（本文作者：佛山市第一中学 李春燕老师 ）

高考短文改错主要从词法、句法、行文逻辑等三个角度设问，考查学生对语言知识的掌握和综合运用语言的能力。

 

一、从词法设问

检查考生对词汇的理解、记忆和辨别能力。在高考短文改错题中，这类改错题主要考查考生对单词、短语及固定搭配的理解、记忆和辨别能力。

1.多词或少词

(1)介词

[例1]Please help with me and give me some advice. (2015 课标)

解析：因help是及物动词，直接接宾语me，故with多余，应删除。

[例2]My soccer coach retired in last week. (2015 陕西)

解析：因last week前习惯上不用介词，故应删去in。

 

[例3]...and wait your teacher to lead you outside. (2014 四川)

解析：因wait for sb. to do(等待某人做某事)是固定搭配，故wait后加for。

 

(2)冠词

[例4]I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning. (2015 浙江)

解析：因in a hurry是固定短语，所以在hurry前加a。

 

[例5]...as a result, nobody knew truth. (2012 浙江)

解析：是特指，应在truth前加the。

 

[例6]He was right there in the front of me. (2011 陕西)

解析：因in the front of意为“在……（内部）的前面”；in front of 意为“在……（外部）的前面”，“他就在我前面”肯定是我外部的前面，故删除其中的the。

 

2.错词

(1)介词误用

[例7] Unfortunately,on the development industrialization, the environment has been polluted.  (2015 课标)

解析：on应改为with，表示“随着……”。    

 

(2)a, an, the混用

[例8]...Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day. (2014 辽宁)

解析：average 前的a应换成 an, 因average以元音音素开头。

 

(3)名词单复数的误用

[例9]...looking at some of the picture we had taken together. (2014 辽宁)

解析：picture 应改为pictures，因picture为可数名词，此处表示“一些照片”，故用其复数形式。

 

[例10] The teacher was angry because we had the same answers in the tests. (2013 四川)

解析：tests应改为test,因本句指的是这一次测试，不用复数形式。

 

[例11] It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. (2011 课标)

解析：luggages应改为luggage,因luggage为不可数名词，无复数。

 

(4)词性的混用

此类错误主要集中在形容词与副词的混用，形容词与名词的混用和动词与名词的混用等。

[例12] Dad and I were terrible worried. (2015 课标)

解析：修饰形容词worried应用副词,  故改terrible为terribly。

 

[例13]That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are. (2014 辽宁)

解析：作are的表语要用形容词，故改closely为close。

 

[例14]...but I know I’ll never fall sleep. (2013 浙江)

解析：作表语要用形容词，故改sleep为asleep，事实上可将fall asleep(入睡)作为固定短语来记。

 

[例15]Unfortunate,I had an accident and hit another car... (2012 浙江)

解析：放句首作状语，修饰整个句子，要用副词，故改Unfortunate为Unfortunately。

 

[例16]He has ruined his healthy. (2013 辽宁)

解析：作宾语或者说在形容词性物主代词后要用名词，故把healthy改为health。

 

二、从句法设问

检查考生对句子结构、复合句的理解、掌握及运用能力。这类错主要表现为：非谓语动词的错误，主谓不一致，连词的误用。

 

1. 非谓语动词的错误

[例17] I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing. (2013 陕西)

解析：因句中已有谓语动词shared了，take应为非谓语动词；又因take与逻辑主语photo是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作后置定语，故taking应改为taken。

 

[例18] I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hangzhou. (2011 课标)

解析：buy应改为buying, 因为此处buy是主句谓语动词was的伴随状语，与主语I是主动关系，故用buy的现在分词。

 

[例19]Suddenly Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her to copy my answers. (2013 四川)

解析：因本句无谓语动词，asking应为谓语动词，根据上下文时态可知，要用一般过去时，故改asking为asked。

 

2. 主谓不一致

[例20]...what you should do when a fire alarm go off. (2014 四川)

解析：在when引导的时间状语从句中，主语为a fire alarm，是第三人称单数形式，故动词go改为goes。

 

[例21]Hard work have made him very ill. (2013 辽宁)

解析：因主语为hard work是第三人称单数形式，故改have为has。

 

[例22]...but the only clothes I had was those I had on. (2011 课标)

解析：主语为clothes，是复数，故改was为were。

 

3. 连词的误用

[例24]But before long they began to see which was happening. (2012 课标)

解析：see后为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，故用连接代词what(=the thing that)。

 

[例25]…we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear.(2012 辽宁)

解析：从句意来看，应表示“直到”，故把unless改为until/till。

 

三、从行文逻辑设问

检查考生对文章整体结构的理解和逻辑推理能力。考生经常遇到这种情况：单独看某个句子，很难查出其错误，但上下文联系起来、把前后句结合一起读，才会发现问题。如：时态不一致、代词所指不一致、句子间转折、因果、并列关系错误等。

 

1. 时态不一致

[例26]Before long, a train inspector comes to check our tickets. (2014 浙江)

解析：改comes为came，因文中叙述过去发生的事。

 

[例27]… by the time I got back, they have finished the scene… (2011 陕西)

解析：因bythe time引出的从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时，其后主句的谓语动词通常用过去完成时，故把have改为had。

 

2. 代词所指不一致

[例28] If you are me, would you talk to him? (2015 四川)

解析：据上下文可知，指作者的三个新朋友，应用复数，故改him为them。

 

[例29] I was eager to see him, but outside her room, I stopped. (2013 辽宁)

解析：根据前文，此处指Mr. Johnson，故改her为his。

 

[例30] I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party. (2015 陕西)

解析：根据上下文逻辑，此处指“想为教练做点什么特别事情”，而不是“任何事情”，故改anything为something。

 

[例31]But after the test, all of us were called to the teacher’s office. (2013 四川)

解析：根据上下文，此处us指I和Mary两个人，故改all为both。

 

3. 句间逻辑

指句子之间转折、因果、并列、顺承、前后等逻辑关系错误。

 

[例32] It is in the downtown area, but it is easy to go to (删to) anywhere from the hotel by public transport. (2013 陕西)

解析：改but为so/and, 因前后句是因果或顺承关系而非转折关系。

 

[例33] If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forgot it.(2015 浙江)

解析：改If为Though/Although, 此处意为“虽然我在那个课室学习时还是个孩子，但我永远都忘不了它”，表示转折关系而非条件。

 

[例34] If it’s a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom. (2014, 四川)

解析：改and为or, 因此处表示选择关系而非顺承关系。

 

[例35] His new job meant I had to say goodbye to my classmate (classmates), my school or just everything else I love in the world. (2013, 浙江)

解析：改or为and，因此处表示并列关系而非选择关系。

 

[例36] My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up. (2014 陕西)

解析：改after为when/while，因前后句非时间先后顺序，而是同时发生。

 

（本文选自《广东教育·高中》责任编辑 蒋小青）

（本文作者：广东佛山市第一中学 李春燕老师，转载需署名，并注明源于爱疯英语公众号）