百上千的因素——诸如饮食、锻炼、环境、价值观以及其他因素。所有这些研究都支持一种观点，即长寿总是受两种主要因素的影响——遗传基因和医疗保健。

Voice 2 

It is no surprise that genetics are a major influence on how long a person lives. Some people’s bodies simply have particular advantages that help them live longer. They have parents and grandparents who lived long lives. And their parents have passed these positive genes to them. Howard Friedman is a health scientist. With his research partner, Leslie Martin, he wrote a book about living a long life. He says that genetics explain about 1/3 of why people live to an old age.

无疑，遗传基因是影响一个人是否长寿的一项主要因素。一些人的身体有比他人更为长寿的特定优势。他们拥有长寿的父母和祖父母。父母将这些积极的基因遗传给了他们。霍华德.弗莱德曼是一位健康领域的科学家。他与同事莱斯利.马丁合著了有关长寿的一本书。他说遗传学解释了为什么一些人能够长寿的三分之一的原因。

Voice 1 

The other major influence on long life is basic health care. Good food, clean water and medical care all help people live longer and healthier. For example, vaccine drugs prevent many serious diseases. A person who gets vaccines will have a better chance of avoiding those serious diseases, staying healthy, and living longer. The same thing is true if a person has clean water.

另一项主要的影响因素是基本的医疗保健。良好的食物，洁净的饮水和医疗保健能够使人们更加长寿和健康。例如，疫苗药物可以预防许多严重的疾病。一个注射疫苗的人将有更多的机会避免患上严重的疾病，可以更加健康、更为长寿。同理，如果一个人拥有洁净的饮水也会如此。

Voice 2 

For years, scientists have told us that good genes and good health care are the major reasons some people live longer than others. However, recently, scientists have identified another major influence on long life - personality and character. This means that the way a person thinks about life can affect how long that person lives! Scientists talk about four main personality or character qualities: a sense of purpose, staying active, helping others and being responsible. And all four of these things can influence how long you live.

许多年来，科学家告诉我们，良好的基因和医疗保健是一些人较他人更为长寿的主要因素。但是，最近，科学家们发现了其他影响长寿的主要因素——个性。这意味着一个人看待人生的方式能够影响其寿命！科学家们讨论了四种性格因素：拥有目标，积极活动，乐于助人和有责任心。所有这四项因素都会影响你的寿命。

Voice 1 

Many studies show that having a sense of purpose, or a reason for life, is important for living a long time. For example, in Okinawa, Japan there is a community with many people over the age of 100 years old. In Japan, there is an idea called ikigai or life purpose. Having ikigai, or a job to do in life, is very important. Scientists believe that ikigai is one of the reasons Okinawa has so many people over the age of 100.

一些科学家展示了拥有目标或者拥有人生的意义对于长寿非常重要。例如，在日本冲绳县，有一个许多人长寿高达100岁的社区。在日本，有一种观点称为人生的意义。拥有人生的意义，或者拥有一份可做的工作，非常重要。科学家们相信，人生的意义是冲绳县拥有如此众多长寿百岁老人的原因。

Voice 2 

Another example of how purpose affects long life comes from religion. National Geographic wrote about this subject in a story called “The Secrets of Longevity”. It said that Christians who attended religious services, regularly added as much as 2 years to their life.

另外一个目标如何影响长寿的案例来自于宗教。“国家地理”曾经做过一期叫作“长寿秘诀”的节目。它称参加礼拜活动的基督徒通常会增加两年多的寿命。

Voice 1 

Staying active is the second important personality quality for long life. This is not the same as doing difficult exercise. Instead, scientists found that it is most important to remain active in a natural way, doing something that you enjoy. Many people in the studies still worked to care for their own home and land. For example, Tonino Tola is from Salinus in the country, Sardinia. He is 75. Every day, he works on his farm. He even kills and prepares his family’s meat.

爱好活动是第二个影响长寿的重要性格因素。这并不是指做艰难的锻炼。科学家们发现以一种自然的方式积极活动最为重要，也就是说做他们喜欢做的事。在该项研究中的许多人依然在照料房屋和土地。例如，托尼诺.头勒来自撒丁岛的的萨利纳斯。他今年75岁，每天都在农田干活，甚至还为家人杀牛宰羊。

Voice 2 

The third personality quality that influences long life is helping people. When researching the effects of love on long life, scientists expected to find that people who felt loved would live longer. But this was not what they found. Feeling loved caused people to feel better. But it did not affect long life. However, the act of loving and caring for other people did make people live longer. Further research has confirmed that helping people is important! And it does not matter if a person is helping family, friends or other people.

第三项影响健康的性格因素是乐于助人。当研究爱心对长寿的影响时，科学家们希望发现感受被爱的人能够长寿。但是这不在他们发现之列。感受被爱会使人感觉更好，但并不会影响到寿命。然而，关爱和照料他人确实会使自己长寿。进一步的研究已经确认，乐于助人非常重要，不管他是在帮助家人、朋友或他人。

Voice 1 

The final important personality quality is conscientiousness. Conscientious people are responsible and dependable. They plan for things. They think about the details. They do the right thing, even when it is hard or not very fun. And, they avoid taking risks. Of all the personality qualities scientists studied, conscientiousness showed the strongest link to living a long life.

最后一项性格因素是责任心。有责任感的人更负责任、更加自立。他们有条不紊，考虑细节，做事正确，甚至事情困难和枯燥无味时也是如此，并且他们避免冒险。在所有这些科学家们研究的性格因素中，责任心与长寿最为相关。

Voice 2 

Some people believe that being conscientious means living a boring life. However, the opposite is true. Scientists found that the most conscientious people they studied had some of the most exciting and interesting lives. Scientists suggest that being dependable and hard-working created many wonderful chances. They could travel and do new things.

一些人认为，有责任心意味着生活枯燥无味。然而，反过来才是正确的。科学家们发现他们研究的最有责任心的人拥有最令人振奋和最为有趣的生活。科学家们认为，生活自立和辛苦劳作创造了许多有趣的机会。他们能够远行做新鲜的事情。

Voice 1 

Scientists have investigated the effects of many other qualities and behaviours on long life. However, there were many things that had no influence. For example, these things included: a good sense of humor, being very positive and playing with animals. These things all made people feel good. But they did not help people live longer.

科学家们曾经调查了许多其他性格因素对长寿的影响。然而，有一些因素基本没有影响。例如，这些因素包括：良好的幽默感，极好运动和与动物嬉戏。这些事情都会使人感觉良好。但是它们确实无助于使其长寿。

Voice 2 

People cannot change their genetics. And it can be difficult to improve a whole community’s health care system. However, the results of this new research on aging are good news for everyone. They show that there are things each of us can do to help improve how long we live. We can live with a purpose, be active, help others, and act responsibly!

人们不能改变自己的遗传基因。提升社会的医疗保健体系也非常困难。然而，这些对寿命的新研究对每一个人都是好事。我们可以拥有目标、积极活动、乐于助人和正确做事。

Voice 1 

What do you think? Are you surprised that personality can change how long we live? Is there something you plan to change to help yourself live a longer life?

你怎么想的？你对性格影响寿命感到惊奇吗？有一些你想加以改变使自己更加长寿的事情吗？

Voice 2 

Share your thoughts on our website www.radioenglish.net. You can also email us at radio@radioenglish.net or leave a comment on our Facebook page.

你可以在我们的网站www.radioenglish.net亮出自己的观点。你也可以向radio@radioenglish.net 给我们发电子邮件，或者在我们的面簿主页上留言。

Voice 1

The writer of today's programme was Ann Wilds. The producer was Mark Drenth. The voices you heard were from the United States and the United Kingdom. You can listen to this program again, and read it, on the internet at www.radioenglish.net. This programme is called "The Keys to Long Life."

今天节目的作者是安恩.威尔茨。制片人是马克.德恩斯。你收听的声音来自美国和英国。你可以在互联网站www.radioenglish.net再次收听、阅读该节目。今天的节目叫作《长寿要素》。

Voice 2 

We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye.

我们希望在下次的Spotlight节目你能够再次加入。再见。

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