加载中…must have done 反意疑问句
(2009-10-31 20:57:43)
标签：
musthavedone反意疑问句教育 |
分类： 中国英语界流行弊病 |
包括薄冰在内的中国许多学者在语法著作里以及中学教师在教学辅导书籍、网站上发表的有关must have done 的反意疑问句的说法都是片面的。他们说表示推测的must 后的反意疑问句不可以用 mustn't来构成。这个错误在全中国的老师和学生中一代又一代地流行着。世界权威惯用法专家 Michael Swan 在他的PRACTICAL ENGLISH USAGE 第3版（2005年）里说must表示推断时，其反意疑问句还是用must：
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Michael Swan 说表示推断的must
后的附加疑问要用must: Michael Swan：PRACTICAL ENGLISH USAGE，3rd edition, p334 359 ...... However, mustn't is used in question tags after must: It must be nice to be a cat, mustn't it? Must have done后的反意疑问句到底是什么？Must have
done后的反意疑问句到底是什么？我用英国和美国语料库的实例来破解：
英国语料库：Davies, Mark. (2004-) BYU-BNC: The British National Corpus. Available online at http://corpus.byu.edu/bnc. 1. I was just thinking I bet that Helen was pleased then cos she must have passed, mustn't she? 2. Yes. Now it must have been mustn't it, a possibility, if been there at all, that he was hiding under that bed? 3. Exactly why, he must have had some sympathy, mustn't he?. 4. …she must have passed mustn't she? 5. He must have been interested in cooking, mustn't he? 6. Yeah well I mean he must have gone in the hospital to her mustn't he? 8. You must have touched her up the wrong way. --Yeah, I must have done mustn't I? 9. Now it must have been mustn't it, a possibility, if been there at all, that he was hiding under that bed? 10. Exactly why, he must have had some sympathy, mustn't he?. 11. He must have been interested in cooking, mustn't he? 12. Yeah well I mean he must have gone in the hospital to her mustn't he? 13. Yeah, I must have done mustn't I? 14. Somebody must have reported him, though, mustn't they? 15. Abruptly she stood up and crossed to the window. "I must have done , mustn't I?" 16. You must have seen the seals, though, didn't you? 17. Exactly why, he must have had some sympathy , mustn't he ?. 18. And your sister's ten years older than you so they must 've been there ten years plus , mustn't they ? 19. They have a serious side but they must have a lighter side as well , mustn't they ? 20. It must be , mustn't it ? 21. Yeah. The profit would have been minus cos the costs would still be there so it must be a cancellation . Mustn't it ? 22. Yes, now this shows it must be his imagination , mustn't it ? 23. …they must know there is a risk , mustn't they . 24. It must mean something , mustn't it ? 25. Six pairs of knickers must be enough , mustn't it , Charlie? 26. Then it must be Madame V in Paris , mustn't it ? 27. Everybody who sees her must love her , mustn't they , Ellen? 28. But he must like her a bit , mustn't he ? 29. Saturday night. Yeah? Yeah. So he must be doing well, mustn’t he? 30. Yeah. Okay. So what, they must be staying, staying the Saturday night, mustn’t they? 31. You must have seen the seals, though, didn’t you?(用didn't的只搜到这一例) 美国语料库：http://www.americancorpus.org/ 1. You must have enjoyed those, didn't you? 2. And you must have had a name, didn't you? 3. Oh Patrick, I must have told you -- didn't I? 4. Must have seemed like an eternity, didn't it, holding your breath? 5. Must have had three kids, did she? 6. I'm sure they must be exaggerating, aren't they, Professor? 7. You must have called an undertaker by now, haven't you? 8. So I said to myself, well, it's only George, and after all, he must have something to poke fun at, mustn't he? " 结论: 用mustn't 构成反意疑问句见于英国英语。美国英语中表示逻辑推测的must之后用反意疑问句较少见, 如果有, 也通常用did/ has/ have, 但也有用mustn't。这是因为美国英语中通常不用mustn't 这个拼法, 他们通常拼成must not。 (有些例句不属于must have done结构, 供参考)
美国人说，他们很少用mustn't。因此，在表示确定推测的句子后面，他们几乎没有人会用反意疑问句。下面是一位美国人在usingenglish.com
论坛上的发言：
Very few Americans would ever say
[09 陕西高考歪题] 16. He must be helping the old man to
water the flowers,
_________? A 这道题的给出答案是B。 这种题目又来了, 让中国学生学习的不是说英语, 是搞文字游戏。 在有4亿词量的美国语料库里只有这么一个must be doing后接反意疑问句： I'm sure they must be exaggerating, aren't they, Professor? 在有1亿词量的英国语料库里只有这么2个must be doing后接反意疑问句： And seeing you've got another life inside you, it must be doing something to them mustn't it? So he must be doing well mustn't he? 比较所得出的结论： 1。must have done 后接反意疑问句很少用，而must be doing 后接反意疑问句的更要少用得多。 2。美国英语中must have done 和 must be doing 后接反意疑问句也有用，也有不用must； 3。看来高考歪题目还会层出不穷的。但是希望高考命题专家和中学老师们不要再考这种没有什么实际价值的偏僻题目，不要以考倒学生为乐。其实那样只能够显示出自己的浅薄。最后我引用另外两个权威证据来结束本博文： 《朗文英语口语和笔语语法》5.4.3.2 B: --You must have touched her up the wrong way.(你当时必定是以错误的方式惹怒了她。） --Yeah,I must've done, mustn't I? （是的，我一定是，对吧？） 《柯林斯高级英语词典》2006版CD ROM, WORDBANK:
We must
actually have been a dirty nation,Pete, mustn't
we?
（我们当时实际上是个龌蹉的民族，彼特，对不对？）
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They must have been his daughters, mustn't they?
P265:
They must have been his daughters, mustn't they ?('It's certain
that they were his daughters')
LONGMAN FOCUS ON ADVANCED ENGLISH GRAMMAR PRACTICE (1999),
p34:
Ski instructors must lead fairly interesting lives, mustn't
they?
My little boy really likes going out in it - so it must be comfy,
mustn't it?
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