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英语语法---句子成分

(2011-07-04 19:59:15)
标签:

英语句子成分

主语

谓语

宾语

表语

定语

状语

补语

杂谈

分类: 英语及教育

 

种类:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语。

 

一,         主语

1,含义:

1)              一个句子中要描述的事物、事情及人物。

2)              谓语动作的发出者或承受者。

2,可做主语的类型词:

名词、代词、数词、非谓语动词、从句、THE+形容词。

EG:

I am a child.

That Mary will go abroad is known.

The wounded were sent to a nearby hospital.

One million is not a small number.

 

二,         谓语

1,含义:

1)              一个句子中主要发出的动作或存在的状态。

2)              主语所发出的动作或存在的状态。

2,可做谓语的类型词:只能是动词

3,具体形式:

1)              简单谓语:多用于一般现在时、一般过去时或一般将来时。

EG

Tom runs a shop.

He was a driver ten years ago.

2)              复合谓语:应用复合动词的时态

EG

I am studying English recently.

He has been a Party mumnber for two years.

The Smith will arrive in five hours.

4,分类

1)及物:     He rode a bike.

2)不及物:  Look at the building.

 

三,         宾语

1,              含义:谓语动作所涉及的对象。

2,可做宾语的类型词:

名词、代词、数词、非谓语动词、从句、THE+形容词。

EG

He opened the door.

She put on a coat.

I don’t know whether they will leave.

I am afraid that he won't come!

2,              分类

1)              动宾

2)              介宾

3)    形容词宾语

EG:如上。

 

四,         表语

1,              含义:一个句中,一般在系词之后,用来说明主语的特征、性质、状态、位置、所属关系以及身份地位等的词。

(此部分另对系词进行说明:系词分为

    be动词                     is,am,are及相应的时态

   感官动词                  feel,taste,smell,sound,look

   表示变化状态的      go,get,become,turn

   表示稳定状态的:   stand,remain,lie,stay

EG:This cloth feels soft.

There stands a temple on the hill.

2,可做表语的类型词:

  名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、非谓语动词、从句、THE+形容词、介词短语。

3,不同的表语对主语进行的说明也不同:

EG

1)              名词(包括THE+形容词)做表语,说明身份:

This is Tom.

They are the new-coming.

2)              代词做表语,说明所属:

It is his.

That building is mine.

3)              形容词做表语,说明性质:

The book is interesting.

It turns warm!

4)              数词做表语,说明数目或次序:

You are the first!

Your mark is 96.

5)              副词做表语,说明状态:

The light is on\out.

He was away.

6)              非谓语动词做表语,

   动名词、不定式,解释主语:

What he likes is singing!

His wish is to become a millionnair!

   现在分词,说明主语性质特征:

Nancy is standing!

   过去分词,说明主语所处状态:

They are surprised!.

7)              从句做表语,

   该主句主语为抽象名词时,说明抽象名词的性质:

The news is that our team won the game!

The doubt is whether they will help us!

   该表语从句在感官动词之后或由as if引导时,说明主语所处的状态:

He appears that he knows the answer.

It looks as if it is to rain.

8)              介词短语做表语,说明地点或位置:

Peter is on the edge.

Mary is beside the tree.

That city lies along a river.(可倒装)

 

五,         定语

1,              含义:修饰名、代词或整个句子的成分。

2,可做定语的类型词:

   名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、非谓语动词、介词短语:只能修饰词

   从句:即可修饰词也可修饰句子。

EG

He went to a shoe shop.                           名词

Your pen is there.                               代词

An interesting film!                              形容词

I like the second one!                             数词

The film on is an interesting film!                   副词

That broken glass is expensive!                    非谓语动词

The pen on my table was gone                     介词短语

I like the city where I was born.                    从句

 

六,状语

1,              含义:修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子的成分。

EG

They went seperatly.                            修饰动词,表示方式

Ther is too noisy!                              修饰形容词,表示程度

The plane flies very fast.                        修饰副词,表示程度

Generally speaking,there shoud be a rule.   修饰句子,表示伴随

When he comes,I will tell you.              修饰句子,表示时间

If you study hard,Ishallgive you a gift!    修饰句子,表示条件

2,              种类:

   时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、让步、比较、条件、方式、程度、伴随状语。

   普通状语与状语从句

EG;

Owing to the rain,he was late .              普通状语、表示原因

He get up early in order to catch the bus.           普通状语、表示目的

He worked hard so that he passed the exam.   状语从句、表示结果

3,可做状语的类型词:

   普通状语:名词(表示时间概念)、形容词(表伴随)、副词、非谓语动词(不定式和动名词)、介词短语

   状语从句:

EG

I am leaving tonight.                              名词, 表示时间

He arrived,safe.                                 形容词,表示伴随

He went away.                                  副词,表示伴随

To be honest,I fail!                          非谓语动词(不定式),表示伴随

Accepting the degree,he cried.              非谓语动词(动名词),表示时间

In the rain,he trumbled.                    介词短语,表示地点

No matter who asks,I will answer.           从句,表示让步

 

 

七,补语

1,含义:补充说明主语或宾语的成分。

2,分类:

   主语补语:补充说明主语,用于被动语态中

The room is decareted beautifuly.

He was made to stand still

   宾语补语:补充说明宾语,用于主动语态中

I saw a man stanging.

I made him stand still.

3,可做补语的类型词:名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词。

EG: We elected Lincon president.

      He had a cup broken.

      I had Mary crying.

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