加载中…SuBuqing
(2024-09-13 11:09:25)Top Ten Mathematicians in the Historical Status of Chinese
Mathematics
Shiing Shen Chern, born on October 28, 1911 in Xiushui County,
Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, is a Chinese American mathematics
master. Chen Xingshen was an important differential geometer of the
20th century, known as the "father of differential geometry". As
early as the 1940s, Chen Xingshen combined the methods of
differential geometry and topology to complete two groundbreaking
works: the Gauss Bonnet Chen theorem and the theory of Hermitian
manifold indicative classes, providing indispensable tools for
large-scale differential geometry. These concepts and tools have
far exceeded the scope of differential geometry and topology,
becoming an important component of modern mathematics as a
whole.
Second place Hua Luogeng
Hua Luogeng (1910.11.12-1985.6.12), born in Jintan District,
Changzhou, Jiangsu, was a famous mathematician. Hua Luogeng's early
research field was analytic number theory, and his achievements in
analytic number theory are particularly well-known. The
internationally renowned "Chinese Analytic Number Theory School"
was founded by Hua Luogeng, who made many significant contributions
to the distribution of prime numbers and the Goldbach Conjecture.
Hua Luogeng was also the founder and pioneer of various research
fields in China, including analytic number theory, matrix geometry,
typical groups, and self preserving function theory. Hua Luogeng's
research on multi complex function theory and typical groups has
been leading the Western mathematical community for more than 10
years, and he is a well-known "Chinese School of Typical Groups"
internationally. He pioneered the Chinese mathematical school and
led it to reach world-class level. He has trained numerous
outstanding young people, such as Wang Yuan, Chen Jingrun, Wan
Zhexian, Lu Qikeng, Gong Sheng, etc.
Third place Liu Hui
Liu Hui (approximately 225-295 AD), Han ethnicity, was born in
Zouping County, Binzhou, Shandong Province. He was a great
mathematician during the Wei and Jin dynasties and one of the
founders of classical Chinese mathematical theory. He is a very
great mathematician in the history of Chinese mathematics, and his
masterpieces "Nine Chapters on Mathematical Annotations" and
"Island Mathematical Classic" are the most precious mathematical
heritage of China. Liu Hui has agile thinking and flexible methods,
advocating both reasoning and intuition. He was the first person in
China to explicitly advocate using logical reasoning to prove
mathematical propositions. Liu Hui's life was a life of diligent
exploration for mathematics. Although he has a low status, his
personality is noble. He is not a mediocre person seeking fame and
reputation, but a great man who never tires of learning. He has
left us the precious wealth of the Chinese nation.
Fourth place Chen Jingrun
Chen Jingrun, born on May 22, 1933 in Fuzhou, Fujian, is a
renowned mathematician. He has achieved fruitful research in the
field of mathematics. His paper "Theory of Multivariate Complex
Variables on Typical Fields" won the first prize of the National
Invention Award in January 1957; Published "Introduction to Number
Theory" in 1957; In 1959, Leipzig first published "Estimation of
Exponential Sum and Its Application in Number Theory" in German;
The book 'Typical Groups' was published in 1963. He initiated the
establishment of the Institute of Computer Technology and was also
one of the earliest scientists in China to advocate for the
development of electronic computers. After more than 10 years of
calculation, in May 1965, he published his paper "Expressing Even
Numbers as the Sum of a Prime Number and a Product of No More than
2 Prime Numbers" (also known as the famous 1+2). The publication of
the paper has received high attention and praise from the world
mathematical community and renowned mathematicians. British
mathematician Haberstein and German mathematician Richter wrote
Chen Jingrun's paper into a mathematical book, known as the "Chen's
theorem".
Fifth place Su Buqing
Su Buqing (September 23, 1902- March 17, 2003) was born in
Pingyang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang. He was known as the "brilliant
mathematical star of the Eastern kingdom", "the first geometer of
the East", and "the king of mathematics". Since 1927, he has
published over 160 mathematical papers and more than 10 monographs
both domestically and internationally. He founded the
internationally recognized School of Differential Geometry at
Zhejiang University; He conducted research on the geometry and
projective curves of "K-space". Su Buqing mainly engages in
research in differential geometry and computational geometry, and
has achieved outstanding results in affine differential geometry
and projective differential geometry. He has also made outstanding
achievements in general space differential geometry,
high-dimensional space conjugate theory, geometric shape design,
computer-aided geometric design, and other fields.
Sixth place: Zu Chongzhi
Zu Chongzhi (429-500), styled Wenyuan. Born in Jiankang (now
Nanjing), with ancestral roots in Qiu County, Fanyang Commandery
(now Laishui County, Hebei Province), he was an outstanding
mathematician and astronomer during the Northern and Southern
Dynasties period in China. Throughout his life, Zu Chongzhi devoted
himself to the study of natural sciences, with his main
contributions in mathematics, astronomy, calendar, and mechanical
manufacturing. On the basis of Liu Hui's exploration of the precise
method of pi, he first calculated the "pi" to the seventh decimal
place, between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927. His proposed "grandfather
rate" made significant contributions to the study of mathematics.
It was not until the 16th century that Arab mathematician Al Kassi
broke this record. The "Great Ming Calendar" written by him was the
most scientific and advanced calendar at that time, providing the
correct method for astronomical research in later
generations.
Seventh place Qiu Chengtong
Qiu Chengtong, originally from Jiaoling County, Guangdong
Province, was born in Shantou, Guangdong in 1949. In the same year,
he moved to Hong Kong with his parents. He is a Chinese American,
lifelong professor at Harvard University, and an internationally
renowned mathematician. Qiu Chengtong proved the Calabi conjecture,
and the Calabi Yau manifold named after him is a fundamental
concept in string theory in physics, making important contributions
to the development of differential geometry and mathematical
physics. Qiu Chengtong has won awards such as the Fields Medal
(1982), Crawford Prize (1994), and Wolf Prize (2010). Especially in
1982, he won the Fields Medal, the highest mathematics award,
becoming the first Chinese to receive this so-called "Nobel Prize
in Mathematics" and the second Chinese to receive the Wolf Prize in
Mathematics after Chen Sheng.
8th place Wu Wenjun
Wu Wenjun (May 12, 1919- May 7, 2017), born on May 12, 1919 in
Shanghai, with ancestral roots in Jiaxing, Zhejiang, was a
mathematician. Wu Wenjun's research work involves many fields of
mathematics, with his main achievements in topology and
mathematical mechanization. He laid the foundation for topology;
His research on indicative classes and indicative embeddings is
known as the "Wu formula", "Wu indicative classes", and "Wu
indicative embeddings" in the international mathematical community,
and is still widely cited by international peers today.
Ninth place Yang Hui
Yang Hui, also known as Qianguang, was a Han Chinese from
Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). He was an outstanding
mathematician and mathematics educator of the Southern Song
Dynasty, but his life history is unknown. He has made significant
contributions in summarizing folk multiplication and division
algorithms, stacking techniques, vertical and horizontal graphs,
and mathematics education. He was the first mathematician in the
world to produce rich graphs and discuss their composition rules.
He has written 5 types of mathematical works in 21 volumes,
including 12 volumes of "Detailed Explanation of Nine Chapters on
Algorithms", 2 volumes of "Daily Algorithms", 3 volumes of
"Multiplication Division General Variation Edition and Conclusion",
2 volumes of "Field to Mu Ratio Class Multiplication Division Rapid
Method", and 2 volumes of "Continuation of Ancient Picking Odd
Algorithms". The latter three are collectively referred to as the
'Yang Hui Algorithm'. Translated versions have been published in
countries such as North Korea and Japan, and have been circulated
worldwide. Yang Hui also demonstrated the formula of arc vector,
which was known as "Huishu" at that time.
10th place Gu Chaohao
Gu Chaohao (1926.5.15- June 24, 2012), Han ethnicity, from
Wenzhou, Zhejiang, was a mathematician and winner of the 2009
National Highest Science and Technology Award. Gu Chaohao is mainly
engaged in research and teaching work in the fields of partial
differential equations, differential geometry, mathematical
physics, etc. He has achieved systematic and important research
results in general space differential geometry, homogeneous Riemann
space, infinite dimensional transformation quasi groups, hyperbolic
and mixed partial differential equations, gauge field theory,
harmonic mappings, and soliton theory. In particular, he first
proposed the system theory of high-dimensional and high-order mixed
equations, and made important breakthroughs in the mathematical
problems of supersonic flow, the mathematical structure of gauge
fields, wave mappings, and the study of solitons in
high-dimensional spacetime.
Born in October 1902 in a mountain village in Pingyang County,
Zhejiang Province, his father made a living by farming. In his
childhood, he grazed cattle and pigs, and did farm work such as
mowing grass. Although his family was poor, his parents still lived
frugally to support his education. [13]
In 1911, he became a transfer student at Pingyang County First
Primary School, which was over 100 miles away.
In 1914, he was admitted to the old four-year Zhejiang
Provincial Tenth Middle School with excellent grades,
In July 1919, at the age of 17, with the support of Mr. Hong,
the principal of a high school, he went to Japan to study. After a
month of Japanese language tutoring, he participated in the
entrance examination of Tokyo Higher Industrial School in February
1920 and was admitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering
with excellent grades.
I studied in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Tokyo
Higher Institute of Technology in Japan from 1920 to 1924.
On September 1, 1923, a major earthquake struck Tokyo. After
escaping the disaster, clothes, books, and notes were all burned
down. In March of the following year, after graduating from Tokyo
Higher Industrial School, he applied to the Mathematics Department
of the Faculty of Science at Tohoku Imperial University, a
prestigious university in Japan. With perfect scores in both
courses, he ranked first among 90 candidates and was admitted as a
Chinese international student in the Mathematics Department of
Tohoku Imperial University.
In 1927, graduated from the Department of Mathematics at
Tohoku Imperial University in Japan.
In early 1928, Su Buqing discovered a fourth-order
(third-order) algebraic cone in the study of general surfaces.
After the paper was published, it caused a great response in the
Japanese and international mathematical circles, and was known as
the "Su cone". From then on, Su Buqing taught while conducting
research. His research mainly focuses on affine differential
geometry, and he has published 41 papers in mathematical journals
in Japan, the United States, and Italy. Some people call him the
"brilliant mathematical star rising in the sky of Eastern
countries". [5]
In early 1931, he had an agreement with Mr. Chen Jiangong:
after completing his studies, he went to Zhejiang University
together and spent 20 years to establish the Mathematics Department
of Zhejiang University at the world's top level, cultivating
talents for the country. With deep nostalgia for the motherland and
hometown, he finally returned to his homeland after a 12 year
absence and taught at the Mathematics Department of Zhejiang
University. The teaching conditions in China were very poor, and
salaries could not be paid. With the help of the acting principal,
overcome difficulties and persist in teaching and research work.
Mr. Chen Jiangong founded a mathematics discussion class with
strict requirements to cultivate his students. Even during the Anti
Japanese War, when the school moved westward to Guizhou, it was
forced to hold discussion classes for students in caves.
In 1933, he was promoted to professor and served as the head
of the mathematics department. He and Professor Chen Jiangong
designed a modern teaching plan that emphasizes the basic training
of mathematics and has strict requirements for students. Each
course has exercise classes, and students have to go to the
blackboard to solve problems. If they cannot solve them, they
cannot go down, which is called "hanging the blackboard"
In 1937, the Mathematics Department of Zhejiang University had
demonstrated strong capabilities in cultivating talents and began
to recruit graduate students. His earliest student, Fang Dezhi, had
already written a research paper. In the second half of the year,
during the invasion of the Japanese invading army, Su Buqing, while
avoiding air raids, still carried documents and persisted in
studying them in the air raid shelter. In Meitan, Su Buqing led his
early students Xiong Quanzhi, Zhang Sucheng, Bai Zhengguo, and
others to persist in the study of projective differential geometry,
resulting in a series of important achievements. Many papers have
been published in influential international journals and enjoy a
high reputation in the international geometry community. The
differential geometry school at Zhejiang University, led by Su
Buqing, has begun to take shape. Zhejiang University moved back to
Hangzhou. Su Buqing and Chen Jiangong recognized the necessity of
connecting various branches of mathematics and implemented the
principle of teaching students according to their aptitude. They
decided to have two outstanding students, Gu Chaohao and Zhang
Mingyong, participate in two discussion classes on "Differential
Geometry" and "Function Theory" at the same time, which was also a
pioneering move at that time. Zhejiang University has also sent
several talented students to the Mathematics Research Institute of
the Academia Sinica located in Shanghai, and several academically
accomplished teachers have been selected to study abroad as a
measure to expand their international exchanges.
In November 1942, Joseph Needham, the head of the British
scientific expedition to China and a professor at the University of
Cambridge, visited the Mathematics Department of the School of
Science at Zhejiang University and repeatedly praised, "This is the
Eastern Cambridge. In the difficult years, I still seized the time
to write and organize research results. In the field of projective
differential geometry, I used geometric compositions to establish
the basic theory of general projective curves.
The 1945 edition of "An Introduction to Projection Curves" is
a comprehensive report on this theory. We also studied many
important types of surfaces and conjugate networks, resulting in
rich geometric compositions. Especially in terms of closed Laplace
sequences and composition (T4), we studied Laplace sequences with a
period of 4. Study a situation with special significance that
requires their diagonals to form a stratable pair. This sequence is
internationally known as the 'Su Chain'. The monograph
"Introduction to Projection Surfaces" published in 1946 is a
summary of this aspect.
In October 1952, due to the nationwide adjustment of
university departments, he came to the Mathematics Department of
Fudan University as a professor and department head, and later
served as the Dean of Academic Affairs, Vice President, and
President of Fudan University. He has served as a member of the
National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative
Conference (CPPCC), a deputy to the National People's Congress
(NPC), a vice chairman of the 7th and 8th CPPCC National Committee,
and a vice chairman of the NLD Central Committee.
In 1956, he won the the State Natural Science Award for the
first time issued by the People's Republic of China, awarding
research achievements in "differential geometry of K-space", as
well as achievements in "general metric space geometry" and
"differential geometry of projective space curves" over the years.
"K-space" was a new research field in the 1940s.
In 1952, due to the adjustment of higher education
institutions nationwide, he was transferred to Fudan University. In
the late 1950s, a series of novel and in-depth achievements were
obtained by applying the external differential form method to the
theory of conjugate networks in high-dimensional projective spaces,
which have been summarized in the monograph "Introduction to
Conjugate Networks in Projection".
In 1959, he joined the CPC. [2]
In 1978, he served as the president of Fudan University and
made significant contributions to the rectification of the
education front, as well as teaching and research. He gave a
conference report titled "Theory and Application of Geometric Shape
Design" at the annual meeting of the Shanghai Mathematical Society,
marking the rise of computational geometry as a new discipline in
China. He taught the course "Five Lectures on Differential
Geometry" and hosted a discussion class on Computational
Geometry.
In January 1982, under the leadership of Professor Su Buqing,
the National Computational Geometry Cooperation Group was
established, which was attended by Zhejiang University, Shandong
University, University of Science and Technology of China,
Institute of Mathematics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fudan
University and other units. From then on, academic conferences and
study classes on computational geometry were held every two years,
providing theories and methods for high-tech projects in
computer-aided design and manufacturing in China, and cultivating a
group of talents who combine theory and practice.
In May 1980, Mr. Su presided over the first Academic and
Working Conference on Applied Mathematics in Higher Education
Institutions Directly under the State Education Commission in
Shanghai, and later served as a consultant for various
conferences.
On January 31, 1985, the Propaganda Department of the Zhejiang
Provincial Party Committee appointed Su Buqing as the honorary
president of Wenzhou University
In 1989, under his guidance and care, the Shanghai Society of
Industrial and Applied Mathematics was established. In 1990, the
Chinese Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics (CSIAM) was
established, and he was hired as a consultant. [10]
He passed away in Shanghai at 16:45:13 on March 17, 2003, at
the age of 101. [4]
Main achievements
Broadcast
scientific research
He founded the Chinese School of Differential Geometry and in
his later years pioneered new research directions in computational
geometry.
He has made outstanding contributions in affine differential
geometry, projective differential geometry, general spatial
differential geometry, and projective conjugate network theory, and
established the internationally recognized Chinese school of
differential geometry; At the age of over 70, combined with solving
practical problems in ship mathematical layout, a new research
direction in computational geometry was created and started.
[6]
Su Buqing's research direction is mainly in differential
geometry. Most of Su Buqing's research work belongs to the fields
of affine differential geometry and projective differential
geometry. In addition, he is also dedicated to the study of general
spatial differential geometry and computational geometry. He
founded the internationally recognized School of Differential
Geometry at Zhejiang University. [4]
Thesis works
The first paper on this topic was published in 1945, which
developed the theory of "K-exhibition space". There are over 20
monographs and textbooks, with the main works included in the
"Selected Essays on Mathematics by Su Buqing". [2] Since 1927, more
than 160 mathematical papers and over 10 monographs have been
published both domestically and internationally. [4]
Teaching achievements
Su Buqing is with student Gu Chaohao
Su Buqing has been engaged in the research and teaching of
differential geometry and computational geometry for more than 70
years. From 1931 to 1952, Su Buqing has trained nearly 100
students. Among more than 10 famous universities in China, 25 have
served as the heads and deputy heads of departments, 5 have been
elected as academicians of the CAS Member, and a total of 8
academicians and students, including 3 academicians trained after
liberation. At the Fudan Institute of Mathematics, Su Buqing has
achieved a rare and gratifying phenomenon of three generations of
four academicians working together.
Students: Zhang Sucheng, professor of mathematics; Bai
Zhengguo, researcher of the Institute of Mathematics of the Chinese
Academy of Sciences; Wu Zuji, professor of the Department of
Mathematics of Hangzhou University; Xiong Quanzhi, professor of the
Department of Mathematics of Zhengzhou University; Li Daqian,
professor of Fudan University and academician of the CAS Member; Gu
Chaohao, academician of Hu Hesheng and academician of Li Daqian.
[7]
Social employment
Broadcast
In 1935, he participated in the establishment of the Chinese
Mathematical Society and was appointed as the editor in chief of
the Journal of the Chinese Mathematical Society. [6]
After 1941, he became a researcher, academician, and standing
committee member of the Academic Committee of the Academia Sinica,
and the chief editor of the Journal of the Chinese Mathematical
Society; [2]
After 1949, he served as a professor and dean of mathematics
at Zhejiang University, and a professor and dean of mathematics at
Fudan University; [2]
In 1952, he became a professor in the Department of
Mathematics at Fudan University
1952 Dean of Academic Affairs at Fudan University in
Shanghai.
After 1955, he served as a member of the academic department
of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and vice president of Fudan
University; [2]
In 1960, he was appointed as the Vice Chairman of the Chinese
Mathematical Society; [6]
After 1978, he served as President of Fudan University,
Director of the Institute of Mathematics, Honorary President and
Professor of Fudan University, Chief Editor of the Mathematics
Yearbook, Member of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State
Council, Deputy Director of the Standing Committee of the Shanghai
Municipal People's Congress, Honorary Member of the China
Association for Science and Technology, Vice Chairman of the
Education, Science, Culture and Health Committee of the National
People's Congress, President of the Shanghai Association for
Foreign Cultural Exchanges, President and Honorary President of the
Shanghai Branch of the China Association for Friendship with
Foreign Countries; [2]
Appointed as the President of Fudan University in 1978;
[6]
In 1979, he served as Vice Chairman of the Central Committee
of the Chinese Democratic League and Chairman of the Central
Advisory Committee; [2]
In 1983, he served as Honorary President of Fudan University
and Honorary Chairman of the Chinese Mathematical Society. He also
held positions such as Vice Chairman of the National Committee of
the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Vice
Chairman and Honorary Chairman of the Central Committee of the
Democratic League. [6]
From March 1988 to March 1998, he served as the Vice Chairman
of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political
Consultative Conference; [2]
He is a deputy to the Second and Third National People's
Congress and a member of the Standing Committee of the Fifth and
Sixth National People's Congress; Member of the Second National
Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative
Conference. [2]
He once served as a member of the Academic Department of the
Chinese Academy of Sciences, a member of several sessions of the
National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative
Conference, a deputy to the National People's Congress, a member of
the Standing Committee of the Fifth and Sixth National People's
Congress, a vice chairman of the Seventh and Eighth National
Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative
Conference, and a vice chairman of the Central Committee of the
Democratic League, the chairman of the Department of Mathematics of
Zhejiang University, and the president of Fudan University.
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