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课外作业6：初中英语八种时态专练
(2014-01-13 20:40:52)
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初中英语8种时态专练
I. 时态详解
一、一般现在时：
概念：①表现在存在的状态；
时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
基本结构：①主语+be（am,is,are）;
否定形式：①am/is/are+not; (is+not=isn’t;
are+not=aren’t)
一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首;
②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
二、一般过去时：
概念：①过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;
时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本结构：①主语
+be（was,were）;
否定形式：①was/were+not; (was+not=wasn’t;
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首;
三、现在进行时：
概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语：now, look, listen, at this time, these days, etc.
基本结构：be(am,is,are)+doing
否定形式：be(am,is,are)+not + doing.
一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
四、过去进行时：
概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构：be(was,were)+doing
否定形式：be(was,were) + not + doing.
一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。
五、现在完成时：
概念：①过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果;
时间状语：already, yet, so far, recently, lately, since…for…,in the past/last few years, etc.
基本结构：have/has + done
否定形式：have/has + not +done.
(have+not=haven’t;
一般疑问句：have或has提到句首。
六、过去完成时：
概念：① “过去的过去”发生的动作； ②从过去某一时间持续到过去另一时间的动作，（谓语动词必须是延续性动词，常和since,for 连用） 。
时间状语：already, yet, since, for,before, by the end of last year(term, month…), by the time,etc.
基本结构：had + done.
否定形式：had + not + done.(had+not=hadn’t)
一般疑问句：had放于句首。
七、一般将来时：
概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备(be going to )做某事。
时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本结构：①be(am,is ,are) going to +
do;
否定形式：①be + not + going to +
do;
一般疑问句：①be放于句首;
八、过去将来时：
概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语：the next(第二) day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本结构：①be(was,were)going to +
do;
否定形式：①be+ not + going to +
do;
一般疑问句：①be放于句首;
Ⅱ.几种常见时态的相互转换
英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常见的转换形式：
一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：①瞬间动词用于“一段时间+ ago”的一般过去时的句型中;②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用;③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间+ since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看：
A. He joined（瞬间动词） the League two years ago.
B. He has been in（延续动词） the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work(在工作), at school(上学、上课)等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看：
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum!意为“我就来，妈妈!”请看：
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
四、“be going
to+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的转换
“be going to+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事;将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shall。在口语中，所有人称都可以用will。请看：
We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
专题练习
一．过去进行时专练
1. I _____ (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.
2. Mary _____ (go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and peter ____(do) the same thing.
3. What _____ you ___ (do) at that time?We _____ (watch) TV.
4. Wasyour father at home yesterday evening? Yes, he was. He _____ (listen) to the radio.
5. They _____(not make) a model ship when I saw him.
6. _____ they ____ (have) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon?
No, they _____. They _____(clean) the classroom.
7. ______ it ______(rain) when you left school?Yes, it ____. (No, it ____)
8. What _____ your father _____ (do) when he was your age?
9. One day, Edison _____ (wait) for a train to arrive, and suddenly a little boy ran to the track(轨道) to play.
10. He asked me if I ______ (go) fishing that afternoon.
11. The three of them were in a hurry because their plane _____ (leave) in five minutes.
12. In a letter, john told us that he _____ (come) to china next month.
13. When the bell rang, Jenny _____ (wait) in her seat.
14. She _____ (make) her dress the whole afternoon.
15. While my father ____ (look) through the evening paper, he suddenly ____(hear) a cry.
16. I __________ (telephone) a friend when Bob __________ (come) in.
17.While mother ________ (put) Cathy to bed, the door bell ________ (ring).
18. As I __________ (walk) in the park, it __________ (begin) to rain.
Key: 1.was having 2. was going,were doing 3. were doing,were watching 4. was listening 5. were not making 6. Were having were cleaning 7. was raining 8. did do(do) 9. was waiting 10. was going/would go 11. was leaving 12. is coming /will come 13 was waiting 14. was making 15. was looking ,heard
二。现在完成时练习
1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.
2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet.
3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.
4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.
5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.
6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.
7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.
8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework.
9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.
10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet?
11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.
12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in.
13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree.
14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday.
15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere?
Key: 1. have, seen, saw2. Has, finished 3. has, come 4. has gone 5. have worked, moved 6. have made 7. have, stayed 8. have, finished 9. goes 10. have, found 11. is 12. were reading 13. is climbing 14. is coming 15. Have, seen。
三．过去将来时
1. Miss Zhang said she ________(visit) the Great Wall next summer.
2. She told him that she ________(not stay) here for long.
3. I wasn’t sure whether Lucy_______(come) the next year.
4. The scientists said the world’s population _______ (slow) down in future.
5. She said the bus _______(leave) at five the next morning.
6. I wasn't sure whether he _______(lend) me his book the next morning.
7. He was fifty-six. In two years he _______(be) fifty-eight.
8. Whenever she has time, she ______(help) them in their work.
Key:1. would visit 2. would not stay 3. would come 4. would slow 5. was leaving 6. would lend 7. would be 8. would help
四．过去完成时
1.By the end of this century, we_________(build) ours into a strong modern country.
2.We _________(finish) the work by six yesterday evening
3.Mrs. Wu told me that her sister___________ (leave) about two hours before.
4.When I reached home, my parents __________(have) their supper.
5.By the time the speaker entered the hall, all the listeners_______(seat).
五．一般将来时
1.If he _______（study）harder, he _______ (catch) up with us soon.
2.--- Don’t forget to ask him to write to me.
--- I won’t. As soon as he _______(come), I_________(ask) him to write to you.
3.There _______ (be) a talk on science in our school next Monday.
4.I believe that those mountains _______ (cover) with trees in a few years’ time.
5.It is said that about 400 cars _______(produce) in the factory next month.
六，七．一般现在时与现在进行时
1.Father usually ______ （read）his newspaper after dinner.
2.The Blacks often ______ (go) to the cinema on Saturday evenings.
3.Look! The boy ______ (swim) with his mother in the pool.
4.--- What is Tom doing in the classroom?
--- He ______(draw) something on the blackboard.
5.Old Tom usually ______(get) up at six and ______ (do) sports in the garden.
6.It’s ten o’clock and Jack ______ still(仍然) ______ his homework. (do)
7.The waiters _____ (start) to work at five every morning.
8.A hundred days _____ (be) quite a long time.
9.The clothes ______ (feel) very soft.
10.I’ll go swimming with you if I _____ (be) free tomorrow.
11.Don’t make so much noise. We _____ (listen) to the music.
12.The supermarket is far from Mary’s house. So she _____ (go shopping) only once a week.
八．一般过去时
1.The mother asked the boy _______ （come）down the ladder梯子, but he went on _______ （climb）instead.
2.The boy was made _______ (stand) there for an hour by his father
3.I saw him _______ (go) into the small store.
4.Jane _______ (buy) a new dress every month when she was in Shanghai.
5.- -Liu Mei can’t come tonight.
--- Why? But she _______ (tell) me she would come.
6.He turned off the light and then _______(leave).
单选： 1. Listen! Some of the girls ________ about Harry Potter. Let’s join them.
A. are talking B. talk
C. will talk D. talked
2. Our teacher, Miss Chen, ________English on the radio the day bore yesterday.
A. teaches B. taught
C. will teach D. had taught
3. I don’t think I _________ you in that dress before.
A. have seen B. was seeing
C. saw D. see
4. Susan’s parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It _______ be very expensive.
A. must B. can C. mustn’t D. can’t
5. Coffee is ready. How nice it ________ ! Would you like some?
A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. feels
6. “ Mr. Zhu, you’d better _______ too much meat. You are already over weight,” said the doctor.
A. not to eat B. to eat C. not eat