加载中…《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第6版译文商榷
(2009-11-01 21:19:23)
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下面是我曾经发表在人教论坛的《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第6版译文讨论的内容，现在一并把它收进我的博客里。我曾经向6版的主译石孝殊教授请教过这些内容，得到他以及商务印书馆编译组的肯定。《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第7版已经出版，6版的这些不妥当的内容都得到了更正。7版和8版变化不大，必定还有许多翻译不妥之处，如果感兴趣，读者可以去再找找看，挑战挑战权威。
如欲查看商务印书馆寄给我的答复信，请点击这个链接：
我对《牛津6版》译文的批评和商务印书馆的答复_zhuzuhou50_新浪博客
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_448a349c0102va97.html
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第6版汉语译文商榷
（以下简称：本词典）
1．Know
1条：You don’t want to
know. 词典原译文：你是不会想知道的。
商榷 ：want的词义不是“想要”而是“应该”。
本 词典
want
4条: (informal)
used to give advice to sb, meaning “should” or “ought
to”.
又：《麦克米伦高阶英语词典》want 条：you want/ don't want to do sth spoken used for advising or warning someone that they should/ should not do something: You want to be careful. I think you've drunk too much.│You don't want to go there alone.
建议译文：这事你不应该知道。（石孝殊教授答复说词典原译文不对，改译为“这事你不知道为好”。）
又：《麦克米伦高阶英语词典》want 条：you want/ don't want to do sth spoken used for advising or warning someone that they should/ should not do something: You want to be careful. I think you've drunk too much.│You don't want to go there alone.
建议译文：这事你不应该知道。（石孝殊教授答复说词典原译文不对，改译为“这事你不知道为好”。）
2．Would 9条：I'd rather come with you.
本词典的fear n.条：“Are you coming climbing?”“No fear!”词典原译文：“你来爬山吗？”
“当然不！”
本词典的come4条：Are you coming to the club with us tonight? 词典原译文：你今晚和我们一起去俱乐部吗？Why don't you come skating tonight? 今晚来溜冰好吗？
商榷：come在以上句子中的词义到底是“来”而不是“去”。
佐证： 《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第4版的come2条解释说：= GO WITH SB: if sb comes with you, they go with you. We're going for a drink this evening. Would you like to come?
又：《剑桥英语学习词典》come3条: to go somewhere with the person who is speaking: We're going to the cinema. Do you want to come?
我们可以看到，come
在以上句子里表示和某人一起 GO “去”，这是中国很多人无法接受的，包括词典的翻译者！他们只知道come是“来”的意思！
建议译文：我倒愿意和你一起去。我倒愿意你和我们一起去。“你（和我们一起）去爬山吗？”今晚（和我们一起）去溜冰好吗？这几个句子中的come都是“去”的意义。凡在汉语中说“去”对方的身边、家、办公室，英语中都要用come。如：Tell me about the girl who came to see you in the office this afternoon. Come并不与汉语的“来”完全等同，还有“去”的意义；bring也并不与汉语的“带来”完全等同，还可以意为“带去”。这体现的不单单是两种语言的区别，还有文化和思维方法的区别。
建议译文：我倒愿意和你一起去。我倒愿意你和我们一起去。“你（和我们一起）去爬山吗？”今晚（和我们一起）去溜冰好吗？这几个句子中的come都是“去”的意义。凡在汉语中说“去”对方的身边、家、办公室，英语中都要用come。如：Tell me about the girl who came to see you in the office this afternoon. Come并不与汉语的“来”完全等同，还有“去”的意义；bring也并不与汉语的“带来”完全等同，还可以意为“带去”。这体现的不单单是两种语言的区别，还有文化和思维方法的区别。
3．Times条: three times longer than sth 词典原译文：比某物长三倍。
(牛津7版改译为:是某物的三倍长/比某物长两倍)
商榷 ：是比某物长两倍而不是长三倍。
佐证：《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第4版P1600，times条：This book is three times as long as/ three times longer than/ three times the length of that one.这本书是那本书篇幅的三倍（比那本书长两倍/篇幅为那本书的三倍）。
《剑桥英语学习词典》的heavy条：Oxygen is sixteen times heavier than hydrogen.氧是氢的16倍重。
佐证：《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第4版P1600，times条：This book is three times as long as/ three times longer than/ three times the length of that one.这本书是那本书篇幅的三倍（比那本书长两倍/篇幅为那本书的三倍）。
《剑桥英语学习词典》的heavy条：Oxygen is sixteen times heavier than hydrogen.氧是氢的16倍重。
《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第4版的time26条: Sound
travels four times faster in water than in
air.
建议 译文：比某物长两倍。《牛津4版》的翻译更准确。氧的原子量是16，氢的原子量是1，《剑桥》句可谓铁证。这体现的不单单是两种语言的区别，还有文化和思维方法的区别。我们还可以上网查阅有关声音在水中和空气中传播速度的资料，研究《朗文4版》句。
4．As
conj.1条：We'd like it as soon as
possible.词典原译文：我们会尽快喜欢上它的。
商榷：'d like的词义是“想要”而不是“喜欢”。
佐证：本词典like v.5条: used with would or should as a polite way to say what you want or to ask what sb wants: I'd like to think it over.
建议译文：我们想尽可能快得到它。Would/ should like和 'd like是“想要”的意思。
商榷：'d like的词义是“想要”而不是“喜欢”。
佐证：本词典like v.5条: used with would or should as a polite way to say what you want or to ask what sb wants: I'd like to think it over.
建议译文：我们想尽可能快得到它。Would/ should like和 'd like是“想要”的意思。
5．Fear n.条： Alan spoke of his fears for the future.艾伦谈到了他对未来忧心忡忡。
商榷：译文似乎可以更准确些。
6．Attention 1条：I tried not to draw attention to my weak points of argument. 词典原译文：我尽量使人不察觉我论证中的软肋。
商榷：“软肋”一词，不见于国内最权威的《现代汉语词典》，是否规范用法，是否与本句的语境相符？
建议 译文：我尽量使人不觉察我论证中不够令人信服之处。“软肋”一词见于《最新英汉汉英词典》，但不见于国内最权威的《现代汉语词典》2002增补本（笔者2016年注：2005版已经收录了），是俗语，与本句的语境不太和谐。
7．For 20条：used to show who can or should do sth.（表示谁能够或应该做某事）It’s not for me to say why he left. 词典原译文：我说不出他为什么离开。
商榷：释义中的can
佐证：《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第4版的for22条：对it is (not)for sb to
do sth这个句型解释说：used to say whether
it is someone's right or duty to do
something.
建议译文：释义似该翻译为：表示谁可以或应该做某事。例句应该翻译为：不该/不可以由我来说他离开的原因。
建议译文：释义似该翻译为：表示谁可以或应该做某事。例句应该翻译为：不该/不可以由我来说他离开的原因。
讨论：译文正确吗？下文如果是So I had to stay at home.
9. Plastic n.1条：The pipes should be made of plastic. 词典原译文：这些管子应该用塑料制作。
Plastic adj.3条：game show 综艺节目；而本词典的
讨论：到底哪个译文正确？
建议译文：a game show: a television programme in which people play games or answer questions to win prizes电视游戏表演或竞赛节目；a variety show: a television or radio programme or a performance that consists of many different shorter performances, especially musical and humourous ones综艺节目
10．Ridiculous条：I look ridiculous in this hat.
11．Ton 4条：He was caught doing a ton. 词典原译文：他在以每小时100英里的速度行车时被抓住。
12. Absolute和earn条：He must earn an absolute fortune.词典原译文：他肯定赚了一大笔钱。She must earn a fortune. 词典她必须赚一大笔钱。
佐证：《英语在用：剑桥高级英语语法》P34：It's the third time she's been skating this week—she must really enjoy it.
又：
又：《英语在用：剑桥中级英语语法》P57，28.2,6: Carol knows a lot about films. She must go to the cinema a lot. （卡罗尔很懂电影，她必定经常去看电影。）
笔者看法：这些句子都表示猜测。Must在这里不可以翻译为“必须”。一般情况下must + be/ know/ like之类状态动词时才可表示猜测；must +动作动词通常要用must be doing/ must have done/ must have been doing的形式才能表示猜测，但是在句子意义清楚不至于误解时也可以用must do的形式表示对现阶段经常性情况的猜测。
建议译文：他/她必定赚很多钱。
13．Could 1条：Sorry, I couldn't get any more. 词典原译文：对不起，我再也得不到了。
14．Fatiguing条：词典原译文：身心交瘁的；精疲力竭的
15．caving条：He had always wanted to go caving. 词典原译文：他过去老爱探索洞穴。
16．Overwhelming条：The evidence against him was overwhelming. 词典原译文：对他不利的证据无可抵赖。
weight 6 条: The evidence against her was
overwhelming. 词典原译文：对她不利的证据一边倒。
17．They
18．School条：The transition from school to work can be difficult. 词典原译文：在学校念书到上班工作，这一转变可能很不容易。
商榷：句中can不是表示猜测的“可能/也许”而是表示理论上的可能性(used to say what sb/sth is often like)的“常常会/常常可能”。
19．Grasp (at)条：She grasped at his coat as he rushed past her.他从她身边冲过去时，她使劲抓住了他的上衣。
20．Although用法框内倒数第10行：Everyone played well, although/ though we still lost the game. 词典原译文：尽管我们还是输了，但每人都打得不错。
商榷：这个框内的第二部分说的是although/ though的第二个用法：used to mean “but” or “however”.那么此句的although/ though译文就应该是“但是；可是”。
21．Near prep.条：He's nearer 70 than 60. 词典原译文：他60岁，快70岁了。
22．Weep条：I could have wept thinking about what I'd missed.
佐证：本词典could 6: used to show that you are annoyed that sb did not do sth: (对某人未做某事表示恼怒)本来可以：They could have let me know they were going to be late! 他们要晚来，也该早告诉我一声啊！
又：could 7条：used to emphasize how strongly you want to express your feelings(强调感觉)真想：I’m so fed up I could scream! 我烦透了，非大喊大叫不可！
建议译文：翻译为“真想”才正确。《朗文4版》could 3有类似的句子：I was so angry I could have killed her./ I was so relieved I could have kissed them all.
23．Quack条：I've got a check-up with the quack(=the doctor) next week.
参考书目：
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第4/6版，其英语原版：牛津大学出版社, 1989, 2000,
《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第4版，英文版：英国培生教育出版社，2003，北京：外语教学与研究出版社2004
《剑桥英语学习词典》》英文版：英国剑桥大学出版社，2001，北京：外语教学与研究出版社2001
《麦克米伦高阶英语词典》英文版：麦克米伦出版有限公司，2002，北京：外语教学与研究出版社2003
《英语在用：剑桥高级英语语法》（Martin Hewings:
《英语在用：剑桥中级英语语法》（Raymond Murphy:
《现代汉语词典》（2002年增补本，汉英双语），中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室编，北京：外语教学与研究出版社2002
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