原创： 张顺均 高中英语教学交流网 

全国卷从2014年开始采用语法填空的题型，其中14年和15年各有2套，16年有3套，17年3套，至今为止，共有10套题目。根据这10套题目，可以得出以下规律。

 

1、必考：副词1个、连词1-2个、动词2-4个

 

2、副词

"常考结构:

**be+副词+ done 【副词修饰be done】;  如be        （official）given..

动词+名词+副词【副词修饰动词+名词，其中动词和名词构成动宾结构】；如wetake short breaks         （regular）.          give out that heat         (slow)..

连词+副词+动词【副词修饰动词】；如which        (gradual) turned into chopsticks.

名词/代词+副词+动词【副词修饰动词。其中名词/代词和动词构成主谓结构】；如it         (actual)caught fire..          the crowdof strangers       (sudden) became..           it          (regular)arranges…

be+副词+形容词【副词修饰形容词】： it must have been        (fair) unpleasant for the passengers.                     It is_______ (certain)fun.

  副词后接逗号，Even ______(bad),

  特殊情况：A fewhours         . I’d been at homein Hong Kong...

 

#考法：形变副；副词变比较级【前有even,much, a little，或有than，或句意】

$考过的单词【形式上多数是形容词后加ly就行了】：actually (actual),suddenly (sudden), slowly(slow), earlier/before, officially (official),regularly (regular), gradually(gradual),fairly (fair), certainly (certain) , worse (bad)

 

3、连词

"考法：并列连词 and , or ,

从属连词【后接从句】（定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句）

#考过的连词

2次考查and，如There were many people waiting at the bus stop, andsome of them looked very anxious…

…Korea, andVietnam…

or: 如：a fewdays or even a few months

【可以延伸为but/yet，while等】

6次考查定语从句连词: 如：

…show in the mid-1980s,when I was the first Western TV reporter…

…Confucius, who livedfrom roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,

…theLi River that/which  are pictured by…

…ahabit that/which is driving…

Like anything, it is impossible to have too much of both, which isnot good for the health.

ButSarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models wants to provethat she has brains as well as beauty.

【常考前有逗号，后接动词be/do/did等】

 

how+副词或形容词，如 …figured out exactly how thick theadobe walls needed to be…

as 形容词/副词 as  如：…be as productive aspossiblebefore lunch.

As/when "随着"或"当……时", 如As/When thepopulation grew, people began cutting food into small pieces…

 

4、动词：

"考法涉及主谓一致、虚拟语气、时态、语态、非谓语。简称一致二态三非（一为一致；时态和语态；三单，三个非谓语）

 

动词的形式有：动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、bedoing、bedone、have/has/haddone、will/woulddo

 

#考过的动词：其中提示词be出现5次，make 出现2次，use出现2次。

助动词【情态动词、助动词后接动原】用于疑问句，如“Didanyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”

动词原形【祈使句】：如…make（make）sure it’s a relief…

第三人称单数（一般现在时），如：This cycle goes (go) day after day.

But at the moment,school comes (come) first.

过去式（一般过去时），如：…whenI arrived  (arrive) in Yangshuo…

Aboy on a bike caught(catch) my attention.

Later, engineers managed(manage)to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube.

Be动词考查(is, am, are, were, was, hasbeen, have been)，如：

Leaving the less important things untiltomorrow is（be）oftenacceptable.

Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and were(be) too violent…

Itwas (be) unimaginable…

Yangshuo is (be)really beautiful.

Fastfood is (be) full of fat and salt;

 

被动语态：【人作主语且是动作承受者、物作主语，be后接过去分词】

如 …I was allowed（allow）to get up close to…

Truly elegantchopsticks might be made(make) of…

Steam engines were used(use) to pull the carriages…

            When fat and salt are removed (remove) fromfood, the food tastes as if   it ismissing something.

             Sarah has been told/ was told (tell) that she could beBritain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year.

 

现在分词(非谓语) :主要位于介词之后、后接doing的动词之后，逗号之后（表主动、伴随）

如：…will include introducing（introduce）British visitors…

Still,the boy kept riding(ride).

     But unlike schoolfriends,16-year-old Sarah is notspending half-term resting (rest).

People probably cookedtheir food in large pots,using (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.

without using(use) electric equipment.

…worriedabout being (be) late for school.

…forpeople living  (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

This included digging up the road, laying(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.

… by eating(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in theirdiet.

 

过去分词（非谓语）作后置定语，常见结构为名词______(动词) 介词，如

I was the first WesternTV reporterpermitted（permit）…

Astudy of travelers  conducted  (conduct) bythe website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo..

Theadobe dwellings (土坯房) built(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired…

 

不定式（非谓语），表目的或用于固定结构中（It took years of work to do;refuse to do, be+形容词+to do , be likely to do, be required to do，want to do），如：

…you’ll be less likely to bring（bring）yourwork home.

Skilledworkers also combine various hardwoods and metal to create (create)special designs.

…are now cold enough to cool (cool)the house…

It took years of work to reduce (reduce) theindustrial pollution…

…but he refused to stop (stop)…

They are required to process (process) thefood that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodilyfunctions.

But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top modelswants to prove (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.

 

 

5、名词：名词数（单复数、名词属格）【2014II没考】：

"名词考查结构：

冠词(the)+名词+动词(be)；

形容词性物主代词(their)/形容词(top/many/few/recent)+名词；

冠词(the)+名词+介词(of)；

介词（of）+名词【注意区别介词+doing】:

数（量）词+名词：

#考查方式及考过单词：

名词单数变复数【changes(change), paintings (painting)，studies(study), crowds(crowd), effects (effect), invitations (invitation)】

动词变名词单数【achievement (achieve)，development(develop)，attraction (attract),introduction (introduce), education(educate)】；

形容词变名词【ability (able)】

 

6、形容词【2015I，2016I，2016II没考】：主要考查：形容词作定语修饰名词，形容词作表语、比较级（根据than或句意判断）。

"形容词考查结构及考过的单词：

比较级，如…greater(great) and less importance. 

…is cleaner (clean)than ever. 

名词变形容词【名词之前的形容词、Be 之后的形容词】：如：

natural (nature) architects

Just be patient(patience).

…was one of the most successful(success) of these new lines,

However, be careful(care) not to go to extremes.

分词作形容词【过去分词（修饰人）作表语、现在分词（修饰物）作定语】如：

…amazing (amaze) stories…

…some of them looked very anxious anddisappointed (disappoint)…

此外，可能会考查否定的意思。

 

7、介词【2014I没考】：主要是考查固定搭配，其中to 出现了2次

to (next to , go backto)，

by (by bus), 

at (at the same time) ,

on (focus on) ,

with (eat with hands)

from (to and from work)

as (… was started by the medical community（医学界）as a method of fighting heart disease)

in (geta degree in engineering)

 

8、冠词【固定搭配中的冠词；最高级/序数词/独一无二事物前；泛指还是特指】

【2014II，2015I，2016III没考】：其中the出现3次

the (2次后接most, 1次后接other, 1次后接top)，

a (for a while, as aresult, as a model)

 

 

9、代词【2014I，2015II, 2016II,2016III, 2017I, 2017III没考】：其中its出现2次。

作定语  如…its (it) mother…

…with its (it) choking smog…

作表语  如：“Oh dear!It’s me/mine (I).”

无提示词如：However,the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using it every day.