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could have done 的反意疑问句是什么?就用couldn't!

(2014-05-31 13:44:37)
标签:

教育

分类: 英语学习

could have done 的反意疑问句是什么?就用couldn't加主语!再简单不过了!

 

然而,这个再简单不过的语言点被中国的语法专家们搞得非常复杂,致使这个中国英语界弥漫着乌烟瘴气!先看

何其莘的错误:

 

何其莘所编的《新概念英语语法手册》说 表示推测时,其附加问句是通过情态动词后的动词形式来处理附加问句(见该书7.3.9.2)

She can't have been in the cinema then, was she?
She might have left, hasn't she/ didn't she?
She might have left the day before yesterday, didn't she?


《薄冰英语常见共性问题解答》P318:
当 must 表推测意为一定时, 其否定结构一般也不用 mustn't, 而须用助动词(即通常用的 do, be 或 have)的否定式.如:
You must have seen him yesterday, didn't you?
You must be a writer, aren't you?


这个错误提法由于薄冰、何其莘等学者的传播在全国流毒太广了而且可能是达到根深蒂固的程度了。比如:

 

 

2009福州高中毕业班质量检查试卷: could have done的反意疑问句
 

I don't think he could have done so much homework last night, ______?

A. do I        B. could he       C. has he        D. did he 

提供的答案是D。其实,D是错误答案,应该选B。

我的理由:

《牛津高阶英汉双解词典6/7/8版》:

could 4:

You couldn't have left it on the bus, could you?

 

absolutely:

--They could have told us, couldn't they?      --Absolutely!

 

refuse:

When he offered me all that money, I could hardly refuse, could I?

 

bad:

You'll save fifty dollars, which can't be bad, can it?

实际上,所以英国美国的语法书也好,惯用法书也好,都无一例外地提出,含有情态动词的句子,其反意疑问句(或称附加问句)就用该情态动词。

 

现在我用其他权威的例证来驳斥这个错误的论调:

 

Michael Swan's Practical English Usage, 3rd edition:

Nothing can happen, can it?

It must be nice to be a cat, mustn't it?

 

《真实雅思高级自学学生用书》:

OBJECTIVE IELTS Advanced Self Study Student's Book with CD ROM 作者:Mchael Black,Annette Capel      (P173/174)


Sitting on a wrong train couldn't represent making a wrong choice in life, could it?


It could be risky to do this, couldn't it?

 

《托福速成》:

TEFL DEVIL - Instant Lessons 作者:Ben Tyers, P261:

Ginny must be really rich, ________? Look at her car!     

该书提供的答案是: mustn't she

 

《麦克米伦语法与词汇》:
Macmillan English Grammar and Vocabulary, Grammar 31:
George can't have noticed, can he/has he?
这是选择题,该语法书提供的答案是 can he

 

 

《朗文口语和笔语语法》
A:  You must have  touched her  up the wrong way.
B:  Yeah, I  must've  done, mustn't  I?  


《语言学简介》:

Linguistics:  an introduction 作者:Andrew Radford 1999
He must be mad, mustn't he?

 

 

《柯林斯词典2006版·词库》:

Collins Cobuild Dictionary on CD-ROM (2006),
WORDBANK (must):
...we must actually have been quite a dirty nation Pete mustn't we? --
I suppose so yes.

 

 

王国栋在他的《大学英语深层语法》(P24)里犯了和薄冰、何其莘一样的错误:
26. 当 must be 表示 “猜测” 、 “准是” 时, 反意疑问句谓语视情形可适当改用 be, have, do 等。
如:

Your parents must be in the kitchen, aren't they? 你父母准是在厨房里, 对吗? ( 问 “在不在” )

Tom must have been to Beijing, hasn't he? ( 或用 wasn't he?) 汤姆准是到过北京,不是吗?

The scientists must have succeeded in their new experiment , didn't ( 或 haven't they?) 科学家们的新实验准是已经成功了, 不是吗?

如果陈述句中有过去时的时间状语, 反意疑问句的谓语要用过去时。
如: They must have got there last week, didn't they?


王国栋在他的《大学英语深层语法》里犯了和薄冰、何其莘一样的错误。中国英语界在这个问题上的错误不知道何年何月能够纠正过来。



 

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